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Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering is a form of inseparability in quantum theory commonly acknowledged to be intermediate between entanglement and Bell nonlocality. However, this statement has so far only been proven for a restricted class of measurements, namely, projective measurements. Here we prove that entanglement, one-way steering, two-way steering, and nonlocality are genuinely different considering general measurements, i.e., single round positive-operator-valued measures. Finally, we show that the use of sequences of measurements is relevant for steering tests, as they can be used to reveal "hidden steering." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the problem of closing the detection loophole in three-qubit Bell tests, the experimentally most relevant case beyond the usual bipartite scenario, and show that the minimal detection efficiencies required can be considerably lowered compared to the two-qubit case. The lowest reported detection efficiency thresholds for two and three qubits so far are ~66.7 and 60%, respectively. Using the three-qubit W state and a three-setting Bell inequality, we beat these thresholds and with an eight-setting Bell inequality we reach 50.13%. We also investigate generic three-qubit states which allow us to attain a detection efficiency of 50% in a four-setting Bell test. We conjecture that the limit of 50% is unbeatable using three-qubit states and any number of measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the usual tomography of multipartite entangled quantum states one assumes that the measurement devices used in the laboratory are under perfect control of the experimenter. In this paper, using the so-called SWAP concept introduced recently, we show how one can remove this assumption in realistic experimental conditions and nevertheless be able to characterize the produced multipartite state based only on observed statistics. Such a black-box tomography of quantum states is termed self-testing. As a function of the magnitude of the Bell violation, we are able to self-test emblematic multipartite quantum states such as the three-qubit W state, the three- and four-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states, and the four-qubit linear cluster state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imagine three parties, Alice, Bob, and Charlie, who share a state of three qubits such that all two-party reduced states A-B, A-C, and B-C are separable. Suppose that they have information only about these marginals but not about the global state. According to recent results, there exists an example for a set of three separable two-party reduced states that is only compatible with an entangled global state. In this paper, we show a stronger result by exhibiting separable two-party reduced states A-B, A-C, and B-C, such that any global state compatible with these marginals is nonlocal. Hence, we obtain that nonlocality of multipartite states can be certified from information only about separable marginals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the relation between the different forms of inseparability in quantum mechanics is a longstanding problem in the foundations of quantum theory and has implications for quantum information processing. Here we make progress in this direction by establishing a direct link between quantum teleportation and Bell nonlocality. In particular, we show that all entangled states which are useful for teleportation are nonlocal resources, i.e., lead to deterministic violation of Bell's inequality. Our result also extends the phenomenon of superactivation of quantum nonlocality, recently proven by C. Palazuelos [Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 190401 (2012)], and suggests that the latter might in fact be more general than initially thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present an exhaustive numerical analysis of violations of local realism by families of multipartite quantum states. As an indicator of nonclassicality we employ the probability of violation for randomly sampled observables. Surprisingly, it rapidly increases with the number of parties or settings and even for relatively small values local realism is violated for almost all observables. We have observed this effect to be typical in the sense that it emerged for all investigated states including some with randomly drawn coefficients. We also present the probability of violation as a witness of genuine multipartite entanglement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nonlocal properties of the W states are investigated under particle loss. By removing all but two particles from an N-qubit W state, the resulting two-qubit state is still entangled. Hence, the W state has high persistency of entanglement. We ask an analogous question regarding the persistency of nonlocality [see N. Brunner and T. Vértesi, Phys. Rev. A 86, 042113 (2012)]. Namely, we inquire what is the minimal number of particles that must be removed from the W state so that the resulting state becomes local. We bound this value in function of N qubits by considering Bell nonlocality tests with two alternative settings per site. In particular, we find that this value is between 2N/5 and N/2 for large N. We also develop a framework to establish bounds for more than two settings per site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]