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Aims: Psychological insulin resistance is a common barrier to initiation and persistence with insulin therapy that affects approximately 42.7% of people living with type II diabetes mellitus, which may negatively impact self‐management. This study aimed to assess patients' levels of psychological insulin resistance and to identify factors associated with self‐management in patients with type II diabetes mellitus treated with insulin therapy. Methods: We adopted a cross‐sectional design. Subjects from the metabolism and endocrinology outpatient departments of a regional teaching hospital in central Taiwan were recruited by consecutive sampling. Patients were assessed for psychological insulin resistance and self‐management using the barriers to insulin treatment questionnaire and the partners in health scale. Results: A total of 222 patients with type II diabetes mellitus were recruited. Patients had an average psychological insulin resistance score of 3.14 (maximum of 8). Positive self‐management was associated with insulin therapy injection by patient, fewer expectations regarding positive insulin‐related outcomes, no diabetes‐related complications, less fear of injection and self‐testing, no hypoglycaemia within the previous year, and younger age. Conclusion: Insulin therapy injection by patient and no diabetes‐related complications were the most common factors associated with overall self‐management and with each domain of self‐management in patients with type II diabetes mellitus treated with insulin therapy. Insulin therapy education should be offered to improve patients' beliefs about insulin therapy and enhance patients' ability to perform self‐management. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Psychological insulin resistance is a common psychological barrier to initiation and persistence with insulin therapy.Psychological insulin resistance causes poor glycaemic control and diabetes‐related complications.Psychological insulin resistance may negatively impact self‐management in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. What is the contribution of this paper? Positive self‐management was associated with insulin therapy injection by patient, fewer expectations regarding positive insulin‐related outcomes, no diabetes‐related complications, less fear of injection and self‐testing, no hypoglycaemia within the previous year, and younger age.Insulin therapy injection by patient and no diabetes‐related complications were the most common factors associated with overall self‐management and with each domain of self‐management in patients with type II diabetes mellitus treated with insulin therapy.Patients with poor self‐management had statistically significantly higher levels of overall psychological insulin resistance, fear of injections and self‐testing, expectations regarding positive insulin‐related outcomes, and stigmatization by insulin injections, compared to those with appropriate self‐management. What are the implications of this paper? Knowing in advance the factors associated with diabetes self‐management will allow healthcare professionals prevent psychological insulin resistance in patients with type II diabetes mellitus treated with insulin therapy.Healthcare professionals can design and provide patient‐centred diabetes education based on education level to enhance self‐management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim was to investigate the associations of activities of daily living, resilience and the well‐being among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and provide a long‐term follow‐up study. Design: A longitudinal design was used. Methods: The instruments included the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) Scale to assess the activities of daily living as well as the Resilience Scale and Well‐Being Scale. A regression analysis was used to predict the factors related to well‐being. A repeated‐measures ANOVA was used for long‐term follow‐up with regard to IADLs, resilience and well‐being. Results: A total of 105 eligible participants were enrolled, of whom 59% were men and 41% were women. Interactions at three time points among IADLs, resilience, and well‐being were reported. IADLs were significantly and positively associated with resilience and well‐being. Resilience was a significant predictor of well‐being. The well‐being score increased by 0.24 points for every 1‐point increase in the resilience score. Conclusion: IADLs, resilience, and well‐being are correlated in patients with CKD, and resilience is a predictor of well‐being. Higher resilience is associated with higher well‐being. Therefore, clinical care providers need to access the resilience level of CKD patients as early as possible and design appropriate interventions to improve mental health and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate nurse practitioners' (NPs) experience of job strain in acute care settings, and to examine the factors that may affect job strain in that context. Design: Descriptive design using a national survey was employed. Methods: A total of 1396 NPs completed online surveys that recorded demographic characteristics and included a Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ), a Condition for Work Effectiveness Questionnaire (CWEQ), and the Dempster Practice Behavior Scale (DPBS). Multiple logistic regressions were conducted to explore the factors associated with job strain types. Findings: NPs were classified into job strain categories of passive (24.4%), active (31.4%), low (19.2%), or high (24.9%). The passive job strain type was associated with overtime hours, organizational empowerment, and autonomy. The active job type was associated with higher organizational empowerment and autonomy. The high‐strain and low‐strain job types were both associated with overtime hours and autonomy. Conclusion: Nearly 25% of acute care NPs are in a high job strain type. Organizational empowerment and autonomy