170 results on '"TIME dilation"'
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2. The effect of time-dilation on Bell experiments in the retrocausal Brans model
- Author
-
Indrajit Sen
- Subjects
Physics ,Quantum Physics ,General Mathematics ,General Engineering ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Physics and Astronomy ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Theoretical physics ,Retrocausality ,Bell's theorem ,0103 physical sciences ,Quantum gravity ,Time dilation ,Quantum field theory ,Quantum Physics (quant-ph) ,010306 general physics - Abstract
The possibility of using retrocausality to obtain a fundamentally relativistic account of the Bell correlations has gained increasing recognition in recent years. It is not known, however, the extent to which these models can make use of their relativistic properties to account for relativistic effects on entangled systems. We consider here a hypothetical relativistic Bell experiment, where one of the wings experiences time-dilation effects. We show that the retrocausal Brans model (Found. Phys, 49(2), 2019) can be easily generalised to analyse this experiment, and that it predicts less separation of eigenpackets in the wing experiencing the time-dilation. This causes the particle distribution patterns on the photographic plates to differ between the wings -- an experimentally testable prediction of the model. We discuss the difficulties faced by other hidden variable models in describing this experiment, and their natural resolution in our model due to its relativistic properties. In particular, we discuss how a $\psi$-epistemic interpretation may resolve several difficulties encountered in relativistic generalisations of de Broglie-Bohm theory and objective state reduction models. Lastly, we argue that it is not clear at present, due to technical difficulties, if our prediction is reproduced by quantum field theory. We conclude that if it is, then the retrocausal Brans model predicts the same result with great simplicity in comparison. If not, the model can be experimentally tested., Comment: Post-print version; 13 pages, 3 figures
- Published
- 2020
3. A law of time dilation proportionality in Keplerian orbits.
- Author
-
Peerally, Abed
- Subjects
- *
TIME dilation , *LORENTZ transformations , *SPECIAL relativity (Physics) , *GLOBAL Positioning System , *ARTIFICIAL satellites , *RELATIVITY (Physics) , *ORBITS (Astronomy) , *ORBITAL mechanics , *QUANTUM field theory - Abstract
We examine the Lorentz factor and the Schwarzschild solution in relation to the estimation and verification of time dilation in particular from Global Positioning System data. As a result, we detect the possible occurrence of a proportionality between the time dilation effects of special and general relativity in free-fall motion in Keplerian orbits. This observation is then proved mathematically. The results show that gravitational time dilation during free fall in Keplerian orbits must be exactly double that caused in special relativity due to linear velocity. We propose that a law be enunciated in view of the proof provided, and of the experimental and technological verification of time dilation effects during the past six to seven decades. The importance of this finding as a universal phenomenon and in the further development of stable clocks and satellite technology is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
4. Einstein's special relativity violates the constancy of the velocity c of light under one-way conditions and thus contradicts the behavior of electromagnetic radiation.
- Author
-
Ziefle, Reiner Georg
- Subjects
SPEED of light ,SPECIAL relativity (Physics) ,RELATIVITY (Physics) ,TIME dilation ,QUANTUM field theory ,ELECTROMAGNETIC radiation - Abstract
Copyright of Physics Essays is the property of Physics Essays Publication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Application of the Generalized Hamiltonian Dynamics to Spherical Harmonic Oscillators.
- Author
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Oks, Eugene
- Subjects
- *
TIME dilation , *MOLECULAR physics , *ATOMIC physics , *QUANTUM field theory , *HARMONIC oscillators , *QUANTUM mechanics , *HAMILTONIAN graph theory - Abstract
Dirac's Generalized Hamiltonian Dynamics (GHD) is a purely classical formalism for systems having constraints: it incorporates the constraints into the Hamiltonian. Dirac designed the GHD specifically for applications to quantum field theory. In one of our previous papers, we redesigned Dirac's GHD for its applications to atomic and molecular physics by choosing integrals of the motion as the constraints. In that paper, after a general description of our formalism, we considered hydrogenic atoms as an example. We showed that this formalism leads to the existence of classical non-radiating (stationary) states and that there is an infinite number of such states—just as in the corresponding quantum solution. In the present paper, we extend the applications of the GHD to a charged Spherical Harmonic Oscillator (SHO). We demonstrate that, by using the higher-than-geometrical symmetry (i.e., the algebraic symmetry) of the SHO and the corresponding additional conserved quantities, it is possible to obtain the classical non-radiating (stationary) states of the SHO and that, generally speaking, there is an infinite number of such states of the SHO. Both the existence of the classical stationary states of the SHO and the infinite number of such states are consistent with the corresponding quantum results. We obtain these new results from first principles. Physically, the existence of the classical stationary states is the manifestation of a non-Einsteinian time dilation. Time dilates more and more as the energy of the system becomes closer and closer to the energy of the classical non-radiating state. We emphasize that the SHO and hydrogenic atoms are not the only microscopic systems that can be successfully treated by the GHD. All classical systems of N degrees of freedom have the algebraic symmetries ON+1 and SUN, and this does not depend on the functional form of the Hamiltonian. In particular, all classical spherically symmetric potentials have algebraic symmetries, namely O4 and SU3; they possess an additional vector integral of the motion, while the quantal counterpart-operator does not exist. This offers possibilities that are absent in quantum mechanics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. QFT Derivation of the Decay Law of an Unstable Particle with Nonzero Momentum.
