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Aim: This study aims firstly to identify shifts in the execution of medical tasks by nurses in the past decade. Secondly, it aims to explore nurses' perspectives on task shifting: how they think task shifting affects the quality of care, the attractiveness of nursing practice and their collaboration with physicians. Design: A quantitative repeated cross‐sectional study. Methods: A nationwide survey was conducted among Dutch registered nurses (RNs) working in hospitals and home care, first in 2012 and again in 2022, with sample sizes of 359 and 362, respectively. Analyses were based on descriptive statistics and logistic and linear regressions. Results: Between 2012 and 2022, there was a significant increase in the execution of only one medical task by nurses, namely prescribing over‐the‐counter medication. The majority reported in both years that task shifting has positive impact on their professional autonomy and the attractiveness of nursing practice. However, most nurses also reported that task shifting increased their workload (72.7% in 2022) could lead to conflicts in care teams (20.9% in 2022 compared to 14.7% in 2012) and may cause physicians to feel threatened (32.8% in 2022 and 29.9% in 2012). There were no significant changes in nurses' perception of the impact of task shifting on quality of care, the attractiveness of nursing practice and the nurse–physician relationship. Conclusion: There was an increase in the execution of prescribing over‐the‐counter‐medication by nurses between 2012 and 2022. However, both in 2012 and in 2022, as the majority of nurses reported that task shifting increased their workload, there is reason to worry about this negative consequence of task shifting, e.g. with regard to labour market issues. Further research, also among the medical profession, is needed to better understand and address the implications of task shifting for the nursing profession. Implications for the Profession: Implications for the nursing profession include potential scope expansion with complex tasks, attracting more individuals to nursing careers, although an eye must also be kept on what that means for the workload of nurses and the relationship with physicians. Impact: Nurse prescribing medicines was more executed in 2022 compared to 2012. Nurses had a predominantly positive perspective on task shifting, but still felt it can cause conflicts in care teams, high workload and physicians feeling threatened. These results can help during implementation of task shifting and in monitoring the perceived effects of task shifting among nurses. Reporting Method: This study followed the STROBE reporting guideline for cross‐sectional studies. Patient or Public Contribution: No Patient or Public Contribution. This study focussed on the task shifting (perspectives) of nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conflicts are common in adolescent friendships and romantic relationships. The ways girls in care navigate conflicts in close relationships have implications for their resilience, since their family relationships are compromised. We employed qualitative and quantitative approaches to explore the conflicts in the friend and romantic relationships of 37 girls in care. They completed an interview about the conflicts with their best friend and boyfriend and a measure on the positive and negative quality of the friendship and romantic relationship within which the conflicts took place. Thematic analysis indicated the girls experienced more intense and volatile conflicts with their boyfriend than best friend. However, the intensity of these conflicts was mitigated by their positive perceptions in their quantitative reports. Despite conflicts, the girls reported significantly higher levels of positive than negative relationship quality within their romantic relationships and similar levels of negative quality between the two relationships. Findings highlight the girls' struggles with their romantic relationship compared to their friendship and especially their attempts to interpret conflict within a more global assessment of relationship quality. The findings provide a nuanced understanding of the girls' relational patterns, which can be used to inform interventions to support their development of healthy relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of European Journal of Social Work is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In‐between groups encompass individuals who simultaneously belong to social categories that are often seen as mutually exclusive in addition to maintaining their distinct group identity. The current paper sheds light on how members of in‐between groups manage their relations within intergroup conflicts. Three studies were conducted among the Druze minority in Israel, a group that is ethnically Arab and shares the Arab identity with the Arab–Palestinian minority in Israel and simultaneously identifies as Israeli. In Study 1 (N = 300), we found that identification as Druze was positively associated with the identification as Arab and Israeli. In Study 2, we examined Druze's endorsement of conflict narratives compared to Jewish‐Israeli and Palestinian citizens (N = 271). While the latter participants endorsed their ingroup narrative more than the outgroup narrative, Druze participants endorsed both narratives equally. In Study 3, we tested Druze's solidarity with the Palestinian minority against the 2018 Nation‐State Law. We found that overall, Druze participants (N = 568) endorsed more inclusive amendments that benefited the Druze and Palestinians than exclusive amendments that benefited the Druze only. In all studies, we tested the role of identification with the rival groups. We discuss these findings and suggest possible underlying mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Return-to-work coordinators (RTWCs) give people on sick leave individualized support and coordinate between different stakeholders, including physicians. The aim of this study was to explore physicians' experience of RTWCs and investigate factors that influence how much physicians collaborate with RTWCs, or refer patients to them, in primary, orthopaedic, and psychiatric care clinics. Materials and methods: Of the 1229 physicians responding to a questionnaire, 629 physicians who had access to a RTWC in their clinic answered to questions about collaborating with RTWCs. Results: Among physicians who had access to a RTWC, 29.0% collaborated with a RTWC at least once a week. Physicians with a more favourable experience of RTWCs reported more frequent collaboration (adjusted OR 2.92, 95% CI 2.06–4.15). Physicians also collaborated more often with RTWCs if they reported to often deal with problematic sick-leave cases, patients with multiple diagnoses affecting work ability, and conflicts with patients over sickness certification. Conclusions: Physicians who had more problematic sick-leave cases to handle and a favourable experience of RTWCs, also reported collaborating more often with RTWCs. The results indicate that RTWCs' facilitation of contacts with RTW stakeholders and improvements in the sickness certification process may be of importance for physicians. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: This study of physicians' experience of collaborating with return-to-work coordinators (RTWCs) observes that physicians reported more collaboration with or referrals to coordinators if they had a favourable experience of coordinators. The results indicate that physicians report more collaboration with or referrals to RTWCs if they had more problematic sick-leave cases to handle in the clinic. These findings imply that it might be possible to increase the collaboration between physicians and RTWCs in clinical settings by managing factors of importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A lack of resistance resources in the family, such as a lack of sibling support, might cause the family to be more prone to family crises; however, little if anything is known about whether being the only child will influence the experience of work–family conflict (a family crisis). Using an online questionnaire sample of 622 Chinese employees, we investigated the influence of only child status on work–family conflict and further explored the moderating effect of only child status on the relationship between work–family conflict and its performance outcomes. Analyses revealed that being the only child would spend less time on family responsibilities, thereby decreasing the level of family-to-work conflict; in addition, being the only child would ease the negative impact of work-to-family conflict on family performance. The recommendations for future studies, implications of this study, and the need for further research on only child's work–family conflict experience are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Depressive symptoms among nurses have been a significant public health concern. Although many studies have demonstrated the potential relationship between interpersonal conflict at work and depressive symptoms, the mechanisms underlying this relationship among nurses remain unclear. Based on the theoretical and empirical research, this study aimed to investigate the multiple mediating effects of negative emotion at work and meaning in life on the relationship between interpersonal conflict at work and depressive symptoms among nurses. Methods: An online multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in 15 hospitals from different geographical areas of Hunan Province, China, from December 2021 to February 2022. A total of 1754 nurses completed validated self-reported questionnaires, including their sociodemographic information, interpersonal conflict at work, negative emotions at work, meaning in life, and depressive symptoms. Descriptive statistics analysis, Spearman's correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and chain mediation analysis were performed using IBM SPSS software (version 29) and Mplus software (version 8). Results: There were significant correlations between interpersonal conflict at work, negative emotions at work, meaning in life, and depressive symptoms (r = -0.206 ~ 0.518, all p < 0.01). Interpersonal conflict at work had a statistically significantly direct effect on depressive symptoms (β = 0.061; 