were two major factors associated with the passive and active job strain types. Overtime hours and autonomy were both associated with the high‐strain and low‐strain job types. Clinical relevance: Supportive hospital/nursing leadership should acknowledge the impact of NP practice as they can contribute to the operational efficacy of their organization. Hospital administrators should provide a supportive practice environment by empowering NPs, enhancing autonomy, and addressing working conditions for NPs to decrease the odds of having a passive or high‐strain job type in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nurse practitioners (NPs) play an important role in addressing growing health care needs. Among NPs, organizational empowerment is positively associated with overall practice outcomes. Therefore, efforts to promote organizational empowerment in practice are necessary to increase job satisfaction among NPs as well as decrease the stress and intention to leave. Purpose: This study investigated the relationships of organizational empowerment and practice outcomes of job satisfaction, work stress, and intention to leave in acute care practices. Methodological orientation: This study was conducted as a cross-sectional design with a national survey of 946 acute care NPs. Questionnaires contained demographic and practice characteristics, Misener Nurse Practitioner Job Satisfaction Scale, Condition for Work Effectiveness Questionnaire II, and the work stress VAS scale. Hierarchical Linear Model (HLM) was used to investigate individual NP-level or organization-level effects on job satisfaction. The factors associated with job satisfaction were examined by stepwise multiple regression. Results: The organizational empowerment was low, work stress was moderately high, and job satisfaction was between slightly unsatisfied and slightly satisfied. The HLM results indicated that organization-level effects did not affect the job satisfaction of NPs. Nurse practitioners with greater formal power, resources, and informal power had higher job satisfaction. Conversely, NPs with an intention to leave and a higher level of stress showed lower job satisfaction. Conclusions: Organizational empowerment, intention to leave, and stress affect job satisfaction of acute care NPs in Taiwan. Implications for practic: To enhance the job satisfaction of NPs, health care administrators should empower NPs by providing access to opportunity, support, information, and resources in the health care delivery system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Weight control is a widespread phenomenon among young adults, especially in women. Aim: This study aimed to determine the prediction factors of weight control intention in a young Chinese sample. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted with 963 (276 male and 687 female; mean age 21.8 ± 4.4 years) adult students from a university in Taiwan. The data were collected from October 2016 to January 2017. Body mass index (BMI), the Chinese version of the Weight Self‐Stigma Questionnaire, the Body Areas Satisfaction Scale and the Media Influence Questionnaire were used as data collection instruments. Results: The participants with weight control intention had higher BMI, weight self‐stigma and media influence scores and lower body satisfaction scores than those without the intention. Female sex, BMI, weight self‐stigma, body satisfaction and media influence were significant predictors of weight control intention for all participants. Conclusion: Before conducting weight loss programmes, the perception of weight self‐stigma and the influence of social media on body image should be confirmed, particularly in women with intention to lose weight. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? Weight loss is a popular issue in the health field, owing to the effect of obesity on multiple aspects of life.Females have a higher intention than males to control their weight.People with obesity are more likely to internalize weight stigma from public attitudes and influences and are more dissatisfied than others with their body appearance. What this paper adds? Females have a higher perception of weight self‐stigma and are more dissatisfied than males with their body and the influence of social media on body image.The Chinese young adults with weight control intention had a higher body mass index, weight self‐stigma, body dissatisfaction and media influence than adults without weight control intention.Weight self‐stigma, body dissatisfaction, influence of mass media and body mass index may play synergistic roles in triggering weight control intention in Chinese young adults, particularly in women. The implications of this paper Nurses should pay attention to young adult females with normal BMI and intention to lose weight.Nurses and other healthcare professionals who conduct weight loss programmes should confirm with young adults, particularly with women, their perception of weight self‐stigma, body dissatisfaction and social media influence.Healthy and non‐prejudiced advice should be included in weight loss consultation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify distinct subgroups of patients newly diagnosed with lung cancer (LC) over time and to explore the predictors of distinct trajectories of symptom and fatigue distress in LC patients. Methods: A total of 120 patients newly diagnosed with LC were recruited in this longitudinal prospective study. Our survey investigated patients' symptoms in 6 months. Latent growth curve analysis (LGCA) was conducted to identify patients with distinct trajectories of symptom and fatigue distress. The characteristics of the patients among groups were compared for statistical differences by the chi‐square test or ANOVA. Results: The results of LGCA revealed that the linear three‐trajectory model had the best model fit for symptom and fatigue distress. Patients' symptom and fatigue distress improved with time, except for patients with increasing