- Author
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Giacosa, Francesco
- Subjects
QUANTUM mechanics ,QUANTUM field theory ,TIME dilation ,LAGRANGIAN mechanics ,PROBABILITY theory - Abstract
We present a quantum field theoretical derivation of the nondecay probability of an unstable particle with nonzero three-momentum p. To this end, we use the (fully resummed) propagator of the unstable particle, denoted as S, to obtain the energy probability distribution, called dSp(E), as the imaginary part of the propagator. The nondecay probability amplitude of the particle S with momentum p turns out to be, as usual, its Fourier transform: aSp(t)=∫mth2+p
2 ∞dEdSp(E)e-iEt (mth is the lowest energy threshold in the rest frame of S and corresponds to the sum of masses of the decay products). Upon a variable transformation, one can rewrite it as aSp(t)=∫mth∞dmdS0(m)e-imth2 +p2 t [here, dS0(m)≡dS(m) is the usual spectral function (or mass distribution) in the rest frame]. Hence, the latter expression, previously obtained by different approaches, is here confirmed in an independent and, most importantly, covariant QFT-based approach. Its consequences are not yet fully explored but appear to be quite surprising (such as the fact that the usual time-dilatation formula does not apply); thus its firm understanding and investigation can be a fruitful subject of future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Schrödinger’s Cat Meets Einstein’s Twins: A Superposition of Different Clock Times.
- Author
-
Vedral, Vlatko and Morikoshi, Fumiaki
- Subjects
SUPERPOSITION principle (Physics) ,SCHRODINGER equation ,TIME dilation ,EQUATION of time ,QUANTUM field theory ,SPECIAL relativity (Physics) ,PHYSICAL sciences research - Abstract
The phenomenon of quantum superposition, which allows a physical system to exist in different states ‘simultaneously’, is one of the most bizarre notions in physics. Here we illustrate an even more bizarre example of it: a superposed state of a physical system consisting of both an ‘older’ version and a ‘younger’ version of that system. This can be accomplished by exploiting the special relativistic effect of time dilation featuring in Einstein’s famous twin paradox. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. A Unified Newtonian-Relativistic Quantum Resolution of the Supposedly Missing Dark Energy of the Cosmos and the Constancy of the Speed of Light
- Author
-
M. S. El Naschie
- Subjects
Physics ,Theoretical physics ,Classical mechanics ,Scale relativity ,Dark energy ,Quantum gravity ,Time dilation ,Expectation value ,Quantum field theory ,Curved space ,Newtonian dynamics - Abstract
Time dilation, space contraction and relativistic mass are combined in a novel fashion using Newtonian dynamics. In this way we can surprisingly retrieve an effective quantum gravity energy-mass equation which gives the accurate experimental value of vacuum density. Furthermore Einstein’s equation of special relativity E = mc2, where m is the mass and c is the velocity of light developed assuming smooth 4D space time is transferred to a rugged Calabi-Yau and K3 fuzzy Kahler manifolds and revised to become E=(mc2)/(22), where the division factor 22 maybe interpreted as the compactified bosonic dimensions of Veneziano-Nambu strings. The result is again an accurate effective quantum gravity energy-mass relation akin to the one found using Newtonian dynamics which correctly predicts that 95.4915028% of the energy in the cosmos is the hypothetical missing dark energy. The agreement with WMAP and supernova measurements is in that respect astounding. In addition different theories are used to check the calculations and all lead to the same quantitative result. Thus the theories of varying speed of light, scale relativity, E-infinity theory, M-theory, Heterotic super strings, quantum field in curved space time, Veneziano’s dual resonance model, Nash Euclidean embedding and super gravity all reinforce, without any reservation, the above mentioned theoretical result which in turn is in total agreement with the most sophisticated cosmological measurements which was deservingly awarded the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics. Finally and more importantly from certain viewpoints, we reason that the speed of light is constant because it is a definite probabilistic expectation value of a variable velocity in a hierarchical fractal clopen, i.e. closed and open micro space time.