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.011 ~ 0.126, p = 0.039). Analysis of mediating effects revealed that interpersonal conflict at work also influenced depressive symptoms through two statistically significantly indirect pathways: (a) the mediating effect of negative emotions at work (β = 0.167; 95% CI: 0.138 ~ 0.195, p < 0.001) and (b) the chain mediating effect between negative emotions at work and meaning in life (β = 0.008; 95% CI: 0.003 ~ 0.013, p = 0.005). Conclusion: Interpersonal conflict at work has a direct positive effect on depressive symptoms among nurses. Meanwhile, interpersonal conflict at work can influence depressive symptoms among nurses through the mediating effect of negative emotions at work and the chain mediating effect between negative emotions at work and meaning in life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study used longitudinal survey data of Filipino American and Korean American youth in the Chicago Metropolitan area (N = 786, MAGE = 15.00, SD = 1.91 at Wave 1 in 2014) to examine whether and how a set of organized predictors (i.e., universal predictors of youth outcomes and cultural orientations) independently and collectively explains internalizing and externalizing problems and academic performance. The results were that universal predictors such as youth antisocial beliefs, peer antisocial behaviors, and the quality of parent–child relations, were extensively predictive of youth outcomes in the expected directions. The magnitudes of universal predictors were largely unchanged when bilinear and multidimensional cultural orientation variables were accounted for together. The magnitudes of cultural orientation variables were slightly attenuated in full models but showed independent associations with youth outcomes. Specifically, English and heritage language proficiencies were protective of externalizing and internalizing problems. Behavioral practices in respective cultures increased youth problems. In addition, ethnic identity, although beneficial to mental health, can increase externalizing problems. The findings of this study provide insights into understanding the mixed outcomes among Asian Americans and important empirical evidence that can inform intervention programs to prevent youth problems, ultimately toward a pathway to positive youth development among Asian American youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following case study demonstrates the potential of a culturally sensitive, integrated model of marital therapy intervention designed and developed using data from and research done in India. This integrated approach utilizes humanistic-existential approaches as the base frame of reference and techniques from the approaches falling within the theoretical frame of systemic and social constructionist approaches have been assimilated into it. The model is called the Indian model for Attunement To Tackle Active Conflict And Helplessness with married couples (I-ATTACH). This case demonstrates the application of the approach with a couple married for 2 years who saw an escalation of marital problems leading to talks of separation post the birth of their child 6 months ago. The couple completed both pre-treatment and post-treatment assessment measures that included a self-reported standardized questionnaire, a 5 point scaled questionnaire designed by the authors and a semi-structured questionnaire to assess for the couple's assessment regarding the effectiveness of the intervention. After the pre-treatment assessment, the couple engaged in 16 joint and 2 individual intervention sessions of I-ATTACH. A description of the model and the stage-wise progress of the couple is discussed and the assessment data presented for both pre-treatment and post-treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This mixed‐method study of 1,374 Russian‐speaking immigrants living in Finland investigated how different characteristics of their socio‐political integration are reflected in their attitudes towards supporting Ukraine during the war. The results of survey responses showed that trust in Finnish media and engagement with Finnish societal issues predicted stronger 'pro‐Ukraine' attitudes (i.e., support for Finland's aid for Ukraine and condemning of Russia's invasion), while experiences of increased hate speech or discrimination of Russian speakers in Finland were related to weaker 'pro‐Ukraine' attitudes. Next, person‐centred analysis identified three socio‐political integration clusters. High Integration cluster respondents highly supported Ukraine as compared to Critical and Low Integration clusters. Critical Integration respondents were somewhat more integrated than Low Integration respondents, except they felt that discrimination towards Russian speakers had increased due to the war. Analyses of open‐ended responses confirmed that Critical Integration respondents were most likely concerned with discrimination. Low integration respondents had ambivalent attitudes in that many were opposed to the war but felt that Western countries were also responsible. Our findings highlight the role of socio‐political integration – and especially perceived discrimination – in shaping immigrants' political views during political turmoil. Receiving societies should promote non‐discrimination and inclusiveness to mitigate intergroup conflicts in societies with significant diasporic communities. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term Proteus effect refers to the changes in attitudes and behavior induced by the characteristics of an embodied virtual agent. Whether the effect can extend to the moral sphere is currently unknown. To deal with this issue, we investigated if embodying virtual agents (i.e., avatars) with different characteristics modulate people's moral standards differentially. Participants were requested to embody an avatar resembling the Christian God in His anthropomorphic appearance or a control human avatar and to perform a text-based version of incidental and instrumental dilemmas in a virtual environment. For each participant, we recorded (1) chosen options (deontological vs. utilitarian), (2) decision times, (3) postdecision feelings, and (4) physiological reactions (skin conductance response and heart rate). We found that embodying God vs. a control avatar did not change the performance in the moral dilemma task, indicating that no strong Proteus effect was at play in our experimental conditions. We interpreted this result by examining the constraints and limitations of our task, reasoning about the necessary conditions for eliciting the Proteus effect, and discussing future developments and advances in the field. Moreover, we presented compelling effects concerning dilemma type, chosen option, personality traits, and religion affiliation, thus supporting and extending literature on decision making in moral dilemmas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This cross-sectional, case-control study aimed to explore the psychodynamic characteristics that influenced adolescents' mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Personality structure impairments, psychodynamic conflicts, defense styles, and mental health issues were examined using the OPD-Structure- and Conflict-Questionnaires, the Defense Style Questionnaire, and the Patient Health Questionnaire in adolescents before (n = 288) and after (n = 451) the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Results: Adolescents with mental health issues exhibited greater impairments in personality structure, more immature defense styles, and higher levels of psychodynamic conflicts both before and after the pandemic onset. Comparisons between pre-pandemic and pandemic samples indicated a lower level of the conflict of taking care of oneself versus being cared for in passive mode among adolescents during the pandemic. In-depth analysis of adolescents with mental health issues from the pandemic group revealed significant associations between personality structure impairments and a maladaptive defense style with somatoform, depressive, anxiety, eating, and alcohol use disorders. Conclusion: The findings provide clinically relevant insights into the psychodynamic factors that contributed to the psychological vulnerability of adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. These insights can guide the development of targeted psychodynamic interventions to support adolescents' mental health in similar future crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has shown that moral emotions interact with self-control and unstructured socializing in explaining rule-breaking behavior. High levels of moral emotions appear to weaken the effects of both self-control and unstructured socializing, in explaining rule-breaking behavior. The current study examined whether these interactions also affect rule-breaking behavior that is explicitly committed with friends. In addition, three operationalizations of moral emotions were distinguished. Data were collected from N = 169 adolescents (54% female; mean = 14.95 years; SD = 1.7) using a self-report questionnaire battery. Results indicate that high levels of anticipated emotions in moral conflicts (AEMC) attenuate the effect of low self-control on one's own rule-breaking behavior. In contrast, high levels of both guilt- and shame-proneness enhanced the effect of unstructured socializing on one's own and rule-breaking with friends. The limitations of the study, ideas for future research, and practical implications are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social workers worldwide share a common framework and mission: to provide aid to those in need and promote social justice. Yet as an international profession, both global and local realities contribute to the unique ways in which the profession is understood and practised in various locations. This article considers the broad issue of how local and global realities shape social workers' understanding of the profession using the case of Israeli-Jewish social workers as an exemplar. Narrative and life story methods were used to understand individual life stories within collective political and professional contexts. Sixteen Jewish-Israeli social workers participated in two, individual zoom interviews each in which they described becoming a social worker and practising in the context of an intractable