trajectories. Patients' trajectories of symptom and fatigue distress were affected by pain, lower functional status, total symptom score and depression. Moreover, patients with increasing trajectories of symptom and fatigue distress experienced more pain, physiological symptoms and depression from 1 to 6 months. Conclusions: Pain and functional status were the major factors that deteriorated the recovery of trajectory in symptom distress and fatigue distress among patients with increasing trajectories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim and Objectives: To investigate factors related to self‐management and predictors of self‐management in older adult patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Background: Diabetic patients suffer many comorbidities during their lifetime, and the process of self‐management is complex. Self‐management and an integrated care experience are extremely important for older adults with diabetic nephropathy. Design: A cross‐sectional correlation design was adopted. Methods: A total of 123 older patients were enrolled in the study from June 2016 to November 2017. Data collection involved a demographic questionnaire, the Patients' Experience of Integrated Care Questionnaire and the Partners in Health Scale to measure the integrated care experience and self‐management. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, independent t tests, Pearson product‐moment correlation and multiple linear regression. The methods are consistent with the STROBE criteria (Data S1). Results: The results showed that the majority of the sample was female (56.9%). The average age was 77 years old. Stepwise regression analysis showed that re‐admission during the past year (p <.001), physical function (p <.001) and integrated care experience (p <.001) are predictors of self‐management in older adult patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy and explained 42.8% of the variation in self‐management behaviour. Conclusion: The results can be used to enhance the awareness of clinicians of the importance of an integrated care experience and self‐management among older patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Clinicians also should pay attention to physical function and the integrated care experience to promote self‐management. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Studies on the integrated care experience and self‐management of diabetic neuropathy in older adults are limited in Taiwan. The results of this study provide valuable information to support the importance of integrated care among this specific population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Coronary artery bypass grafting is one of the most common interventional revascularisation procedures used to treat coronary artery disease worldwide. With a wide variability in postoperative cardiac symptoms, identification of symptom trajectories during the 3-month postoperative recovery period may improve clinicians' abilities to support symptom recovery. Aims: To identify distinct trajectories of cardiac symptoms seen over time in a cohort of patients during the 3-month post-coronary artery bypass grafting period, and determine clinical characteristics associated with different symptom trajectories postoperatively. Methods: A prospective trial used the cardiac symptom survey to determine patient symptoms at baseline prior to surgery, and at 1 week, 6 weeks and 3 months following coronary artery bypass grafting. A latent class growth model and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used. Results: Data were obtained from patients (N=198) undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting in six medical centres of Taiwan, through patient medical records and interviews. Based on their frequency, trajectories were explored for the six most common postoperative symptoms including angina, dyspnoea, fatigue, depression, sleep problems and anxiety. We identified two to three distinct classes of trajectories for each symptom. Age, longer intensive care unit stay, fewer vessels bypassed, off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting, smoking history and lack of regular exercise were associated with worse symptom outcome trends over time. Conclusions: Using this unique trajectories-based research method, we are able to achieve a better understanding of symptom recovery patterns over time among coronary artery bypass grafting patients. Recognising risk factors and potential recovery patterns prior to surgery may allow healthcare providers to deliver targeted discharge planning and individualised care after coronary artery bypass grafting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among cancer impact, belief in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), CAM use, and quality of life (QOL). Design: The study used a cross-sectional, descriptive correlational design with convenience sampling. A total of 122 cancer patients participated. Data were collected at a medical center in Chunghua, Taiwan. The questionnaires included the Chinese version of the Cancer Problem in Living Scale (CPILS), Complementary and Alternative Medicine Belief Inventory (CAMBI), Complementary and Alternative Medicine scale, and Chinese versions of QOL scales, including the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G). Results: The mean age was 56.5 years, and most participants were male (n = 69, 56.6%), had completed high school or above (n = 56, 45.9%), and were married (n = 109, 89.3%). The most common type of cancer was oral (n = 17, 13.9%), followed by esophageal (n = 15, 12.3%) and colorectal (n = 13, 10.7%). Cancer patients, on average, use one or two types of CAM. The impact of cancer is significantly related to age (F=7.12, p < 0.05), and income is related to QOL (F = 3.61, p < 0.05). Pearson correlations showed that the use of CAM was positively associated with belief in CAM (CAMBI) (r=0.26, p = 0.01), and the impact of cancer was highly negatively associated with