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The aim was to evaluate the lifetime prevalence of conduct disorder according to sociodemographic characteristics, determine the sociodemographic predictors of conduct disorder, and estimate the rates of comorbidities of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents with conduct disorder by age and gender. The National Epidemiology of Iranian Children and Adolescents Psychiatric Disorders was a cross-sectional, general population-based study on 30,532 children and adolescents aged 6–18 years from all provinces of Iran, which was done using multistage cluster sampling. Iranian citizens aged 6–18 years who resided at least 1 year in each province were included, and children and adolescents with severe physical illnesses that prevented them to participate in the study were excluded. The sample weighting adjustment was used, since we had randomly selected the equal number of 1000 participants of each province from the urban and rural areas. Trained psychologists conducted diagnostic interviews with the adolescents and the children's parents using the Persian version of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children—Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS—PL). In this study, 54 children aged 6–9 years (0.58%, CI 0.47–0.77), 64 adolescents aged 10–14 years (0.57%, CI 0.47–0.77), and 117 adolescents aged 15–18 years (1.22%, CI 0.96–1.44) met the criteria of the lifetime conduct disorder. Conduct disorder was significantly more common in boys than in girls, and was significantly less prevalent among those participants whose fathers had no history of psychiatric hospitalization. Of the participants with conduct disorder, 83.4% met the criteria for at least one other psychiatric disorder. Conduct disorder had a high rate of comorbidity with oppositional defiant disorder (54.89%, CI 48.50–61.12), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (32.34%, CI 26.68–38.56), tobacco use (20.43%, CI 15.77–26.04), and depressive disorders (18.30%, CI 13.88–23.74). Because of using the diagnostic instrument, we found a low total rate of prevalence for conduct disorder; however, higher rates of it were observed among boys and adolescents. Further studies are needed to explore the nature of comorbidities of conduct disorder and to consider them in a large clinical population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives The aim of the present study was to explain the correlation between sleep disorders and function in children with spastic cerebral palsy (4-12 year). Materials & Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out on 62 children with spastic CP (8.98±1.46 yr) recruited from rehabilitation clinics of Tehran, Iran in 2017. The Activities Scale for Kids, The Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children and the cerebral palsy Quality of Life questionnaire for Children were utilized in this study. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results Children with sleep disorder and arousal disorders had lower family health, lower quality of life and lower level of independence in their activities (P< 0.05). Conclusion These results emphasize on the necessity of more attention about sleep disorders and family health problems in children with cerebral palsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disease of children that need a lifelong diet for its treatment. Because of the high burden of care, parents and particularly mothers are prone to mental disorders or psychiatric adverse reactions. We aimed to investigate the effect of empowerment of mothers on the burden of caring for children with PKU. Materials & Methods This was a semi-experimental (before-after with control group) study. Overall, 50 mothers of children with PKU that were referred to Endocrine Clinic in Qods Hospital of Qazvin City, northwestern Iran in 2016, were selected and randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Data collection was made by using demographic characteristics of mothers and children and also the Zarit burden interview questionnaires. Empowerment program was delivered during nine sessions of holistic and family oriented empowerment model in the intervention group. The control group received routine services. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics through SPSS software. Results In intervention group, the mean score of overall care burden and its dimensions in the mothers of children with PKU in post-test was significantly lower than the pre-test (41.20 ± 5.04 vs. 58.24 ± 3.96; P<0.001); but pre-test and post-test scores in the control group had no significant difference (58.4 ± 5.22 vs. 58.96 ± 4; P=0.327). In other words empowerment program was able to reduce the burden of caring in mothers. conclusion. Empowerment program can reduce the burden of care in mothers of children with PKU. Thus empowerment training is necessary for this group of mothers in the form of workshops and educational pamphlets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term usability refers to a special index for success of an operating system. This study aimed to determine the reliability and validity of the Software Usability Measurements Inventory (SUMI) questionnaire as one of the valid and common questionnaires about usability evaluation. The back translation method was used to translate the questionnaire from English to Persian back to English. Moreover, repeatability or test-retest reliability was practically used to determine the reliability of the SUMI questionnaire. The target population of the study consisted of all personnel of the governmental organizations in the city of Tehran, Iran, from whom 29 persons participated in the study to fill out the SUMI questionnaire. The Persian version of this questionnaire is available at designer's data bases under the title of IRSUMI_31. The obtained coefficients of reliability were 0.838 in testing step and 0.722 in re-testing step, respectively. The coefficients represented a satisfactory proof for the content validity and reliability of the questionnaire. The Persian version of SUMI questionnaire is applicable for all domestic made software as a valid and applicable factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study on the validity and reliability of the Persian version of The Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale (SSCRS). The researchers stress that despite being committed to the concept of holistic nursing, the nursing practice does not always address the spiritual needs of patients. The nurses at the Razi Psychiatric Center in Tehran, Iran participated in the study. It is said that the study has provided information on how psychiatric nurses in Iran perceive spiritual care.