conflict, the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Three approaches to social work practice emerged, suggesting that social work in Israel has shifted away from applying ecological perspectives, limiting both how social workers understand their roles and how they practise. Recommendations for incorporating a politically aware framework to social work practice, research and education are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) has long recognized and championed increasing diversity within the surgical workplace. SAGES initiated the Fundamentals of Leadership Development (FLD) Curriculum to address these needs and to provide surgeon leaders with the necessary tools and skills to promote diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in surgical practice. In 2019, the American College of Surgeons issued a request for anti-racism initiatives which lead to the partnering of the two societies. The primary goal of FLD was to create the first surgeon-focused leadership curriculum dedicated to DEI. The rationale/development of this curriculum and its evaluation/feedback methods are detailed in this White Paper. Methods: The FLD curriculum was developed by a multidisciplinary task force that included surgeons, education experts, and diversity consultants. The curriculum development followed the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation (ADDIE) instructional design model and utilized a problem-based learning approach. Competencies were identified, and specific learning objectives and assessments were developed. The implementation of the curriculum was designed to be completed in short intervals (virtual and in-person). Post-course surveys used the Kirkpatrick's model to evaluate the curriculum and provide valuable feedback. Results: The curriculum consisted of interactive online modules, an online discussion forum, and small group interactive sessions focused in three key areas: (1) increasing pipeline of underrepresented individuals in surgical leadership, (2) healthcare equity, and (3) conflict negotiation. By focusing on positive action items and utilizing a problem-solving approach, the curriculum aimed to provide a framework for surgical leaders to make meaningful changes in their institutions and organizations. Conclusion: The FLD curriculum is a novel leadership curriculum that provided surgeon leaders with the knowledge and tools to improve diversity in three areas: pipeline improvement, healthcare equity, and conflict negotiation. Future directions include using pilot course feedback to enhance curricular effectiveness and delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the significance of a novel coding system for evaluating hyperactivation, deactivation, and anomalous content in the Attachment Script Assessment for romantic relationship functioning. In a sample of 208 couples (69% White, Mage 28.7 years), we tested whether ASA hyperactivation and deactivation were associated with theoretically relevant correlates, including observed behavior, parasympathetic reactivity, self-reported affective reactivity to conflict, and relationship satisfaction. Exploratory analyses examined associations of secure base script knowledge (SBSK) and anomalous content with these outcomes. ASA hyperactivation and deactivation were associated with behavioral, physiological, and self-reported functioning in theory-consistent ways. Anomalous content was not associated with romantic functioning. SBSK was associated with satisfaction, but this was not robust to covariates. Findings support the predictive validity of the hyperactivation and deactivation dimensions and suggest that these scales complement SBSK, enabling researchers to assess a wider range of behavioral and physiological indicators associated with distinctive forms of attachment insecurity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We remind people of the complex impact of interpersonal stressors with different valences by exploring how employees respond to different interpersonal stressors, and elucidate the role of two popular copings used during off-the-job recovery time, namely, positive work reflection and psychological detachment. Borrowed from the task-related challenge-hindrance stressors classification, we similarly reconstruct interpersonal stressors, examining interpersonal challenge (e.g., emotional demands) and hindrance stressors (e.g., interpersonal conflict). Guided by affective events theory, we build a moderated mediation model exploring the impact of interpersonal challenge and hindrance stressors on work engagement and job burnout via positive and negative affect, depending on individual coping behaviors. Health care professionals (N = 169) completed four waves of survey-based data collection. Using structural equation modeling, we found that positive work reflection buffered the impact of interpersonal challenge stressors (i.e., emotional demands) on reduced work engagement via reduced positive affect. However, psychological detachment strengthened the impact of interpersonal hindrance stressors (i.e., interpersonal conflict) on deteriorated burnout via increased negative affect. In other words, coping mechanisms that work for task stressors may not be effective in addressing interpersonal stressors. We recommend that employees carefully weigh the potential costs and benefits of adopting recovery strategies when dealing with different interpersonal stressors. We also recommend future researchers assess potentially positive elements of interpersonal challenges carefully. Theoretical implications and future research directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Attending college involves a stressful period of adaptation for many first-year college students. The aim of the current study was to better understand the relationship among maladaptive perfectionism, daily hassles, and depressive symptoms. Participants: The sample comprised 454 Chinese first-year college students. Methods: All participants completed a battery of questionnaires including the Almost Perfect Scale-Revised, the Chinese College Student Psychological Stress Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory. Results: Conflicts with roommates, forming the bad habits, and difficulties in learning were the top three stressful daily hassles. Maladaptive perfectionism predicts daily hassles, which in turn predicts depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Maladaptive perfectionism asserts its effects on depressive symptoms of first-year college students experiencing minor events on a daily basis. Implications for school educators and counselors and directions of future research are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An extensive body of literature shows how people deal with conflicts, verbally and nonverbally, in interpersonal interactions. However, the role of technologically-mediated communication (TMC) in romantic relational conflict has received less attention. Through the lenses of Relational Turbulence and Expectancy Violations Theories, this study explored how a chronemic expectancy violation from a romantic partner impacts emotional well-being in a TMC-involved conflict discussion. Two online questionnaires were distributed. First, a pilot study was conducted to understand the basic online communication dynamics between emerging adult romantic partners (e.g., usual response latency) and possible emotions when they experience a chronemic expectancy violation from their partner on TMC. Results show that people are likely to experience negative affect and other specific emotions (e.g., disillusion, loneliness, frustration, hurt, anger) if their partner takes longer than expected to respond. The main study then further explored how individuals' expectations differ in a hypothetical TMC-involved conflict scenario where they use text-based TMC to discuss a recent romantic conflict with their partners. Participants were instructed to imagine a chronemic expectancy violation whereby their partner does not respond within their expected time period (i.e., conflict expected latency) and report their feelings about it. Results show that people expect their partners to respond more rapidly in the conflict scenario than usual and report negative feelings after the expectancy violations. Conflict-specific (e.g., seriousness), personal (e.g., attachment anxiety and avoidance), and relational (e.g., commitment) variables also influence the intensity of their emotional experiences. This research enhances comprehension of nonverbal cues in text-based TMC and potential emotional repercussions in romantic conflict management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients often desire involvement in anesthesia decisions, yet clinicians rarely explain anesthesia options or elicit preferences. We developed My Anesthesia Choice-Hip Fracture, a conversation aid about anesthesia options for hip fracture surgery and tested its preliminary efficacy and acceptability. Methods: We developed a 1-page, tabular format, plain-language conversation aid with feedback from anesthesiologists, decision scientists, and community advisors. We conducted an online survey of English-speaking adults aged 50 and older. Participants imagined choosing between spinal and general anesthesia for hip fracture surgery. Before and after viewing the aid, participants answered a series of questions regarding key outcomes, including decisional conflict, knowledge about anesthesia options, and acceptability of the aid. Results: Of 364/409 valid respondents, mean age was 64 (SD 8.9) and 59% were female. The proportion indicating decisional conflict decreased after reviewing the aid (63–34%, P < 0.001). Median knowledge scores increased from 50% correct to 67% correct (P < 0.001). 83% agreed that the aid would help them discuss options and preferences. 