QOL (r=-0.71, p = 0.001). The predictors of QOL were the impact of cancer and use of CAM, and the impact of cancer accounted for 51% of the variance in QOL. Conclusion: This study supports research on the impact of cancer, belief in CAM, and use of CAM as related to QOL in cancer patients. These results can be used to provide options to clinicians and cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives To explore decisional conflict and its influencing factors on choosing dialysis modality in patients with end-stage renal diseases. The influencing factors investigated include demographics, predialysis education, dialysis knowledge, decision self-efficacy and social support. Background Making dialysis modality decisions can be challenging for patients with end-stage renal diseases; there are pros and cons to both haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Patients are often uncertain as to which one will be the best alternative for them. This decisional conflict increases the likelihood of making a decision that is not based on the patient's values or preferences and may result in undesirable postdecisional consequences. Addressing factors predisposing patients to decisional conflict helps to facilitate informed decision-making and then to improve healthcare quality. Design A predictive correlational cross-sectional study design was used. Methods Seventy patients were recruited from the outpatient dialysis clinics of two general hospitals in Taiwan. Data were collected with study questionnaires, including questions on demographics, dialysis modality and predialysis education, the Dialysis Knowledge Scale, the Decision Self-Efficacy scale, the Social Support Scale, and the Decisional Conflict Scale. Results The mean score on the Decisional Conflict Scale was 29.26 ( SD = 22.18). Decision self-efficacy, dialysis modality, predialysis education, professional support and dialysis knowledge together explained 76.4% of the variance in decisional conflict. Conclusions Individuals who had lower decision self-efficacy, did not receive predialysis education on both haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, had lower dialysis knowledge and perceived lower professional support reported higher decisional conflict on choosing dialysis modality. Relevance to clinical practice When providing decisional support to predialysis stage patients, practitioners need to increase patients' decision self-efficacy, provide both haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis predialysis education, increase dialysis knowledge and provide professional support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring lifestyle to maintain health is an important issue for breast cancer survivors. No multidimensional instrument has previously been available specifically for assessing overall healthiness of lifestyle among breast cancer survivors. This study aims (i) to establish the Healthy Lifestyle Instrument for Breast Cancer Survivors (HLI-BCS) and (ii) to examine the reliability and validity of the established scale. A quantitative cross-sectional design was used. This project was conducted in four phases. In phase I, using the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile as the core concept, we created 50 preliminary measurement items. In phase II, we invited 10 breast cancer survivors and five professional experts to conduct a content validity assessment. In phases III and IV, a total of 220 breast cancer survivors were enrolled to assess the construct validity and the internal consistency and reliability. The final HLI-BCS contains 20 items across five domains: dietary habits, environment and physiology, health responsibility and stress management, social and interpersonal relations and spiritual growth. Through the information presented in the HLI-BCS, breast cancer survivors can assess their lifestyles on multiple dimensions and subsequently adjust their lifestyles to enhance their recovery and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives The specific aims of this study were as follows: (1) to describe psychosocial adjustment in adults with end-stage renal disease who underwent maintenance peritoneal dialysis; (2) to explore the influence of demographics, clinical variables, symptom distress and social support on psychosocial adjustment and (3) to determine predictive factors of psychosocial adjustment. Background Proper psychosocial adjustment is important for patients with end-stage renal disease to cope with multiple stressors of their disease and to balance their lives within the restrictions imposed by peritoneal dialysis treatment. Knowledge on psychosocial adjustment in patients receiving long-term peritoneal dialysis has been limited. Design The study was based on a predictive correlational design. Method One hundred peritoneal dialysis patients were recruited from outpatient peritoneal dialysis clinics of a general hospital in Taipei, Taiwan. Data were collected with the study questionnaires, including the Physical Symptom Distress Scale, the Social Support Scale and the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale - self-report. Results The mean score on the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale was 359·7 ( SD = 40·0), indicating that these participants were moderately struggling in adjusting to their illness. Symptom distress, family social support and financial status explained 38·3% of the variance in psychosocial adjustment ( F3,96 = 21·5, p < 0·001). Conclusions The level of psychosocial adjustment in peritoneal dialysis patients is suboptimal. Overall, the patients with high physical symptom distress, weak family social support and poor financial status reported deficient psychosocial adjustment to their illness. Implications for practice The findings of this study are relevant to the understanding of preconditions that enable peritoneal dialysis patients to successfully adjust to the disease and its diverse consequences. Patients with insufficient