- Published
- 2013
9. The Thomas rotation
- Author
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G. J. Stephenson, John P. Costella, Bruce H. J. McKellar, and Andrew A. Rawlinson
- Subjects
Physics ,Particle physics ,Simultaneity ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Physics::Physics Education ,Context (language use) ,Special relativity (alternative formulations) ,Length contraction ,symbols.namesake ,Theoretical physics ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,Phenomenon ,Dirac equation ,symbols ,Time dilation ,Quantum field theory - Abstract
We review why the Thomas rotation is a crucial facet of special relativity, that is just as fundamental, and just as "unintuitive" and "paradoxical", as such traditional effects as length contraction, time dilation, and the ambiguity of simultaneity. We show how this phenomenon can be quite naturally introduced and investigated in the context of a typical introductory course on special relativity, in a way that is appropriate for, and completely accessible to, undergraduate students. We also demonstrate, in a more advanced section aimed at the graduate student studying the Dirac equation and relativistic quantum field theory, that careful consideration of the Thomas rotation will become vital as modern experiments in particle physics continue to move from unpolarized to polarized cross-sections., 20 pages, plain LaTeX, no figures, no macros, no style sheets
- Published
- 2001
10. J/Ψ suppression in relativistic heavy ion collisions through final state interactions with excited nucleons
- Author
-
Ursula Gaul
- Subjects
Physics ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,Nuclear Theory ,Absorption cross section ,Elementary particle ,Nuclear physics ,Excited state ,Field theory (psychology) ,Time dilation ,Atomic physics ,Quantum field theory ,Nuclear Experiment ,Nucleon ,Ground state ,Engineering (miscellaneous) - Abstract
TheJ/Ψ suppression in relativistic heavy ion collisions through final state interactions with excited state nucleons is estimated in a manner analogous to that of Gerschel and Hufner for ground state nucleons. If excited state nucleons are larger in size than nucleons in their ground state, theJ/Ψ absorption cross section is increased. Because of relativistic time dilation this effect does not significantly alter theJ/Ψ suppression previously found.
- Published
- 1990
11. Testing the Equivalence Principle by Lamb shift Energies
- Author
-
Robert B. Mann and C. Alvarez
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,Lorentz covariance ,01 natural sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Lamb shift ,Renormalization ,Theoretical physics ,symbols.namesake ,Theory of relativity ,Dirac equation ,Quantum mechanics ,0103 physical sciences ,symbols ,Time dilation ,Quantum field theory ,Equivalence principle ,010306 general physics - Abstract
The Einstein Equivalence Principle has as one of its implications that the non-gravitational laws of physics are those of special relativity in any local freely-falling frame. We consider possible tests of this hypothesis for systems whose energies are due to radiative corrections, i.e. which arise purely as a consequence of quantum field theoretic loop effects. Specifically, we evaluate the Lamb shift transition (as given by the energy splitting between the $2S_{1/2}$ and $2P_{1/2}$ atomic states) within the context of violations of local position invariance and local Lorentz invariance, as described by the $T H \epsilon\mu$ formalism. We compute the associated red shift and time dilation parameters, and discuss how (high-precision) measurements of these quantities could provide new information on the validity of the equivalence principle., Comment: 40 pages, latex, epsf, 1 figure, final version which appears in Physical Review D
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Equivalence of the theories of reciprocity and general relativity
- Author
-
Asghar Qadir
- Subjects
Gravitational time dilation ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,General relativity ,General Mathematics ,Four-force ,Computer Science::Computers and Society ,Gravitation ,Theoretical physics ,Numerical relativity ,Classical mechanics ,Theory of relativity ,Reciprocity (electromagnetism) ,Quantum field theory ,Mathematics - Abstract
Khan's theory of reciprocity has been shown to be equivalent to the theory of general relativity (in a conformally flat space-time) in that the same predictions are made physically. It is proved that, since “centrifugal forces” are used by Khan, gravitational phenomenaare being considered equal in status to electromagnetic phenomena, and hence the difference claimed to exist between Milne's theory and Khan's theory disappears.
