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Background: Nurses, particularly critical care nurses, are exposed to high levels of stress and burnout. Burnout is associated with many deleterious consequences affecting health care outcomes. The present study is intended to determine the dimensions of burnout in nurses on surgical, medical and critical care units and its relationship with demographic characteristics. Methods: In this descriptive research study, performed at critical and non- critical care units, 743 nurses were randomly selected by quota sampling from medical sciences universities in Iran. Data collection instruments included a "demographic questionnaire" and the "Persian version of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. Data were analyzed using SPSS20. Results: The findings showed that regarding all dimensions, the lowest level of burnout belonged to surgical wards whereas the highest level pertained to critical care wards indicating a significant difference among various aspects of burnout in different wards, i.e., surgery, medical, and critical care. There was no significant difference in gender, academic degree, and marital status in any of the aspects of burnout in critical care units; yet, the difference was significant between surgical and medical wards (P < 0.05). There were a negative significant correlation between some dimensions of burnout with age and nursing experience in critical care and medical wards (P < 0.05). Whereas in surgical wards, there were a positive significant correlation between some aspects of burnout with nursing experience and age (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study found that the critical care nurses have significantly higher level of burnout compared to the medical-surgical nurses. These results should be considered when planning burnout prevention schedules for nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & objectives: Patient safety is a crucial factor in the provision of quality healthcare and is therefore a global health concern. It is an area in which ethical concerns and high-quality clinical practice are inextricably linked. This study investigates the effect of education around ethical principles on nurses' perception of patient safety in a psychiatric unit. Materials & methods: This pre- and post-test descriptive study was conducted in a mental health inpatient unit in a hospital in Tehran, capital of Iran, in 2018. A total of 33 nurses, selected by census sampling, participated in the study. Data was collected using a demographics questionnaire and Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC), and was analyzed with SPSS21. Results: The mean score of patient safety was 116.85 ± 9.98 before the educational intervention, 143.58 ± 7.21 immediately after intervention, and 153.12 ± 9.47 1 month after intervention. The rate of error report by most participants over the past 12 months was 3–5 and 6–10 events before intervention, and 6–10 events immediately after and 1 month after intervention. Also, 42.4% of the participants assessed patient safety after intervention as very good and 36.4% assessed it as acceptable and very good 1 month after intervention whereas most of the participants (45.5%) assessed patient safety as acceptable before intervention. Conclusion: Education on ethical principles exerts a positive effect on nurses' perception of patient safety culture. Thus, it is recommended as an effective method of promoting nurses' perception of this variable. In this way, healthcare quality and enhanced patient safety can be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the relationship between leadership style with nurse job stress and anticipated turnover. Background: An appropriate leadership style should promote the efficacy of nurses. Different leadership styles can affect nurse's job stress and the numbers of nurses leaving their workplace or their profession. Methods: In this cross‐sectional correlational study, 1,617 nurses were selected from the governmental hospitals in Iran 2016–2017. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS20. Results: Nursing Manager's leadership style was transactional leadership. Both transformational and transactional leadership style have a significant relationship with job stress and anticipate staff turnover. A positive relationship was found between a laissez‐faire leadership style with job stress and anticipated turnover. Conclusion: The transformational and transactional leadership styles can reduce nurse's job stress and intention to leave, so nurse leaders can use combination of transformational and transactional leadership for improving job satisfaction and quality of nursing services. Implications for Nursing Management: Leaders should emphasize a clear expression of values, objectives, and mission of the organisation; and try to raise confidence in employees, respecting and caring for them, supporting their views and suggestions, and being optimistic about the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To determine the relationship between ethical leadership, organisational commitment of nurses and their perception of patient safety culture. Background: Patient safety, organisational commitment and ethical leadership styles are very important for improving the quality of nursing care. Methods: In this descriptive–correlational study, 340 nurses were selected using random sampling from the hospitals in Tehran in 2016. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS v.20. Results: There was a significant positive relationship between the ethical leadership of nursing managers, perception of patient safety culture and organisational commitment. The regression analysis showed that nursing managers’ ethical leadership and nurses’ organisational commitment is a predictor of patient safety culture and confirms the relationship between the variables. Conclusion: Regarding the relationship between the nurses’ safety performance, ethical leadership and organisational commitment, it seems that the optimisation of the organisational commitment and adherence to ethical leadership by administrators and managers in hospitals could improve the nurses’ performance in terms of patient safety. Implications for Nursing Management: Implementing ethical leadership seems to be one feasible strategy to improve nurses’ organisational commitment and perception of patient safety culture. Efforts by nurse managers to develop ethical leadership reinforce organisational commitment to improve patient outcomes. Nurse managers’ engagement and performance in this process is vital for a successful result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]