76.4% would approve of doctors using it. Conclusion: My Anesthesia Choice-Hip Fracture decreased decisional conflict and increased knowledge about anesthesia choices for hip fracture surgery. Respondents assessed it as acceptable for use in clinical settings. Practice implications: Use of clinical decision aids may increase shared decision-making; further testing is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This exploratory study was intended to investigate the design and feasibility of using a web virtual reality based social learning space for autistic children at home. The researchers of the current study developed and implemented an open-source, web virtual reality based learning program for children with autism. Endorsing mixed-method convergent parallel design, we collected both qualitative and quantitative data from four autistic children, including repeated measures of social skills performance, self- and parent-reported social and communication competence, observation notes, and individual interviews. The study found preliminary evidence for a positive impact of deploying a virtual reality-based social sandbox on the practice and development of complex social skills for autistic children. All participants showed significant reduced social communication impairments from the pre- to the post-intervention phases. Nevertheless, participants' social skills performance in the virtual world was mediated by two social task design features—external goal structure and individualization. Play- and design-oriented social tasks in the three-dimensional virtual world framed meaningful social experiences or the naturalistic intervention for social skills development. Positive impacts of using a virtual reality-based social sandbox on complex social skills development for autistic children. Social task design features mediate social skills performance of autistic children. Purposeful environment arrangement creates a naturalistic intervention for autism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Investigación en Salud VIVE is the property of Revista de Investigacion en Salud VIVE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To describe and identify associated factors for patient–clinician discordance of disease assessment at biologic or Janus kinase inhibitor (JAKi) initiation and over 12 months following initiation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from a US RA registry. Methods: Analyses included CorEvitas RA Registry patients who initiated their first biologic or JAKi on or after February 1, 2015, and had 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up visits. Positive discordance was defined as patient global assessment (visual analog scale [VAS‐100]) minus physician's global assessment (VAS‐100) equal to 30 points or more. Persistent discordance was defined as positive discordance at all three visits. Mixed‐effects logistic regression was used to determine risk factors for positive discordance at initiation and for persistent discordance. Results: Among 2227 first‐time biologic/JAKi‐initiating patients, 613 had both follow‐up visits available and were included in initiation visit analyses, and of these, 163 had positive discordance at initiation and were included in persistent discordance analyses. About 30% of all patients had positive discordance at any visit, and one third of these (10% total) were persistent at all three visits. Multivariable analyses revealed that worse scores on the Clinical Disease Activity Index, greater patient‐reported pain and fatigue, and greater functional impairment were associated with positive discordance at the time of therapy initiation. Being disabled versus working full‐time and being female were associated with higher odds and having Medicare versus no insurance was associated with lower odds of having persistent positive discordance. Conclusion: Results suggest positive discordance is common among real‐world patients with RA initiating their first biologic or JAKi. The identified risk factors associated with patient–clinician discordance will help clinicians foster a more patient‐centric discussion in treatment decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Family caregivers of people with Alzheimer's disease experience conflicts as they navigate health care but lack training to resolve these disputes. We sought to develop and pilot test an artificial‐intelligence negotiation training program, NegotiAge, for family caregivers. Methods: We convened negotiation experts, a geriatrician, a social worker, and community‐based family caregivers. Content matter experts created short videos to teach negotiation skills. Caregivers generated dialogue surrounding conflicts. Computer scientists utilized the dialogue with the Interactive Arbitration Guide Online (IAGO) platform to develop avatar‐based agents (e.g., sibling, older adult, physician) for caregivers to practice negotiating. Pilot testing was conducted with family caregivers to assess usability (USE) and satisfaction (open‐ended questions with thematic analysis). Results: Development: With NegotiAge, caregivers progress through didactic material, then receive scenarios to negotiate (e.g., physician recommends gastric tube, sibling disagrees with home support, older adult refusing support). Caregivers negotiate in real‐time with avatars who are designed to act like humans, including emotional tactics and irrational behaviors. Caregivers send/receive offers, using tactics until either mutual agreement or time expires. Immediate feedback is generated for the user to improve skills training. Pilot testing: Family caregivers (n = 12) completed the program and survey. USE questionnaire (Likert scale 1–7) subset scores revealed: (1) Useful—Mean 5.69 (SD 0.76); (2) Ease—Mean 5.24 (SD 0.96); (3) Learn—Mean 5.69 (SD 0.74); (4) Satisfy—Mean 5.62 (SD 1.10). Items that received over 80% agreements were: It helps me be more effective; It helps me be more productive; It is useful; It gives me more control over the activities in my life; It makes the things I want to accomplish easier to get done. Participants were highly satisfied and found NegotiAge fun to use (91.7%), with 100% who would recommend it to a friend. Conclusion: NegotiAge is an Artificial‐Intelligent Caregiver Negotiation Program, that is usable and feasible for family caregivers to become familiar with negotiating conflicts commonly seen in health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adverse prenatal diagnoses, regardless of the women's choice of continuing the pregnancy or terminating it, can impact a women's psychological and psychosocial wellbeing. Supportive interventions during this time are important. However, understanding what is deemed useful and best practice is complex and multifaceted. To understand the need for support during this time, the authors undertook a research study where 12 women were interviewed. The women spoke about feeling pressured by time in making a decision regarding their pregnancy option and having limited psychoeducation and support provided. They also spoke about post-traumatic growth in their grief experience. To assist health professionals, the authors have addressed the following areas in the study's findings and discussion sections: the lack of appropriate information delivery skills of the professionals, the need for an assessment of each woman's unique needs, the need for appropriate referrals to be given, and the need for appropriate follow-ups of the women. The SARF (Skills, Assessment, Referral, and Follow-up) model, presented in this article as a synthesis of this research, has the potential to inform the development of clinical services and social work practice to support women's care following adverse prenatal diagnosis. IMPLICATIONS Psychosocial assessments are vital in providing good quality care to women after a poor prenatal diagnosis. The model can provide guidance to ensure that psychosocial assessments and explorations of values are undertaken before referring women to follow-up services. Given social workers' experience in providing psychosocial assessments and their recommendations, social work clinicians should be utilised in health settings to their full scope of practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metacognition is important for self‐regulated learning, and it has recently been argued that it may play an important role in self‐control more generally. We studied multiple aspects of metacognition in self‐control, namely metacognitive knowledge including a person's repertoire ("toolbox") of different self‐regulatory strategies, metacognitive regulation (planning, monitoring, and evaluation), and polyregulation (using more self‐regulatory strategies in a single self‐control conflict) as predictors of people's self‐control success in daily life. In a preregistered experience sampling study, N = 503 participants reported their self‐control conflicts up to eight times per day for 10 days, yielding 9,639 reports of daily self‐control conflicts. Analyses showed that higher levels of metacognitive knowledge, planning, monitoring, evaluation, and polyregulation as well as a larger strategy repertoire were associated with higher levels of success in resolving daily self‐control conflicts. Additionally, higher levels of trait self‐control were associated with higher levels of metacognitive knowledge, planning, and monitoring. These findings highlight the importance of metacognition and polyregulation for successful self‐control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parental burnout is a condition resulting from chronic stress related to one's parental role. Based on current research advances, family functioning forms a crucial part of the antecedents that influence parental burnout. However, there is a paucity of literature on the mechanisms by which family functioning affects parental burnout and how the factors in family functioning interact and influence each other. The present study aimed to explore the potential indirect association between marital satisfaction and parental burnout through the mediating role of parents' coparenting support. Furthermore, the study examined whether grandparents' coparenting played a moderating role in the relationship between parents' coparenting support and parental burnout. A total of 673 parents of preschool children completed questionnaires assessing marital satisfaction, parental burnout, and the quality of both parents' and grandparents' coparenting relationships. The results revealed that marital satisfaction was indirectly associated with parental burnout through parents' coparenting support. Additionally, parents' coparenting support interacted with grandparents' coparenting conflicts in influencing parental burnout. This study highlights the significance of high satisfaction marriage relationships in alleviating parental burnout through parents' coparenting