- Published
- 1976
13. UNIVERSALITY IN THE GRAVITATIONAL STRETCHING OF CLOCKS, WAVES AND QUANTUM STATES.
- Author
-
UNNIKRISHNAN, C. S. and GILLIES, G. T.
- Subjects
GRAVITATIONAL waves ,ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics) ,QUANTUM field theory ,GRAVITATIONAL fields ,QUANTITATIVE research ,INTERFEROMETERS - Abstract
There are discernible and fundamental differences between clocks, waves and physical states in classical physics. These fundamental concepts find a common expression in the context of quantum physics in gravitational fields; matter and light waves, quantum states and oscillator clocks become quantum synonymous through the Planck-Einstein-de Broglie relations and the equivalence principle. With this insight, gravitational effects on quantum systems can be simply and accurately analyzed. Apart from providing a transparent framework for conceptual and quantitative thinking on matter waves and quantum states in a gravitational field, we address and resolve with clarity the recent controversial discussions on the important issue of the relation and the crucial difference between gravimetery using atom interferometers and the measurement of gravitational time dilation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Testing special relativity using slow light.
- Author
-
Varcoe, B. T. H.
- Subjects
GENERAL relativity (Physics) ,SPECIAL relativity (Physics) ,RELATIVITY (Physics) ,GRAVITATION ,QUANTUM electrodynamics ,QUANTUM field theory ,PHYSICS - Abstract
Violations of Lorentz invariance in the form of a frame dependence of the speed of light is forbidden by most of modern physics. However, this law is increasingly coming under pressure from theories such as string theory and theories of quantum gravity, which predict violations of Lorentz invariance at some level. This paper presents a concept for a Lorentz invariance test using electromagnetically induced transparency, which, in combination with an effect known as Fresnel drag, can amplify the effect of variations of the speed of light. It is shown how a model apparatus could, in principle, be used to search for frame dependencies in the speed of light to a sensitivity of a part in 10 21 . It is shown that, counter-intuitively, in testing relativistic time dilation, the speed of the particle is not the most important feature and that the test can be performed for relatively small velocities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. The sky is blue, and other reasons quantum mechanics is not underdetermined by evidence.
- Author
-
Wallace, David
- Abstract
I criticize the widely-defended view that the quantum measurement problem is an example of underdetermination of theory by evidence: more specifically, the view that the unmodified, unitary quantum formalism (interpreted following Everett) is empirically indistinguishable from Bohmian Mechanics and from dynamical-collapse theories like the GRW or CSL theories. I argue that there as yet no empirically successful generalization of either theory to interacting quantum field theory and so the apparent underdetermination is broken by a very large class of quantum experiments that require field theory somewhere in their description. The class of quantum experiments reproducible by either is much smaller than is commonly recognized and excludes many of the most iconic successes of quantum mechanics, including the quantitative account of Rayleigh scattering that explains the color of the sky. I respond to various arguments to the contrary in the recent literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Free‐Fall Non‐Universality in Quantum Theory.
- Author
-
Emelyanov, Viacheslav A.
- Subjects
QUANTUM trajectories ,EQUIVALENCE principle (Physics) ,QUANTUM field theory ,QUANTUM theory ,INTERFEROMETRY - Abstract
The author shows by embodying the Einstein equivalence principle—local Poincaré invariance—and general covariance in quantum theory that wave‐function spreading rules out the universality of free fall, that is, the free‐fall trajectory of a quantum (test) particle depends on its internal properties. The author provides a quantitative estimate of the free‐fall non‐universality in terms of the Eötvös parameter, which turns out to be measurable in atom interferometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Universal lower bound on orbital periods.
- Author
-
Hod, Shahar
- Subjects
QUANTUM field theory ,QUANTUM theory ,QUANTUM gravity ,ELECTRIC charge ,PAIR production - Abstract
It is proved, using the curved line element of a spherically symmetric charged object in general relativity and the Schwinger discharge mechanism of quantum field theory, that the orbital periods T ∞ of test particles around central compact objects as measured by flat-space asymptotic observers are fundamentally bounded from below. The lower bound on orbital periods becomes universal (independent of the mass M of the central compact object) in the dimensionless M E c ≫ 1 regime, in which case it can be expressed in terms of the electric charge e and the proper mass m e of the lightest charged particle in nature: T ∞ > 2 π e ħ G c 2 m e 2 (here E c = m e 2 / e ħ is the critical electric field for pair production). The explicit dependence of the bound on the fundamental constants of nature { G , c , ħ } suggests that it may reflect a fundamental physical property of the elusive quantum theory of gravity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. On free fall of fermions and antifermions.
