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Resumo: A divisão de competências jurídicas no Quebec (Canadá) torna o quadro legislativo dessa província muito particular. O casamento é competência federal enquanto que a filiação segue a regulamentação provincial. Esse trabalho tem como pano de fundo a experiência dos membros de uma associação de famílias homoparentais que atuaram direta ou indiretamente na produção do contexto jurídico que permitiu que essa província implementasse uma lei que regulamenta a união civil de casais homossexuais, permitindo a dupla filiação materna e paterna para adoção de crianças em 2002. Em 2009, o Quebec foi a primeira província canadense a garantir o acesso gratuito aos procedimentos de reprodução assistida, contemplando também os casais gays. Esse contexto, resultado de um intenso debate, é percebido por meus interlocutores como o alcance da “plenitude de direitos”. O objetivo desse artigo é analisar as escolhas e particularidades da experiência da maternidade e filiação por casais gays no Quebec. Questiono como os membros da associação experimentam o cotidiano e os desafios da experiência de criar famílias construídas com ajuda de doadores de gametas e se preparam para um eventual desejo de seus filhos de saber mais sobre o doador. Poderia essa curiosidade diferenciar o significado da maternidade e da família homoparental? A negociação do papel e lugar do doador de gametas na família é problematizada através do que venho chamando de “busca hipotética” das origens. Abstract: The division of legal powers in Quebec (Canada) makes the legislative framework very specific in this province. Marriage is part of a federal jurisdiction while filiation follows the provincial regulations. This paper follow the afterwords of the experience of gay families members of an organization which worked in the production of the legal context that allowed Quebec province to implement a law regulating the civil union of homosexual couples, conceding dual maternal and paternal affiliation for adopted children in 2002. In 2009, Quebec was the first Canadian province to ensure free access to assisted reproduction procedures, also including gay couples. This context, the result of an intense debate, is perceived by my interlocutors as a place of equality. The aim of this paper is to analyze the choices and particularities of the experience of motherhood and filiation for gay couples in Quebec. I question how the association’s members experience daily life and the challenges to raise families built with the help of a donor and prepare for a possible desire of the children to know more about the donor. Could this curiosity differentiate the meaning of motherhood and homoparental family? The negotiation of role and place of the gamete donor’s in the family is being challenged through what I call “hypothetical search” of origins.

Cette thèse porte sur la question des origines biogénétiques au Brésil et au Québec. Elle vise à mettre en lumière les raisons, conséquences et contraintes de la recherche des origines entreprise par les personnes conçues grâce à un don de gamètes ou adoptées. La question des origines est ici analysée à partir de trois points de vue: la parenté, le droit et la science. Le cadre proposé combine les trois approches suivantes : 1) le recours à la parenté permet dřanalyser, de par son caractère hybride, social et biologique, les tensions entre nature et culture; 2) le droit balise les comportements permis et transforme les notions associées à ce qui est correct et juste en des principes d'action; 3) la science construit, sous lřangle de la vérité, la manière dont les liens entre génétique, transmission et hérédité sous-tendent les comportements sociaux. Les représentations de lřorigine mises de lřavant dans ces trois domaines influencent la décision personnelle dřentreprendre ou non la quête de ses origines et celle, éventuelle, d'introduire un « étranger » dans la famille. Ces différents angles permettront de saisir le rôle de chacun des personnages impliqués et de décrire les conditions associées à la quête identitaire et à la filiation. La construction de la thèse sřappuie sur l'histoire des pratiques d'adoption et de procréation médicalement assistée (PMA), au Brésil et au Québec et sur les études qui sřy rapportent. La comparaison entre ces deux pays ne se limite pas à identifier leurs seules différences en termes socio- économiques ; elle prend aussi en compte leur spécificité culturelle et juridique à travers le concept dř « épistémologies civiques ». La parenté, le droit et la science fournissent le contexte permettant de comprendre les raisons mises en jeu dans la recherche des origines. De fait, la valorisation des liens de parenté sociale dialogue, entre autres, avec la curiosité pour les données génétiques. De plus, la loi sřinscrit comme une médiation entre parenté et science. Lřétude des ressemblances et différences dans la pratique de l'adoption et de la PMA au Brésil et au Québec permet de suivre les étapes de la quête des adoptés et issus d'un don de gamètes, de la découverte des conditions de leur filiation jusqu'aux « retrouvailles ». La thèse aborde également le débat entre les versants personnel et collectif de lřidentité à travers l'analyse des pratiques et des discours des associations de personnes adoptées, des couples infertiles et des familles homoparentales, autour de la thématique des origines. Le but de cette thèse est de souligner l'importance de mettre en perspective ces échanges entre la parenté, le droit et la science pour comprendre les réalités complexes que nous vivons aujourd'hui. iii L'origine et sa quête sont les véhicules utilisés ici pour mettre en évidence des formes familiales plurielles qui permettent d'analyser la manière dont nous négocions de nouvelles formes de filiation et de construction des familles., The subject of this thesis is the biogenetic origins in Brazil and Quebec. It aims to highlight the reasons, consequences and constraints of the search for origins undertaken by persons conceived by gamete donation and adopted persons. The question of origins is here analyzed from three perspectives: kinship, law and science. The proposed framework combines the following approaches: 1) kinship, through its hybrid nature, can analyze social and biological tensions between nature and culture, 2) law, associated with notions of what is right and just are taken as principles of action, 3) science, constructed in terms of truth and how links between genetics and transmission may underlying social behaviours. Different representations of origins are put forward in this thesis where certain areas can influence the personal decision whether to undertake the search for its origins and possible decision to introduce a "foreigner" in the family. These prospects will help us to understand the role of each of the characters involved and describe the conditions associated with the search for biological identity and parenthood. The construction of the thesis is based on the literature and the history of adoption and assisted reproduction (AR) in Brazil and Quebec. The comparison between these two countries cannot be confined to identify their differences in socio-economic terms, it has to take into account the cultural and legal particularities in both countries only through the concept "civic epistemologies". Kinship, law and science provide the context for understanding the reasons brought into play in the search for origins. In a sense, the valorization of social aspects of kinship dialogue, among other things, with the curiosity for genetic information, likewise the law comes as a mediation between kinship and science. The study of similarities and differences in the practice of adoption and AR in Brazil and Quebec allows, in this thesis devoted to the question of the origin of adopted children and donor offspring, to follow the steps going through the discover of the conditions of their affiliation, their search for the biological origins and the eventual "reunion". The thesis also examines the debate between the slopes of personal and collective identity through the analysis of the discourses and practices of associations of people adopted, infertile couples and LGBT families around the theme of origins. The purpose of this thesis is to highlight the importance to dialogue kinship