income, higher symptom distress and less family social support have a greater risk of psychosocial maladjustment. Medical professionals may use these variables to identify higher risk groups for early intensive intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The study purpose was to explore the relationships among health literacy, self-efficacy, and self-care behaviors of patients with type 2 diabetes. Data sources A cross-sectional study with a descriptive correlational design was conducted. Patients ( N = 150) with type 2 diabetes were recruited from diabetes clinics in the Marshall Islands. Levels of health literacy, self-efficacy, and self-care behaviors were assessed by a questionnaire. Conclusions Health literacy, receiving diabetes education, and employment status together explained 11.8% of the variance in self-efficacy ( F(3,147) = 7.58, p < .001). Patients who had higher health literacy, received more diabetes-related education, were currently employed and had better self-efficacy. Self-efficacy and marital status together explained 16.7% of the variance in self-care behaviors ( F(2,148) = 15.96, p < .001). Patients who had higher self-efficacy and who were married had better self-care behaviors. Implications for practice Strategies are needed to incorporate the concept of self-efficacy in the design of diabetes education to promote patients' self-care behaviors, with an emphasis on dealing with hyper- or hypoglycemia, following the diet plan, and checking blood sugar levels as recommended. Diabetes education material that requires a lower literacy level may be needed for older or unemployed adult populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to explore the predictive value of demographic and clinical factors in changes in quality of life (QoL) in liver cancer (LC) patients over time. Methods: We performed a prospective cohort study in 128 patients who had 4 time point data newly diagnosed with LC at two hospitals in Taiwan. Different functional QoL was measured by QLQ‐C30. Specific characteristics were predictors for distinct functional QoL, estimated by a generalised estimating equation (GEE). Results: Patients who received liver resection or radiofrequency ablation therapy (RFA) versus transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) or transcatheter arterial embolisation (TAE) experienced a decrease in physical function from baseline to 1 month. In addition, patients who underwent liver resection versus RFA experienced a significant recovery in cognitive functioning from baseline to 6 months. Patients with advanced stage compared to those in early stage had a reduction in physical functioning from baseline to 1 month. The alcohol intake, hepatitis C infection and the job also affected the changes in physical and cognitive functioning. Conclusion: Healthcare professionals should pay attention to changes after treatment in the short term; additionally, they need to provide health education to modifiable factors such as alcohol intake attributed to the deterioration in QoL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Neuropathic pain (NP) is a common, severe problem that affects spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. Only SCI patients truly understand the impact and extent of this type of pain. Purpose: The aim of this study was to understand the NP experienced by SCI patients and the influence of this type of pain on their daily life. Method: A qualitative design was used. An interview guide including a semistructured questionnaire and in-depth interviews was conducted with SCI patients with NP in a neurorehabilitation department at a medical center in northern Taiwan. The data were collected using a purposive sampling method. Content analysis was performed on the interview data, which were obtained from 13 SCI patients with NP. Results: Three themes and eight subthemes were identified that described the NP experience of the participants and the influence of NP on their daily life. The three themes included elusive pain (changing and individual pain sensations, erratically haunting threat, and phantom limb sensations), complicated feelings about pain (converting depression into an active attitude toward life, having feelings of anticipation and anxiety about future pain relief, and facing and experiencing pain), and renewed hope (bravely fighting pain and seeking pain relief methods). Conclusions: This study revealed three important themes of NP experienced by SCI patients, including elusive pain, complicated feelings about pain, and renewed hope. Nurses should understand the nature of NP, provide a thorough pain assessment, and design a proper pain management plan to care effectively for patients with NP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Little is known regarding the factors that affect the team-based practice of nurse practitioners (NPs). Examining the relationships between these factors and team-based practice may provide important insights into the strength of the NP practice. Purpose: This study was designed to examine the effects of practice autonomy and leadership style on the team-based practice of acute care NPs working in hospitals. Methods: A cross-sectional, national survey design was conducted to examine the autonomy, leadership, and team-based practice of NPs. One thousand three hundred ninety-one NPs completed the questionnaire, which included demographic and practice variables, the Dempster Practice Behavior Scale, the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, and the NP–physician relations subscale of the Nurse Practitioner Primary Care Organizational Climate Questionnaire. The hierarchical linear model was used to differentiate between the NP-level and organization-level effects on team-based practice. Multiple regression was applied to explore the factors associated with team-based practice. Results: The hierarchical linear model results identified no organization-level effect on team-based practice. Moreover, the results