support. Moreover, it underscores the importance of both parents' and grandparents' coparenting relationships in parental adjustment. These findings emphasize the role of coparenting in understanding parental burnout and suggest the potential application of family systems theory and risks and resources theory to explain and predict the effects of family functioning on parental burnout. Highlights: This study examines how marital satisfaction, coparenting between parents and grandparents, and parental burnout are interconnected. High marital satisfaction alleviates parental burnout through parents' coparenting support. A higher level of grandparents' coparenting conflict strengthens the buffering effect of strong parents' coparenting support against parental burnout. An integrated model is introduced, combining family function, family system, and risks and resources theories, to explain the occurrence of parental burnout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People who are incarcerated are at heightened risk of overdose upon community reentry. Virtual reality (VR) may provide an innovative tool for overdose prevention intervention in corrections facilities. This mixed methods study sought to understand incarcerated individuals' perspectives on VR for overdose prevention and explore physiological arousal associated with use of VR equipment. Study participants were 20 individuals, stratified by gender, with an opioid use disorder at a county jail. Qualitative interviews assessed acceptability and perceived utility of VR in the jail setting. Thematic analysis indicated high levels of acceptability and potential utility in the following areas: (a) mental health and substance use interventions, (b) community reentry skills training, and (c) communication and conflict resolution skills. Heart rate variability (HRV) data were collected continuously during the interview and during VR exposure to explore whether exposure to the VR environment provoked arousal. Physiological data analyses showed a significant decrease in heart rate (HR) [b = −3.14, t(18) = −3.85, p < .01] and no arousal as measured by root mean square of successive RR interval differences (RMSSD) [b = −0.06, t(18) = −1.06, p = .30] and high frequency-HRV (HF-HRV) [b = −0.21, t(18) = −1.71, p = .10]. This study demonstrated high acceptability and decreased HR response of VR among incarcerated people who use drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gottman Couple Therapy (GCT) is based on 40 + years of empirical findings and advocates process research, enabling an understanding of how an intervention works. Dreams-within-Conflict (DWC) is a GCT technique that softens the stand on unresolvable issues by facilitating positive emotion regulation strategies such as expressing vulnerabilities, understanding, and soothing in place of destructive strategies such as criticism and defensiveness. The aim of the study is to understand the emotion regulation process during a one-session DWC intervention using a convergent parallel mixed-methods design examining N = 30 individuals (15 couples) during the DWC intervention. The changes in emotion regulation strategies (Extrinsic/Intrinsic affect Worsening/Improving strategies–EW, IW, EI, II) in partners were examined in the presence of individual characteristics of emotion regulation traits (cognitive-reappraisal and suppression) and beliefs using self-assessment questionnaires, feedback reports, thematic coding of video recordings, and a semi-structured interview. Paired-samples t-test results showed that DWC fosters emotion regulation strategies by significantly decreasing partners' EW and increasing EI and II strategies. Though IW strategies declined during-DWC, the changes were not significant. Hierarchical linear modeling findings showed that before-DWC emotion regulation strategies, gender, and individual emotion regulation traits of cognitive-reappraisal and suppression predicted EI, and before-DWC strategies predicted II, but none of the variables predicted EW and IW during-DWC. To further understand the interventional implications, the emotional regulation strategies and preferences for expression (over suppression) shared by the Indian couples were examined using thematic analysis. The results show that avoidance, conflict behaviors, and prioritizing parents' emotions over partners' (in men) were the most often employed regulatory strategies. Simultaneously, Indian couples unanimously agreed that expression of emotions was a crucial factor for marital satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intensive care units (ICUs) have been overwhelmed by the increasing number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) cases, causing psychological burdens, stress, and various types of conflict among nurses. Aim: To examine the occurrence, type, and intensity of conflict and preferred management styles among ICU nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Study Design: This cross‐sectional descriptive study was conducted in a government hospital in Saudi Arabia using a convenience sample of 95 nurses from three ICUs. Data were collected using an e‐questionnaire comprising the Nursing Conflict Scale, Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory‐II, and sociodemographic variables. Results: Most participants reported exposure to moderately (64.2%) or highly (34.79%) intense conflict during the pandemic. The competitive (2.23 ±.472) and intragroup (2.23 ±.385) types of conflict were the most frequently reported. The preferred conflict management style was collaborating (21.85 ± 5.49), followed by accommodating (18.39 ± 4.03). Pearson's correlation analysis showed that age, years of experience, and education were significantly associated with conflict type and management style. Preparedness to care for suspected or confirmed COVID‐19 cases was associated with interpersonal conflict (r =.20, p =.04). Conclusions: The participants experienced moderate‐ to high‐intensity conflict; however, they employed constructive rather than destructive management styles. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Nurse leaders, policymakers, and educators must initiate transformational intervention programmes to enhance and sustain nurses' competencies in constructive conflict management strategies. Interpersonal communication and crisis management training programmes should be formulated to raise nurses' awareness and enhance their competencies vis‐à‐vis taking a positive approach to overcoming various conflict types and levels, particularly during crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to develop and psychometrically test the Ethical Conflict Scale for Nurses in Extraordinary Circumstances (ECSNEC). Design: This study is designed to develop and validate an instrument. Methods: There are four basic steps in the development process of ECSNEC: (1) establishment of the conceptual framework, (2) creation of the item pool, (3) preliminary evaluation and (4) psychometric evaluation. The data were gathered from 519 nurses who worked in two different hospitals operating in Istanbul between June 2022 and October 2022. Results: The scale had good content validity. The exploratory factor analysis revealed a three-factor construct which explained 47.31% of the total variance in the measured variable. The corresponding construct was confirmed by the confirmatory factor analysis. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients were greater than .60 for all dimensions. The test--retest reliability coefficient value of the scale was 0.90. Conclusion: ECSNEC is a valid and reliable tool to determine the ethical conflict experienced by nurses in extraordinary circumstances. Impact: The established scale allows the identification of factors influencing the ethical challenges nurses face in extraordinary circumstances. Thus, policies can be developed to prevent such ethical conflicts. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to develop a model to help parents cope with decisional conflict. Background: Parents of children with congenital heart defect experience decisional conflict when they are uncertain about treatment decisions for their child, which may lead to delay in seeking care or distress over the decision made. Design: Correlational design with model building and data triangulation was used. Methods: Data were collected through surveys and interviews with a consecutive sample of 221 parent respondents from June to December 2018. Structural equation modelling and qualitative data analysis were used. Results: Lower decisional conflict was seen in parents with higher income, more nurse support and physician risk communication. Time delay for surgery was correlated with the child's age, social service coverage, and social support. Decisional conflict mediated the influence of income, nurse support and physician risk communication on satisfaction with decision. Based on model fit parameters, the emerging model is a good and parsimonious model of decisional conflict. The overall theme, 'Deciding for Surgery: What Matters Most', described the processes parents went through in making treatment decisions. Conclusion: Nurses may help parents feel more certain, less conflicted, and more satisfied with their decision by addressing factors including knowledge gaps, personal values, available support, and resource access. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Decisional conflict occurs when parents are uncertain of the best action for their child because treatment options entail risks for undesirable outcomes, value compromise, unclear prognosis, or anticipated regret over the decision.Professional support, information, and communication are vital to parents' decision‐making process.Child, parent, and support factors may influence parent treatment decisions in varied paediatric conditions. What this paper adds? Child's age at the time of decision‐making had an effect on the delay in surgery. However, assisting parents to weigh their options and focus on personal values allowed them to make their treatment decision.Low income, costly health services, and bureaucratic processes impeded the timely availment of surgery. Healthcare reforms that provide a system of government funding, streamlined health structure, and social insurance may be looked into.Family support weighed in on the parents' decision to delay surgery for fear of blame or guilt. Providing relevant information enabled parents to make a choice and stand by their decision regardless of the outcome. The implications of this paper: Modelling provides a framework to identify which factors are more important and how they interact to affect decision‐making. It may be used as an approach to find solutions to clinical problems for groups with different diagnoses.Though nursing support, information, and communication are essential, a more holistic family nursing care approach may be considered to assist parents to make appropriate treatment decisions for their child.Familiarity with the healthcare system may equip nurses to aid parents in processing available healthcare funding and dealing with financial uncertainty affecting decisions for their child's treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore if and how nurses' perceived organizational support affects their ability to handle and resolve ethical value conflicts. Design: A mixed methods design with a longitudinal questionnaire survey and focus group interviews. Methods: A questionnaire survey in six hospitals in two Swedish regions provided data from 711 nurses responding twice (November–January 2019/2020 and November–January 2020/2021). A cross‐lagged path model tested the mutual prospective influence between the organizational climate of perceived organizational support, frequency of ethical value conflicts, and resulting moral distress. Four focus group interviews were conducted with 21 strategically selected nurses (April–October 2021). Qualitative data collection and analysis were inspired by Grounded Theory. Results: A climate of perceived organizational support was empowering, contributing to role security. It prospectively decreased the frequency of ethical value conflicts but not the moral distress when conflicts did occur. Conclusion: It is important to facilitate the development of perceived organizational support among nurses, but also to reduce the occurrence of ethical value conflicts that the nurses cannot resolve. Implications for the Profession: By ensuring a shared care ideology, good inter‐professional relations within the entire care organization, providing clear and supportive organizational structures, and utilizing competence adequately, healthcare managers can facilitate and support the development of perceived organizational support among nurses. Nurses who are empowered by perceived organizational support are stimulated by and take pride in their work and experience the work as meaningful and joyful. Impact: The study addressed the question of whether healthcare organizations could support nurses to resolving ethical value conflicts, and thus reduce moral distress. Perceived organizational support is related to factors such as ideological caring alignment and supportive organizational preconditions. This study contributes specific knowledge about how healthcare organizations can empower nurses to effectively resolve ethical value conflicts and thereby reduce their moral distress. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Exploitative head nurses have a deep inside busy thinking of ways to achieve their personal goals through their nurses. These challenges create a hostile environment, reduce motivation, and inhibit work involvement, which may create a feeling of alienation at the workplace. Aim: This study aimed to assess the influence of head nurses’ exploitative leadership style on nurses' workplace alienation. Design: A descriptive-correlation research design was used. Setting: This study was conducted at Tanta Main University Hospital in all departments. Subjects: All nurses (1057) who were working in the previously mentioned settings. Tools: Two tools were used to collect data: head nurses' exploitative leadership, and a workplace alienation questionnaire. Results: The study's findings indicated that more than half of the studied nurses had a moderate perception level of exploitative leadership behaviors and workplace alienation. There were statistically positive correlations between the overall score of exploitative leadership dimensions and workplace alienation dimensions, except between under-challenging followers of exploitative leadership and powerlessness, meaninglessness dimensions, and total workplace alienation. Conclusion: The study found a strong and positive influence of nurses' perceptions of head nurses' exploitative leadership behaviors on their feelings of workplace alienation. Recommendations: Conducting continuous training programs related to new approaches to constructive leadership to improve professional behaviors as well as annually assessing the perceived level of nurses' workplace alienation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caregivers' psychological well-being is linked to the quality of care provided for familiar with chronic illness. Despite caregivers of cardiac patients present an impaired psychological well-being, less investigated is the psychological well-being of caregivers of individuals with a rare disease such as the Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis (ATTR-CA). Specifically, given that no study explored the well-being of the caregiver and the caregiver-patient relationship, this study aimed to analyze the prevalence of anxiety and depression in ATTR-CA caregivers and if these disorders were associated with patient's and caregiver's characteristics. Fifty-eight dyad caregiver-ATTR-CA patients completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Network of Relationships Inventory. Moreover, ATTR-CA patients completed the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire, while caregivers completed the Multidimensional Scale of Social Support. Results showed that anxious caregivers (44%) reported higher conflict with patients. They had ATTR-CA relatives with a worse perception of cardiac symptoms and higher anxiety and depression. Depressed caregivers (39%) reported higher conflict with ATTR-CA relatives and lower perceived social support. Caregiver reported a high prevalence of anxiety and depression associated with worse personal relational well-being and to patient's psycho-physical condition. The care of ATTR-CA patient should consider the caregiver well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have very little knowledge about the characteristics and consequences of false abuse accusations. Sixty-one members of a German support organisation for allegedly falsely accused individuals provided information about themselves, the accuser, the accusation, the consequences of the allegation, and their coping strategies. The majority of respondents were male (90%), accused of sexual abuse (89%), and a parent of the accuser (71%). The initial allegations were frequently (72%) associated with the accuser undergoing psychotherapy. The consequences for the accused were psychological, physiological, familial, job-related, personal, and legal in nature. These included a loss of contact (98%), altered family dynamics (92%), depressive symptoms (48%), and problems focussing at work (44%). Eleven accused (18%) faced legal prosecution, but none of them were charged. Frequent strategies to cope with the allegation included contacting the victim support organisation (100%), seeking therapy (51%), contacting counselling centres (43%) and other victim support organisations (23%). Most of the accused felt supported by their environment (84%). Supporting and elaborating upon previous studies, this study exposes the potential consequences of alleged false accusations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Internet addiction can lead to excessive online communication and boundary-less interactions over time. This could result in issues, such as marital boredom and marital infidelity. Aim: Investigating the mediating role of sensation seeking and impulsivity in the association of Internet addiction with marital boredom and attitude towards marital infidelity. Method: In this descriptive, correlational study, structural equation modeling was employed. The study population comprised all married employees of the Tourism Information Technology Development Company in Tehran, Iran, during 2022. A subset of 106 individuals was selected for this study via convenience sampling. The research tools included the Internet Addiction Diagnostic Questionnaire (1998), Marital Boredom Questionnaire (1996), Attitude Towards Infidelity Scale (2006), Sensation Seeking Scale (1978), and Impulsiveness Scale (1995). Data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient test and structural equation modeling. The analyses were conducted using SPSS Version 25 and SmartPLS Version 3 software. Results: The present findings indicated the direct, positive, and significant impact of Internet addiction on marital boredom, sensation seeking, impulsivity and attitude towards marital infidelity (P<0.05). The results also indicated the significant direct effects of sensation seeking and impulsivity on both marital boredom and attitude towards infidelity (P<0.05). Additionally, the bootstrap test results indicated the significant indirect effect of Internet addiction on marital boredom and attitude towards infidelity; this effect was found to be mediated by sensation seeking and impulsivity (P<0.05). Conclusion: The use of the Internet can gradually foster dependency and alter the dynamics of relationships between couples. This can lead to conflicts, impulsivity, and a search for emotional resolution in the virtual space, ultimately resulting in marital boredom and laying the groundwork for marital infidelity. Therefore, understanding the detrimental effects of Internet addiction can aid couples in enhancing their overall lifesatisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cryptocurrency addiction is a new type of behavioral addiction that should be urgently addressed by professionals within the public mental health context. Therefore, a psychometrically sound measurement tool is urgently needed. Objectives: This study aimed to develop a 'cryptocurrency addiction scale'. Design: A descriptive, cross-sectional, and methodological design. Setting: Turkey. Participants: A total of 279 Turkish people participated in the first stage and 289 people participated in the second stage of the study. Methods: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to