- Author
-
Emelyanov, Viacheslav A.
- Subjects
QUANTUM field theory ,GRAVITATIONAL fields ,QUANTUM theory ,FERMIONS ,CURVED spacetime ,EQUIVALENCE principle (Physics) - Abstract
We propose a model describing spin-half quantum particles in curved spacetime in the framework of quantum field theory. Our model is based on embodying Einstein's equivalence principle and general covariance in the definition of quantum-particle states. With this model at hand, we compute several observables which characterise spin-half quantum particles in a gravitational field. In particular, we find that spin precesses in a normal Fermi frame, even in the absence of torsion. The effect appears to be complementary to free-fall non-universality we have recently reported about for spinless quantum particles. Furthermore, we find that quantum-particle gravitational-potential energy is insensitive to wave-packet spreading in the Earth's gravitational field, that is responsible for the non-universality of free fall in quantum theory. This theoretical result provides another channel for the experimental study of our quantum-particle model by using gravitational spectrometers. Finally, we also find that (elementary) fermions and antifermions are indistinguishable in gravity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Einstein, Barcelona, Symmetry & Cosmology: The Birth of an Equation for the Universe.
- Author
-
Elizalde, Emilio
- Subjects
QUANTUM field theory ,PARTICLE physics ,PHYSICAL cosmology ,GENERAL relativity (Physics) ,RELATIVITY (Physics) ,FRIEDMANN equations - Abstract
Albert Einstein visited Spain only once, precisely one hundred years ago. The circumstances, of a very different kind, of this visit will be explained here. In special, some important events happened to Einstein during that period, which, eventually, were key for converting modern cosmology into a genuine physical theory. Among them is the famous Einstein-Friedmann controversy, first, on the mathematical validity of Friedmann's equations and, later, their possible usefulness as a reliable tool to describe the real world. A summary of the deepest ideas underlying Einstein's contributions to the theory of relativity, which he had already completed before his visit, will precede the discussion, also supplemented with a description, in very simple terms, of the three main relativistic theories, namely Galileo's one, and Einstein's special and general theory. They pave the way towards a definitive theory of total relativity, so far unattainable. It will be recalled that the most general relativity principle, faithfully reflecting Ernst Mach's far-reaching ideas, might have much to do with the symmetry-breaking paradigm, a most crucial tool in quantum field theory and high energy physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Equivalence principle for quantum systems: dephasing and phase shift of free-falling particles.
- Author
-
C Anastopoulos and B L Hu
- Subjects
PHASE shift (Nuclear physics) ,QUANTUM field theory ,WAVE functions - Abstract
We ask the question of how the (weak) equivalence principle established in classical gravitational physics should be reformulated and interpreted for massive quantum objects that may also have internal degrees of freedom (dof). This inquiry is necessary because even elementary concepts like a classical trajectory are not well defined in quantum physics—trajectories originating from quantum histories become viable entities only under stringent decoherence conditions. From this investigation we posit two logically and operationally distinct statements of the equivalence principle for quantum systems. Version A: the probability distribution of position for a free-falling particle is the same as the probability distribution of a free particle, modulo a mass-independent shift of its mean. Version B: any two particles with the same velocity wave-function behave identically in free fall, irrespective of their masses. Both statements apply to all quantum states, including those without a classical correspondence, and also for composite particles with quantum internal dof. We also investigate the consequences of the interaction between internal and external dof induced by free fall. For a class of initial states, we find dephasing occurs for the translational dof, namely, the suppression of the off-diagonal terms of the density matrix, in the position basis. We also find a gravitational phase shift in the reduced density matrix of the internal dof that does not depend on the particle’s mass. For classical states, the phase shift has a natural classical interpretation in terms of gravitational red-shift and special relativistic time-dilation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Special Relativity at the Quantum Scale.
- Author
-
Lam, Pui K.
