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This study investigated the social participation, positive affect (PA), and negative affect (NA) of patients with hip fractures after surgery and determined their possible predictive factors. We used a cross-sectional study design to recruit 154 participants with hip fractures post-surgery. Assessment tools included the Barthel Index, the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire, the Assessment of Life Habits, and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Patients with better functioning in daily living activities experienced more social participation, higher PA, and lower NA. Patients with more positive automatic thoughts experienced more social participation and higher PA. Patients with more negative automatic thoughts experienced more social participation, lower PA, and higher NA. Early rehabilitation and psychosocial interventions should be provided for postoperative hip fracture patients to improve their activities of daily living and emotional well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sarcopenia is a common and progressive skeletal muscle condition, often described as an intermediate stage in the development of frailty and disability in patients with diabetes. This can be improved through physical activity and exercise. This descriptive phenomenological study explored the exercise experiences of older adults with diabetes and sarcopenia. Individual interviews were conducted following semi-structured interview guidelines, and narratives were analyzed using Giorgi's method. Data saturation was achieved after interviewing 14 purposively sampled older patients with diabetes and sarcopenia. The study identified three main themes: encountering difficulty during exercise, recognizing the advantages of exercise, and constructing a suitable exercise model. While older adults with diabetes and sarcopenia may encounter difficulty during exercise, they also experience positive feedback from exercise. Understanding the limitations of older adults, individualizing exercise models based on their exercise experiences, and providing appropriate interventions and necessary emotional support can effectively prevent diabetes and sarcopenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study is to explore changes in resilience and physical and psychological distress and their related factors over time in women with endometrial cancer. This study adopted a repeated measures design using purposive sampling and was conducted in a hospital in Taiwan. Data were collected before surgery, 2 weeks after surgery, and 3 months after surgery. The measured variables consisted of demographic and disease characteristics, social support, resilience, and physical and psychological distress. A total of 48 women participated in the study, of whom 42 (mean age = 54.2 years old) completed all of the questionnaires. The results showed that resilience and physical distress in women with endometrial cancer was not statistically significantly changed over time. Rather, their psychological distress was significantly alleviated 2 weeks and 3 months after surgery as compared to before surgery. Women with less social support showed a lower level of resilience. In addition, those with a lower level of resilience experienced greater psychological distress. Compared with those who received only surgical treatment, women who had undergone surgery combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy had more physical distress. Clinical medical staff should conduct continuing assessments of the resilience, physical distress, and psychological distress of women with endometrial cancer. Interventions related to resilience-enhancing and self-care should be implemented to avoid worsening or to improve women's resilience and distress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: Investigating factors that can predict medication adherence and quality of life, as well as the influence of adherence to medication on the quality of life among patients with schizophrenia. Design and Methods: This study applies descriptive cross‐sectional design. Participants were determined from outpatient clinic in a psychiatric hospital in Indonesia. Several questionnaires were used, including self‐report, Glasgow Antipsychotics Side‐effect Scale, drug attitude inventory and SQOL‐18. Findings: Side‐effect factor (p < .05) could influence medication adherence. Residential area (p < .05) could significantly influence quality of life. There was also a correlation between medication adherence and quality of life (p < .05). Practice Implications: Findings suggest to put more emphasis on assessing medication side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To cross-culturally adapt and validate the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form to Simplified Chinese (SC-IKDC-SKF).Methods: The original version was translated and cross-culturally adapted into Simplified Chinese according to standard guidelines. A total of 103 patients enrolled in our research. Each participant was asked to complete three instruments including the SC-IKDC-SKF, the Lysholm knee score, and the Short Form-36 (SF-36). Each participant was asked to complete the SC-IKDC-SKF twice with an interval of 7 days. A portion of the participants (n = 51) finished the SC-IKDC-SKF a third time with an