of the regression model found that NPs with greater autonomy in actualization, empowerment and readiness, and idealized influence leadership style enhanced the performance of the doctor of medicine–NP team-based practice. The final model explained 39% of the variance in doctor of medicine–NP team-based practice. Autonomy in actualization and empowerment were identified as the two most important predictors. Conclusions/Implications for Practice: The practice autonomy and leadership style of NPs influence the efficiency of team-based practice in Taiwan. To improve the team-based practice of NPs, healthcare administrators must support the practice autonomy of NPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nurse practitioners (NPs) in Taiwan have practiced mainly in acute care hospitals since 2006. Although organizational support and level of support have been associated with the successful integration of NP roles and effective practice outcomes, organizational support in the context of NPs in inpatient settings is an area that has been rarely explored in the literature. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational support and the practice outcomes of job satisfaction, care effectiveness, and intention to leave in NPs. Methods: A national survey of 512 NPs was conducted that included a demographic characteristics datasheet, the Nurse Practitioner Primary Care Organizational Climate Questionnaire, the Misener Nurse Practitioner Job Satisfaction Scale, and the Nurse Practitioner Care Effectiveness Scale. Multiple regression analysis was applied to explore the specific factors associated with job satisfaction. The statistical significance level was set at.05 with a two-tailed test. All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS Statistics Version 22.0 software. Results: More than half of the participants were found to be dissatisfied with their hospital managers (54.8%) and with each dimension of organizational support. Overall, 82.1% of the participants were satisfied with their current practice. A multiple regression analysis showed that the participants who perceived higher levels of organizational support in the workplace (β =.53, p <.001), expressed satisfaction with working with their managers (β =.25, p <.001), or perceived better care outcomes (β =.10, p <.001) reported higher job satisfaction. In addition, the participants who expressed intention to leave within 1 year (β = −.09, p <.001) and those with higher patient loads (β = −.09, p <.001) reported lower job satisfaction. Organizational support was found to explain 50% of the variance in job satisfaction. Conclusions/Implications for Practice: The results of this study highlight organizational support as the most important factor affecting job satisfaction in NPs. Therefore, administrators work to promote organizational support and improve the work environment to enhance the job satisfaction, increase the clinical practice retention, and improve the care outcomes of NPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Most gynecological cancer survivors outlive the acute stage, and many reach permanent survival. However, the fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is stressful and affects quality of life. Purpose: This study was designed to validate a Chinese version of the Assessment of Survivor Concerns (ASC) questionnaire in terms of its ability to assess FCR in gynecological cancer survivors. Methods: A two-stage study procedure was employed. The first stage involved the translation of the ASC questionnaire from English into Chinese using the methods proposed by Guillemin, which include translation, back-translation, consensus meetings, and a trial of potential users. In the second stage, a pilot study was completed with 37 gynecological cancer survivors followed by a psychometric property study with 287 gynecological cancer survivors. Construct validity was determined using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with structural equation modeling. Convergent validity was determined using composite reliability and the average variance extracted values of the ASC model. Discriminant validity was determined by comparing the model fitness of the ASC model against the model fitness of a one-construct model. Concurrent criterion validity was assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer's Quality-of-Life Questionnaire Core 30 as the auxiliary instrument. Reliability was determined by measuring the internal consistency reliability using Cronbach's α in addition to the 3-week test–retest reliability with a 95% confidence interval of the intraclass correlation coefficient. Results: The process of translation and back-translation was performed to ensure the conceptual equivalence of the Chinese version with the original ASC questionnaire. For CFA, the fit indices of the ASC model (χ2 = 9.87, p >.05; root mean square error of approximation =.03. comparative fit index = 1, nonnormed fit index = 1) indicated appropriate model fitness. For convergent validity, the composite reliability and average variance extracted values of the ASC model were satisfactory. For discriminant validity, the model fitness of the ASC model was significantly improved over the one-construct model. For concurrent criterion validity, the ASC scores correlated negatively with the scores of the global quality of life and the five functions (physical, role, cognition, emotions, and social) of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer's Quality-of-Life Questionnaire Core 30, as hypothesized. For reliability, the Cronbach's α and the 95% confidence interval of intraclass correlation coefficient for the ASC model were.91 and [.18,.68], respectively. Conclusions/Implications for Practice: The Chinese version of the ASC questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument that is suitable for assessing FCR in gynecological cancer survivors in clinical and research settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]