- Subjects
- *
QUANTUM logic , *SPECIAL relativity (Physics) , *SPACETIME , *SPACE frame structures , *ALGEBRAIC geometry , *QUANTUM field theory - Abstract
It has been suggested that the space-time structure as described by the theory of special relativity is a macroscopic manifestation of a more fundamental quantum structure (pre-geometry). Efforts to quantify this idea have come mainly from the area of abstract quantum logic theory. Here we present a preliminary attempt to develop a quantum formulation of special relativity based on a model that retains some geometric attributes. Our model is Feynman's “checker-board” trajectory for a 1-D relativistic free particle. We use this model to guide us in identifying (1) the quantum version of the postulates of special relativity and (2) the appropriate quantum “coordinates”. This model possesses a useful feature that it admits an interpretation both in terms of paths in space-time and in terms of quantum states. Based on the quantum version of the postulates, we derive a transformation rule for velocity. This rule reduces to the Einstein's velocity-addition formula in the macroscopic limit and reveals an interesting aspect of time. The 3-D case, time-dilation effect, and invariant interval are also discussed in term of this new formulation. This is a preliminary investigation; some results are derived, while others are interesting observations at this point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Abundant Exact Travelling Wave Solutions for a Fractional Massive Thirring Model Using Extended Jacobi Elliptic Function Method.
- Author
-
Shqair, Mohammed, Alabedalhadi, Mohammed, Al-Omari, Shrideh, and Al-Smadi, Mohammed
- Subjects
ELLIPTIC functions ,PARTIAL differential equations ,FRACTIONAL differential equations ,TRAVELING waves (Physics) ,WAVE functions ,NONLINEAR functions ,QUANTUM mechanics - Abstract
The fractional massive Thirring model is a coupled system of nonlinear PDEs emerging in the study of the complex ultrashort pulse propagation analysis of nonlinear wave functions. This article considers the NFMT model in terms of a modified Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative. The novel travelling wave solutions of the considered model are investigated by employing an effective analytic approach based on a complex fractional transformation and Jacobi elliptic functions. The extended Jacobi elliptic function method is a systematic tool for restoring many of the well-known results of complex fractional systems by identifying suitable options for arbitrary elliptic functions. To understand the physical characteristics of NFMT, the 3D graphical representations of the obtained propagation wave solutions for some free physical parameters are randomly drawn for a different order of the fractional derivatives. The results indicate that the proposed method is reliable, simple, and powerful enough to handle more complicated nonlinear fractional partial differential equations in quantum mechanics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. On free fall of quantum matter.
- Author
-
Emelyanov, Viacheslav A.
- Subjects
QUANTUM field theory ,QUANTUM gravity ,PARTICLE physics ,QUANTUM theory ,GRAVITATIONAL fields ,WAVE packets - Abstract
We propose an approach that allows to systematically take into account gravity in quantum particle physics. It is based on quantum field theory and the general principle of relativity. These are used to build a model for quantum particles in curved spacetime. We compute by its means a deviation from a classical geodesic in the Earth's gravitational field. This shows that free fall depends on quantum- matter properties. Specifically, we find that the free-fall universality and the wave-packet spreading are mutually exclusive phenomena. We then estimate the Eötvös parameter for a pair of atoms freely falling near the Earth's surface, provided that the wave-packet spreading is more fundamental than the weak equivalence principle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Quantum teleportation between moving detectors.
- Author
-
Shih-Yuin Lin, Chung-Hsien Chou, and Hu, B. L.
- Subjects
- *
QUANTUM teleportation , *DETECTORS , *QUANTUM field theory , *MINKOWSKI geometry , *QUANTUM mechanics - Abstract
It is commonly believed that the fidelity of quantum teleportation using localized quantum objects with one party or both accelerated in vacuum would be degraded due to the heat up by the Unruh effect. In this paper, we point out that the Unruh effect is not the whole story in accounting for all the relativistic effects in quantum teleportation. First, there could be degradation of fidelity by a common field environment even when both quantum objects are in inertial motion. Second, relativistic effects entering the description of the dynamics, such as frame dependence, time dilation, and Doppler shift, already existent in inertial motion, can compete with or even overwhelm the effect due to uniform acceleration in a quantum field. We show it is not true that larger acceleration of an object would necessarily lead to a faster degradation of fidelity. These claims are based on four cases of quantum teleportation we studied using two Unruh-DeWitt detectors coupled via a common quantum field initially in the Minkowski vacuum. We find the quantum entanglement evaluated around the light cone, rather than the conventional ones evaluated on the Minkowski time slices, is the necessary condition for the averaged fidelity of quantum teleportation beating the classical one. These results are useful as a guide to making judicious choices of states and parameter ranges and estimation of the efficiency of quantum teleportation in relativistic quantum systems under environmental influences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Missing the point in noncommutative geometry.