interval of 12 months after arthroscopic treatment. Psychometric assessments included internal consistency, test-retest reliability, content and construct validity, and responsiveness.Results: Strong internal consistency was proved with Cronbach's α = 0.92. The intraclass correlation coefficient reached 0.94, indicating high test-retest reliability. No ceiling or floor effect was observed. Compared with the Lysholm knee score and the subscales of SF-36, good convergent and divergent validity of the SC-IKDC-SKF were demonstrated. The standard response mean was 2.39 and the effect size was 1.33, indicating high responsiveness.Conclusions: The SC-IKDC-SKF was demonstrated to be a reliable, valid and responsive instrument for evaluating knee functions and symptoms of patients with knee pathology in mainland China.Level Of Evidence: II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives To determine the individual and mutual predictors of the marital satisfaction of couples in which the husband experienced prostate cancer. Background Marital satisfaction of patients with prostate cancer has been insufficiently studied in Asian countries as compared with Western countries. Design This study used a prospective and repeated-measures design. Methods Seventy Taiwanese couples in which the husband had prostate cancer completed measures at 6 and 12 months post-treatment. Assessments of physical symptoms, marital satisfaction, coping behaviour and psychological distress were made. Multiple linear regression was used to analyse the data. Results The marital satisfaction of patients with prostate cancer and that of their spouses were significantly correlated. At 6 months, spouses' marital satisfaction, patients' appraisal of prostate cancer as a threat and patients' serum prostate-specific antigen levels were found to be the predictors of patients' marital satisfaction. Furthermore, patients' marital satisfaction and their spouses' psychological distress were predictors of spouses' marital satisfaction. At 12 months, spouses' marital satisfaction and patients' appraisal of prostate cancer as harm were predictors of patients' marital satisfaction. Finally, spouses' marital satisfaction (at 6 months) and appraisal of prostate cancer as a threat were predictors of spouses' marital satisfaction. Conclusions At 6 months post-treatment, patients' and spouses' marital satisfaction will influence each other. However, at 12 months, patients' marital satisfaction exerts an insignificant effect on spouses' marital satisfaction. Moreover, patients' serum prostate-specific antigen level or the negative appraisal of prostate cancer affects their marital satisfaction. Spouses' marital satisfaction is affected by psychological distress and their negative appraisal of prostate cancer. Relevance to clinical practice The results can be used to develop interventions for prostate cancer couples. Such an intervention can be used to modify couples' appraisal of prostate cancer by changing incorrect thinking or to ease the psychological distress to improve marital satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To explore the relationship between body constitution (BC) types and weight change in patients with schizophrenia and who underwent second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) treatment. Method. Body weight and waist circumference of eighty-five participants were measured for 6 consecutive weeks. Constitutions of Yin-Xu, Yang-Xu, and Stasis were assessed using the Body Constitution Questionnaire (BCQ). Results. Participants with body constitutions Yin-Xu (50.6%), Yang-Xu (49.4%), or Stasis (38.8%) exhibited worse physical condition and unhealthy daily habits, particularly in Stasis constitution. Moreover, Stasis constitution was significantly associated with several factors, including BMI, body weight, waist circumference, perception of stress, perception of health, staying up late, and less physical exercise. However, perception of stress showed significant difference in Yin-Xu, Yang-Xu, and Stasis. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis revealed that significant time effects in body weight increase in the imbalanced BC types and gentleness BC type. SGAs induced weight gain in imbalanced BC type as well as gentleness BC type, especially treated with olanzapine. Conclusions. This is the first study to explore the longitudinal relationship between BC and weight gain in schizophrenia patients undergoing SGAs treatment. Health care providers should focus on weight gain problems in schizophrenia patients who underwent SGAs treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We evaluated changes in psychosocial adjustment over time and its associated factors in prostate cancer patients. A total of 69 patients with prostate cancer were surveyed at pre-diagnosis, 1 month and 6 months post-treatment. The questionnaires distributed to the patients consisted of the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale and the UCLA Prostate Cancer Index. The generalized estimating equations were used to analyse the collected data. The results of adjustments to psychological distress, the domestic environment and the social environment worsened post-treatment. However, the adjustment to health-care orientation was worst at the time of pre-diagnosis and improved during post-treatment. Patients who perceived