test construct validity. To test criterion-related validity, Pearson's correlation coefficients between the Cryptocurrency Addiction Scale and the Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2, De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale were investigated. Internal reliability was assessed using Cronbach's a and McDonald's ra. Test-retest reliability was tested using Pearson's correlation between these two measures. Results: Exploratory factor analysis resulted in the extraction of six factors (conflict, tolerance, relapse, withdrawal, mood modification, and salience), which explained 63.41% of the total variance. The first-and second-order confirmatory factor analysis models showed good model fit. Participants' scores on the Cryptocurrency Addiction Scale showed significant positive correlations with problematic Internet use, loneliness, and sleepiness scores. Cronbach's a and McDonald's ra reliability coefficients of the scale were 0.93. A significant positive correlation was found between the test and retest scores of the scale. Conclusion: The Cryptocurrency Addiction Scale showed good construct validity, criterion-related validity, internal reliability, and test-retest reliability. Validity and reliability studies of the Cryptocurrency Addiction Scale in other languages are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly challenged global healthcare systems, particularly impacting the psychological health of nurses. This study examines the psychosocial impact and work-related stressors faced by Filipino nurses during the COVID-19 crisis. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was used to gather data from May 2021 to May 2022. Participants included registered nurses recruited from across the Philippines, focusing on their exposure to work-related stressors, burnout, job satisfaction, and coping activities. The survey included validated items that measured work related variables (e.g., job responsibilities, workload) and personal stress management strategies. Descriptive statistics (means, standard deviations, frequencies, and percentages) were calculated to interpret the continuous and categorical variables. Results: A total of 2,229 nurses participated in the survey. Findings indicate that 78.9% of nurses experienced increased workloads, and 36% were assigned to units outside their expertise. Despite the high stress and burnout rates (30.4% reported symptoms), 56.4% of nurses intended to stay in their positions. The most common coping strategies were use of social media (53.7%) and connecting with friends and family (51.5%). Conclusion: Filipino nurses displayed considerable resilience despite facing severe work-related stressors and psychological strains during the pandemic. The study highlights significant stressors such as increased workload, role shifts, and the lack of clear workplace goals, contributing to burnout and reduced job satisfaction. This study underscores the need for enhanced support systems and policies to safeguard nurses' well-being, recommending more robust mental health services, adequate staffing, and the provision of necessary resources and training to prepare nurses for future health crises better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study conducted an experiment to examine the impact of informational conflicts about COVID-19 transmission routes on cognitive and behavioral factors. We were guided by the risk information seeking and processing model and focused on relationships among perceived ambiguity, information insufficiency, trustworthiness, and seeking/avoidance across several conditions. Data from 304 participants indicated a higher level of perceived ambiguity in the conflicting information condition compared to the one-sided information condition. The serial mediations suggest conflicting information enhanced perceived ambiguity, which was negatively related with trustworthiness of experts, information seeking, and adherence intentions. These findings shed light on how conflicting information negatively affects the decision-making process and provide insight about what to consider when presenting dynamic information to the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a dyadic intensive longitudinal design, we examined bidirectional links between daily relationship tension and actigraphy-measured sleep quality and whether attachment and post-conflict recovery behavior moderated these effects. A community sample of cohabiting couples (N = 208 dyads) completed a laboratory-based conflict discussion and a 14-day diary study of arguments and relationship stress. Each night, participants wore actigraphy monitors to assess wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO), an indicator of poor sleep quality. WASO was higher on days of especially high relationship stress but was not associated with next-day relationship stress or arguments. Attachment anxiety and avoidance exacerbated associations between more frequent arguments and higher WASO, and between higher WASO and higher next-day relationship stress. Partner conflict recovery buffered links between higher WASO and more frequent arguments, and between higher relationship stress and higher WASO. This study, one of the few to incorporate behavioral observation and actigraphy-measured sleep quality, identified novel moderators of bidirectional associations between sleep quality and relationship tension, underscoring the significance of dyadic buffering processes on sleep quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: On September 25, 2023, the law requiring the mandatory installation and operation of closed circuit television (CCTV) in the operating room went into effect. In this study, doctors' perceptions of the law were re-examined on September 23, 2023 (just prior to the law's enforcement), following a survey conducted on July 21, 2021 (before the re-examination of the bill). This study aimed to confirm doctors' perceptions of the infringement of fundamental rights of this law, the collapse of essential medical services due to the avoidance of surgery, and other concerns and priority solutions ahead of the law's enforcement. Methods: The survey was conducted from 8 to 18 September, 2023, by the Korean Medical Association Doctor Survey; a total of 1,267 doctors responded to the survey. Results: Out of 1,267 respondents, 1,156 (91.2%) said "yes," and 111 (8.8%) said "no" to issue concerning constitutional violations of fundamental rights--such as the freedom of medical personnel to practice their profession--and moral rights. A total of 1,149 (90.7%) respondents agreed with the concern regarding the collapse of essential medical care due to the avoidance of surgeons. Conclusion: Sufficient guidance should be provided, along with guidelines that provide explicit standards for the installation and operation of the CCTV systems, along with safety management measures. Medical disputes and the heavy legal responsibility of medical personnel are the main reasons as to why essential medical care collapses, given the avoidance of surgery. Medical disputes should be avoided in order to prevent essential medical care collapse, as the video is used as evidence for criminal sanctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study further examined the relationship between religion and suicidality with value strain as a mediating factor among Chinese college students. Employing cluster sampling, there were 13,250 college students recruited across seven provinces in China. Three psychometric scales were used to examine religiousness (Religious Orientation-Revised Scale), value strain levels (Psychological Strain Scale), and suicidal behaviours (Suicidal Behaviours Questionnaire-Revised). Both univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the influencing power of religion on value strain and suicidality. In addition, a series of linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the mediating effect of value strain on the association between religion and suicidality. the findings showed that first, positive relationships between religion and value strain, and suicidality were both detected; second, adherents to religion were marginalised which may have caused more value conflict further leading to a higher suicidal risk among believers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little evidence is available to guide physical therapy (PT) following lower extremity fracture repair distal to the hip. As such, variability has been reported in the way PT is utilized post-operatively. Examination of current practice by orthopedic surgeons (OS) and physical therapists is needed to inform clinical practice guidelines in this area. To describe current PT referral practices among OS, identify patient and clinical factors that affect PT referral, and examine differences between OS and physical therapists with regard to visit frequency, duration, and use of specific PT interventions. Provider surveys. Surveys were completed by 100 OS and 347 physical therapists. Over half (54%) of OS reported referring "most patients" to PT and identified joint stiffness and strength limitations as top reasons for PT referral. Over 80% of OS and physical therapists indicated that joint stiffness, strength limitations, and patients' functional goals affected their recommendations for PT visit frequency. More physical therapists than OS reported that pain severity (55% vs 25%, p <.001), maladaptive pain behaviors (64% vs. 33%, p <.001), and patient self-efficacy (70% vs. 49%, p =.003) affected their visit frequency recommendations. While OS recommended more frequent PT for patients with peri-articular fractures, fracture type had minimal impact on the visit frequencies recommended by physical therapists. OS and physical therapists consider similar physical impairments when determining the need for PT and visit frequencies, however, physical therapists consider pain and psychosocial factors more often, with OS focusing more on injury type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Although workplace injury rehabilitation is a significant economic and social burden for injured workers and the community, it remains inconclusive whether the worker's choice of provider and treatment type influences these costs or the outcome of rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE: