Search

Workplace incivility is a serious concern in the healthcare setting worldwide. Addressing how sexism impacts this, may help administrators take action to reduce this problem and to increase safety at work. 557 nurses (63% women) read a hospital scene describing an episode of incivility from a nurse leader towards a nurse employee. They then evaluated the situation regarding their awareness, tolerance, and their beliefs toward sexism by completing a self-report questionnaire. Two distinct nurse profiles emerged: high-sensitivity and medium-sensitivity. Medium-sensitivity nurses were significantly higher in sexism in employment, and differ in their evaluation of workplace incivility from highly sensitive nurses. The majority of nurses are sensitive to workplace incivility, but those with sexist tendencies in employment are less aware and tolerate uncivil episodes to a greater extent. Training nurses to be aware of workplace incivility is necessary, especially for those demonstrating sexism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To find modifiable factors that are related to subjective well-being would be valuable for improving interventions in fibromyalgia. Physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and physical fitness may represent potential areas to optimize treatment regimens. In fibromyalgia, there is a discordance between clinical observations and patient-reported outcomes (objective and subjective assessments). Therefore, the present study aims at analyzing the associations of objective and subjective evaluations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and physical fitness with subjective well-being and determine if and how objective and subjective associations differ. In this population-based cross-sectional study participated 375 women with fibromyalgia from the al-Ándalus project (Spain). Physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and physical fitness were objectively (accelerometers and performance testing) and subjectively (questionnaires) measured. Participants self-reported their levels of positive affect, negative affect, and life satisfaction. In the most conservative multivariate analysis, we found independent associations of the objective measures of physical activity with positive affect and life satisfaction and sedentary behaviour with positive affect. No such relationship was seen with subjective measures of the same behaviours. Moreover, we observed that objective and subjective physical fitness evaluations were independent of each other related to subjective well-being. Independent associations of the objective measures (but not the subjective assessments) of physical activity with positive affect and life satisfaction, and of sedentary behaviour with positive affect were observed. However, objective measures and subjective appraisals of physical fitness appear to be independently related to well-being, which should be considered when developing physical exercise interventions for fibromyalgia. The analysis of concurrent associations of objective and subjective evaluations of physical functioning with subjective well-being offers indications for modifiable targets in rehabilitation that can improve well-being in fibromyalgia. Exercise-based rehabilitation may help women with fibromyalgia to improve subjective well-being, particularly positive affect. Rehabilitation should focus on both the objective physical performance of women with fibromyalgia and on their perceptions of what they can do physically. When rehabilitation aims at enhancing positive affect or life satisfaction by changing the lifestyle of women with fibromyalgia, physical activity and sedentary behaviour should be objectively monitored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze 1) the independent association of physical fitness, positive affect, and negative affect with the different dimensions of fatigue (general fatigue, physical fatigue, reduced activity, reduced motivation, and mental fatigue) and 2) whether the interactions of physical fitness, positive affect, and negative affect were associated with fatigue over and above the independent association. Design Cross-sectional study in 420 women with fibromyalgia. Setting Fibromyalgia associations from southern Spain. Methods Physical fitness was measured by performance-based tests, and questionnaires were used to measure positive affect, negative affect, and different dimensions of fatigue (general fatigue, physical fatigue, reduced activity, reduced motivation, and mental fatigue). Age, body mass index, and current pain level were included as potential confounders in all analyses. Results Physical fitness was independently associated with general fatigue, physical fatigue, and reduced activity (all P  ≤   0.02). Positive affect was independently associated with all fatigue dimensions (all P  <   0.001). Negative affect was independently associated with general fatigue, physical fatigue, reduced motivation, and mental fatigue (all P  ≤   0.04). The interaction of overall physical fitness and positive affect was related to general fatigue and physical fatigue (all P  ≤   0.02). Women with fibromyalgia with higher levels of overall physical fitness and positive affect showed the lowest general fatigue and physical fatigue. Conclusions In women with fibromyalgia, positive affect was independently and consistently associated with all dimensions of fatigue. The combination of higher levels of overall physical fitness and positive affect might serve as a buffer against general and physical fatigue in women with fibromyalgia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose:People with fibromyalgia experience a disagreement between patient-reported (i.e., subjective) and performance-based (i.e., objective) status. This study aimed to (i) corroborate the discordance between subjectively and objectively measured physical function and (ii) examine whether catastrophizing (worrying, pain magnifying, and helpless cognitions) and self-efficacy (believing capable to manage pain) are independently associated with this discordance. Methods:This population-based cross-sectional study included 405 women with fibromyalgia and 