an unfavourable health status reported poor adjustment in psychological distress. Patients exhibiting poor urinary function poorly adjusted to the domestic environment. Patients with sexual dysfunction exhibited poor adjustment to the social environment. Patients with low education demonstrated poor adjustment to health-care orientation. Further studies should assess the psychosocial adjustment among prostate cancer patients and provide interventions following pre-diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To compare the clinical efficacy and radiological outcome of treating 4-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) with either anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) or “skip” corpectomy and fusion, 48 patients with 4-level CSM who had undergone ACDF or SCF at our hospital were analyzed retrospectively between January 2008 and June 2011. Twenty-seven patients received ACDF (Group A) and 21 patients received SCF. Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, Neck Disability Index (NDI) score, and Cobb’s angles of the fused segments and C2-7 segments were compared in the two groups. The minimum patient follow-up was 2 years. No significant differences between the groups were found in demographic and baseline disease characteristics, duration of surgery, or follow-up time. Our study demonstrates that there was no significant difference in the clinical efficacy of ACDF and SCF, but ACDF involves less intraoperative blood loss, better cervical spine alignment, and fewer postoperative complications than SCF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives. To explore suicide predictors in rural outpatients with schizophrenia. Background. Suicide is a major cause of mortality in patients with schizophrenia. Evidence indicates that patients in rural areas are at high risk for inadequate health care services. However, information is limited on suicide risk in outpatients with schizophrenia in rural areas. Design. Cross-sectional survey. Methods. Data were collected on individuals enrolled in the 2007 Taiwan National Health Insurance program as diagnosed with schizophrenia, ≥18 years, and living in a rural county. Eligible individuals ( n = 1655) were assessed by 12 community-based nurses at 12 public health centres. Participants' personal information was retrieved from National Health Insurance records using a personal data sheet, and treatment experiences were obtained by interviewing patients with a 10-item risk-assessment inventory. Data were collected over 18 months (2007-2008) and analysed by descriptive statistics and regression analyses. Results. Risk of suicide attempt in the previous year had four significant predictors: number of self-harm incidents during the previous year, violent incidents towards others during the previous year, number of follow-ups by mental health clinics and number of involuntary hospitalisations during the previous year ( R2 = 0·337, adjusted R2 = 0·334, F = 133·19, p = 0·000). Conclusion. Health care providers should assess rural outpatients with schizophrenia for suicidal thoughts by asking simple questions to evaluate for a history of self-harm and violence and by comparing this information with health system data on follow-ups by mental health clinics and involuntary hospitalisations. Relevance to clinical practice. Community-based health providers may use these results to prioritise assessments when they have a high case load of patients with schizophrenia. Community-based nurses need to be trained to recognise these four predictors to increase their sensitivity to suicidality among patients with schizophrenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/purpose: Physical activity has benefits for reducing levels of anxiety. However, factors that affect physical activity participation for individuals with anxiety disorders have not been well studied. Here, we aimed to clarify the roles of state and trait anxiety in physical activity participation by examining relationships among seven major study variables in Taiwanese adults with anxiety disorders.Methods: A multi-site, cross-sectional explanatory design was used. Data were collected using one interview and five self-administered questionnaires. The sample included 144 Taiwanese adults diagnosed with anxiety disorders.Results: State and trait anxiety were significantly correlated with most of the study variables. Physical activity participation by subjects with anxiety disorders was significantly correlated with state anxiety, benefits of activity, self-efficacy for activity, and social support for activity. When age, sex, and education were controlled in the analysis, state anxiety was associated significantly and negatively with physical activity, benefits of activity, and self-efficacy for activity, and was correlated positively with barriers to activity. Trait anxiety was found to be correlated significantly and negatively with benefits of activity and self-efficacy for activity, and correlated positively with barriers to activity.Conclusion: State anxiety demonstrated greater power than trait anxiety in its relationship with physical activity. These findings suggest that clinical mental health professionals should consider state anxiety when encouraging Taiwanese adults with anxiety disorders to engage in physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]