- Author
-
Huggett, Nick, Lizzi, Fedele, and Menon, Tushar
- Subjects
GEOMETRY ,SCALAR field theory ,OPERATIONAL definitions ,QUANTUM field theory - Abstract
Noncommutative geometries generalize standard smooth geometries, parametrizing the noncommutativity of dimensions with a fundamental quantity with the dimensions of area. The question arises then of whether the concept of a region smaller than the scale—and ultimately the concept of a point—makes sense in such a theory. We argue that it does not, in two interrelated ways. In the context of Connes' spectral triple approach, we show that arbitrarily small regions are not definable in the formal sense. While in the scalar field Moyal–Weyl approach, we show that they cannot be given an operational definition. We conclude that points do not exist in such geometries. We therefore investigate (a) the metaphysics of such a geometry, and (b) how the appearance of smooth manifold might be recovered as an approximation to a fundamental noncommutative geometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Observations on unstable quantons, hyperplane dependence and quantum fields.
- Author
-
Fleming, Gordon N.
- Subjects
- *
HYPERPLANES , *QUANTUM field theory , *PARTICLES (Nuclear physics) , *EQUILIBRIUM , *STABILITY (Mechanics) , *LORENTZ transformations , *PHILOSOPHY of physics - Abstract
There is persistent heterodoxy in the physics literature concerning the proper treatment of those quantons that are unstable against spontaneous decay. Following a brief litany of this heterodoxy, I develop some of the consequences of assuming that such quantons can exist, undecayed and isolated, at definite times and that their Lorentz covariant treatment can be carried out within a standard quantum theoretic state space. This assumption requires hyperplane dependence for the unstable quanton states and leads to clarification of some recent results concerning deviations from relativistic time dilation of decay lifetimes. In the course of the discussion 1 make some observations on the relationship of unstable quantons to quantum fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. The Thomas rotation.
- Author
-
Costella, John P., McKellar, Bruce H.J., Rawlinson, Andrew A., and Stephenson Jr., Gerard J.
- Subjects
- *
SPECIAL relativity (Physics) , *QUANTUM field theory , *DIRAC equation - Abstract
We review why the Thomas rotation is a crucial facet of special relativity, that is just as fundamental, and just as "unintuitive" and "paradoxical," as such traditional effects as length contraction, time dilation, and the ambiguity of simultaneity. We show how this phenomenon can be quite naturally introduced and investigated in the context of a typical introductory course on special relativity, in a way that is appropriate for, and completely accessible to, undergraduate students. We also demonstrate, in a more advanced section aimed at the graduate student studying the Dirac equation and relativistic quantum field theory, that careful consideration of the Thomas rotation will become vital as modern experiments in particle physics continue to move from unpolarized to polarized cross sections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Nonrelativistic limit of quantum field theory in inertial and noninetial frames and the principle of equivalence.
- Author
-
Padmanabhan, Hamsa and Padmanabhan, T.
- Subjects
- *
NONRELATIVISTIC quantum mechanics , *QUANTUM field theory , *GRAVITATIONAL fields , *INVARIANTS (Mathematics) , *LORENTZ transformations , *WAVE functions , *KLEIN-Gordon equation - Abstract
We discuss the nonrelativistic limit of quantum field theory in an inertial frame, in the Rindler frame and in the presence of a weak gravitational field, and attempt to highlight and clarify several subtleties. In particular, we study the following issues: (a) While the action for a relativistic free particle is invariant under the Lorentz transformation, the corresponding action for a nonrelativistic tree particle is not invariant under the Galilean transformation, but picks up extra contributions at the end points. This leads to an extra phase in the nonrelativistic wave function under a Galilean transformation, which can be related to the rest energy of the particle even in the nonrelativistic limit. We show that this is closely related to the peculiar fact that the relativistic action for a free particle remains invariant even if we restrict ourselves to O(1/c²) in implementing the Lorentz transformation. (b) We provide a brief critique of the principle of equivalence in the quantum mechanical context. In particular, we show how solutions to the generally covariant Klein-Gordon equation in a noninertial frame, which has a time-dependent acceleration, reduce to the nonrelativistic wave function in the presence of an appropriate (time-dependent) gravitational field in the c → ∞ limit, and relate this fact to the validity of the principle of equivalence in a quantum mechanical context. We also show that the extra phase acquired by the nonrelativistic wave function in an accelerated frame, actually arises from the gravitational time dilation and survives in the nonrelativistic limit. (c) While the solution of the Schrödinger equation can be given an interpretation as being the probability amplitude for a single particle, such an interpretation fails in quantum field theory. We show how, in spite of this, one can explicitly evaluate the path integral using the (nonquadratic) action for a relativistic particle (involving a square root) and obtain the Feynman propagator. Further, we describe how this propagator reduces to the standard path integral kernel in the nonrelativistic limit. (d) We show that the limiting procedures for the propagators mentioned above work correctly even in the presence of a weak gravitational field, or in the Rindler frame, and discuss the implications for the principle of equivalence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Revisiting the quantum field theory of neutrino oscillations in vacuum.