193 age-matched female controls. Participants completed the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Chronic Pain Self-efficacy Scale, and physical functioning subscales of the Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire and Short Form-36 (SF-36) health survey. Objective physical function was measured with the Senior Fitness Test battery. Subjective and objective physical functions were expressed as deviation from the general population in standard deviation (SD) units using means andSDof the control group. Results:In fibromyalgia, subjective physical function was worse than objective physical function (p < 0.001). Higher catastrophizing was consistently associated with greater discordance between subjective and objective physical function, while self-efficacy was only significantly associated with this discordance when subjective physical function was assessed by means of the SF-36. Conclusions:Subjective physical function is more impaired than objective physical function in fibromyalgia, yet both are markedly impaired. Catastrophizing cognitions are associated with this discordance. In particular, high catastrophizing may promote a feeling of reduced ability to do meaningful activities of daily living (i.e., restrictions) that people with fibromyalgia are actually able to. Therefore, catastrophizing should be assessed and potentially targeted when focusing on improving physical function in fibromyalgia.Implications for rehabilitationRehabilitation should focus on physical exercise programs to help women with fibromyalgia to improve their reduced physical function.In rehabilitation settings, physical function of people with fibromyalgia should be evaluated by both subjective and objective assessments to fully understand physical functioning and to test the existence of discordance between both assessments.In case of a large discordance between subjective and objective physical function, a physical exercise program might be better complemented with cognitive management techniques to reduce catastrophizing and subjective physical dysfunction.When people with fibromyalgia experience high levels of catastrophizing, subjective assessments seem to be poor indicators of physical function. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objectives. The aim of this study was to identify subgroups in terms of adaptation to FM and to test differences in FM severity between these subgroups. Methods. The al-A´ ndalus project made it possible to perform a comprehensive population-based crosssectional study in 486 FM patients including multiple assessments of modifiable (could be targeted in therapy) resilience and vulnerability factors, measured by objective and subjective assessments, related to psychological and physical function. FM severity was assessed by means of FM impact (total score of the Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire) and distress (Polysymptomatic Distress Scale of the modified 2011 preliminary criteria for FM). Exploratory factor analysis, cluster analysis and analysis of variance were conducted. Results. Factor analysis yielded eight factors: three included objective measures (declarative memory, active lifestyle and objective physical fitness) and five included subjective measures (fatigue, psychological distress, catastrophizing, resilience and subjective physical fitness). Cluster analysis based on these eight factors identified five profiles: Adapted (16%), Fit (18%), Poor performer (20%), Positive (20%) and Maladapted (26%). Most profile comparisons revealed different levels of FM severity varying from Adapted (the most favourable profile) to Maladapted (the most unfavourable profile) with Fit, Poor performer and Positive obtaining intermediate positions. Conclusions. Heterogeneity of FM was shown by five clinically meaningful profiles of modifiable factors that were associated with FM severity. It is of clinical interest to examine whether these profiles are associated with FM prognosis and the effectiveness of interventions, which would enhance the development of customized interventions based on adaptation profiles in FM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contagion of emotions is a widely accepted characteristic of transformational leaders. However, the impact they may have on the Emotional Intelligence of their subordinates is an open question. In this paper, we analyse whether Transformational Leadership (LTF) perceptions influence the Emotional Intelligence of their groups (GEI). This is a novel approach within the actual interest on emotional intelligence and its role in group results. The participants were 272 subordinates from 52 groups that belonged to different private and public organizations in Spain. They completed a questionnaire including the variables of interest. Our study helps to clarify the relations between TFL perceptions and GEI, showing that TFL and GEI relate at the group level and that TFL is one of the predictors of the perception of GEI in work settings. Thus, the development of emotionally competent transformational leaders will produce emotionally competent groups that might increase their performance, efficiency and other processes (i.e., engagement). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes whether emotional intelligence and self-monitoring are related to empathy among a sample of workers in both the public and private employment sectors. Two hundred and forty-two employees (42.5% men and 57.5% women) with a mean age of 35.21 years ( SD = 10.07, range 18-61) completed a questionnaire that measured the variables of interest. The results showed that emotion regulation, a dimension of emotional intelligence, accounts for most of the variance of empathy, followed by the ability to understand emotions and the management of others' emotions. Furthermore, gender did not yield any moderator effect on the relations among emotional intelligence, self-monitoring and empathy. We conclude that the intrapersonal aspects of emotional intelligence, in particular, emotion regulation, help explain the empathy of workers. The implications of these findings are discussed herein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]