This study explored what choices injured workers could access during rehabilitation in terms of their provider and treatment, what hindered or helped their choice, and whether workers perceived that choice influenced the outcome of their rehabilitation. METHODS: A mixed methods study was employed, utilising an online survey and semi-structured telephone interviews. RESULTS: Injured workers reported that being able to choose their provider and treatment was not straightforward. Obstacles included systemic rigidity, poor relationships between stakeholders, and unfamiliarity with the system. Most survey respondents perceived that the degree of choice they had in their treatment influenced the outcome of their rehabilitation and sometimes also their occupational bond, career, and finances. CONCLUSION: The study found that choice of provider and treatment type does matter for workers undergoing rehabilitation, impacting on outcomes including occupational bond, income, and disputes. In balancing the need for cost containment with social responsibility, both financial and psychosocial outcomes are relevant for those engaged in rehabilitation of injured workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective : The purpose of this study is to determine areas of agreement and disagreement among American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association (ACPA)members in the clinical practice of alveolar bone grafting (ABG), to guide further research to optimize ABG practices. Design : A cross-sectional survey was conducted. Setting : The respondents were in an academic, combination, or private practice. Patients, participants : The respondents were either plastic or oral and maxillofacial surgeons (OMFS) from various countries. Interventions : A de-identified 24-question online survey was distributed to ACPA surgeon members utilizing the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) tool. Main outcome measure : Data collected included surgeon specialty, use of various alveolar bone graft surgical techniques, as well as protocols. Results : There was more variability than consensus between specialties with regards to the preoperative workup, timing of surgery, materials used for bone graft, surgical techniques, perioperative management, and postoperative evaluation. There was consensus on grafting during mixed dentition, not staging soft and hard tissue closure, and using iliac crest for primary and secondary grafting. Disagreements involved factors used to time the procedure and type of imaging used to assess viability. Technical differences involved incision type, part of bone grafted, use of minimally invasive technique, and material used for revisions. Conclusions : Aside from areas of consensus among surgeons on ABG, several areas, including use of bone substitutes in revision grafting, incision and type of iliac crest graft used during initial grafting, and postoperative protocols, had no consensus. These areas should be targets of further research to determine if there truly is an optimal method to perform ABG. Methods : The study was approved by the University of Illinois at Chicago Institutional Review Board. A de-identified 24-question online survey was distributed to surgeon members of the ACPA utilizing the REDCap tool on August 7, 2020. The survey questions consisted of multiple choice and multiple selection questions including an option to select "other" and specify the information in a blank space. Data collected included surgeon specialty, use of various alveolar bone graft surgical techniques, as well as pre and postoperative protocols. The full survey is included in online Supplemental material. Data analysis was performed in SPSS Statistics 27 (IBM Corp.). Descriptive statistics were performed, and chi-square was used to test for significant differences in survey responses between groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has highlighted that youth gender dysphoria (GD) and gender diversity (GDI) are experienced in unique ways by different family members, with youth outcomes significantly influenced by family support and understanding. Few studies on a national level have explored individual family member experiences, specifically family, social and healthcare experiences, involving young people, parent/carers and siblings. Using an online survey incorporating circular questioning, this study sought to discover individual family member experiences of youth GD/GDI in Australia, within a family, healthcare, and social context. Young people experiencing GD/GDI, parents/carers and siblings were recruited through Facebook advertising and completed an online survey, exploring positive and negative experiences of youth GD/GDI, within and outside of the family. Survey questions predominantly used Likert scales, with free-text fields, enabling both quantitative and qualitative data analysis. Six hundred and sixty young people aged 12-17 years experiencing GD/GDI, 158 parents/carers ranging in age from under 30 years to more than 60 years (most common age band was 40-49 years; 62%), and 40 siblings aged 12-17 years completed at least part of the online survey. Participants reported mixed experiences of youth GD/GDI with varying levels of understanding and support provided by family members and others. Parents and siblings generally felt it important for healthcare professionals to ask everyone's experience in the family, although only one-third of young people felt this was important. Most parents and young people also highlighted the importance of sibling support. The majority of young people felt misunderstood by other family members. Most family members, particularly young people, reported different viewpoints within families and primarily negative experiences. The research findings support sibling inclusion in healthcare appointments in certain circumstances, depending on context, and a whole of family approach overall, if agreeable to the family and unlikely to cause harm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is a workforce shortage in the children's hospice sector, but there has been little research on the specific challenges of working in this setting and on how these challenges might be alleviated. To identify appropriate interventions to improve staff wellbeing, the drivers of wellbeing in children's hospices need to be known and measured. This paper reports on the development of two measures, one for work-related rewards and one for work-related stressors, for use in children's hospice care teams. Methods: A mixed-methods, four-stage study; the first three phases focused on the development of the scales, and the last stage focused on the validation of the scales. Participants of all stages were children's hospice care team staff members in the UK. Stage 1: survey assessing the relevance and comprehensiveness of the original scale items (N = 60); Stages 2 (focus groups; N = 16) and 3 (cognitive interviews; N = 14) to assess content validity; Stage 4: UK-wide survey (N = 414) to validate the final version of the new, children's hospice-specific scales using Rasch Analysis (RA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Results: Due to poor fitting indices shown in the results from the RA, five items (out of 36) were removed from the new rewards scale used in the UK-wide survey and 20 (out of 62) were removed from the new stressors scale. CFA also supported the removal of the items and showed a one-factor structure for the rewards scale and a three-factor structure for the stressors scale were adequate—the sub-scales for the stressors scale related to caring for an ill or dying child ("Child" sub-scale), working with parents and families ("Parent" sub-scale), and stressors related to organisational factors, such as team conflict and workload ("Organisation" sub-scale). Conclusions: Both of the new scales showed good psychometric properties and can be useful in clinical settings and research to assess the perceived intensity of the work-related rewards and stressors for children's hospice staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores strategies to boost the work engagement of construction project managers (CPMs) while navigating the challenges of work-family conflict. It introduces a multi-stage incentive model based on principal-agent theory and reputation incentives. It further highlights that work resources positively influence CPMs work engagement but also reveals the negative impact of work-family conflict.

Background: The impact of conflict and war crisis on dental students is poorly understood. Given the prolonged conflicts and political instability in the Arabic-speaking countries, it is crucial to investigate the effect of these conditions on dental students. This study aimed to assess the impact of protracted war on dental students by comparing the personal, university, and wider context challenges they face across war-affected and unaffected countries. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted including a convenience sample of dental students from 13 universities in 12 Arabic-speaking countries. Respondents were those at entry and exit points of their undergraduate dental training. A self-administered paper questionnaire collected anonymized data on sociodemographics, and personal, university, and wider context challenges that students were facing. Multivariable Poisson regression analyses were carried out. Results: The overall response rate was 64.8%. The mean age was 21.2 (standard deviation = 2.1) years, with 68% of participants being female. After adjusting for age and sex, dental students in Arabic-speaking countries affected by protracted war crisis were significantly more likely to report wider context challenges compared to their counterparts in unaffected countries (n = 2448; beta = 1.12; 95% confidence interval: 1.10–1.13; P < 0.001). Discussion: Dental students in Arabic-speaking countries affected by protracted war crisis were more likely to suffer from wider context challenges such as difficulties in attendance due to the deterioration of security and lack of flexibility of teaching time to accommodate the different circumstances induced by the war crisis. Supporting dental students in areas affected by protracted war crises is needed and may include developing online dental education programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]