- Author
-
Grimus, W
- Subjects
QUANTUM field theory ,NEUTRINO oscillation ,VACUUM ,FEYNMAN diagrams ,NEUTRINO detectors ,NEUTRINOS - Abstract
We consider neutrino oscillations in vacuum in the framework of quantum field theory in which neutrino production and detection processes are part of a single Feynman diagram and the corresponding cross section is computed in the standard way, i.e. with final states represented by plane waves. We use assumptions which are realized in actual experiments and concentrate on the detection process. Moreover, we also allow for a finite time interval of length τ during which the detector records neutrino events. In this context we are motivated by accelerator-neutrino oscillation experiments where data taking is synchronized in time with the proton spill time of the accelerator. Given the final momenta and the direction of neutrino propagation, we find that in the oscillation amplitude—for all practical purposes—the neutrino energy Q is fixed, apart from an interval of order 2πℏ/τ around a mean energy this is an expression of energy non-conservation or the time-energy uncertainty relation in the detection process due to. We derive in excellent approximation that in the amplitude the oscillation effect originates from massive neutrinos with the same energy , i.e. oscillations take place in space without any decoherece effect, while the remaining integration over Q in the interval of order 2πℏ/τ around results in a time-correlation function expressing the time delay between neutrino production and detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Conceptual and Technical Challenges of Quantum Gravity.
- Author
-
Takook, M. V.
- Subjects
QUANTUM field theory ,QUANTUM theory ,GEOMETRIC quantization ,QUANTUM states ,QUANTUM wells ,QUANTUM gravity - Abstract
The appearance of infinity together with collapsing quantum state due to an observation or interaction which are two challenging features of quantum field theory, become very serious problems in quantum gravity as well as in quantum geometry of space-time. These problems can be divided into two categories: a technical and a conceptual parts. In the technical part the biggest problem comes from the point definition where the classical geometry is constructed on it. By changing the point definition, the technical problem may be approximately bypassed and a mathematical formulation of quantum geometry may be found. On the other hand, the conceptual problem comes from the quantum state collapse due to the observation since in presence of gravity the entanglement between the observer and gravity cannot be eliminated. The conceptual part does not depend on the techniques which are employed. As much as possible for us, we try to discuss these problems by the redefinition of the perception and understanding of a phenomenon for an observer in quantum theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Relativistic coupling of internal and centre of mass dynamics in classical and simple bound quantum mechanical systems.
- Author
-
Dennis E Krause and Inbum Lee
- Subjects
QUANTUM mechanics ,SPECIAL relativity (Physics) ,QUANTUM field theory ,CENTER of mass ,QUANTUM interference - Abstract
Although special relativity and quantum mechanics revolutionised physics in the early 20th century, the consequences of combining these two theories are still being explored a hundred years later, usually using the formidable theoretical machinery of quantum field theory. However, a formalism accessible to undergraduates has been recently developed which shows how the centre of mass and internal dynamics of classical and quantum systems is relativistically coupled with interesting consequences. Here we explore some of the implications of this coupling, first classically, where we find that the dynamics of the system is time dilated when moving relative to another inertial frame. We then apply the dynamics to a quantum 2-level atom bound in a one-dimensional infinite potential well, and show that the coupling produces collapses and revivals in quantum interference. This example provides an illustration of how the combination of special relativity and quantum mechanics can be studied in situations familiar to most undergraduates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. On decoherence in quantum gravity.
- Author
-
Podolskiy, Dmitriy and Lanza, Robert
- Subjects
QUANTUM gravity ,DECOHERENCE (Quantum mechanics) ,DEGREES of freedom ,QUANTUM field theory ,STATISTICAL models - Abstract
It was previously argued that the phenomenon of quantum gravitational decoherence described by the Wheeler-DeWitt equation is responsible for the emergence of the arrow of time. Here we show that the characteristic spatio-temporal scales of quantum gravitational decoherence are typically logarithmically larger than a characteristic curvature radius [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. The parton model and its applications.
- Author
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Yan, Tung-Mow and Drell, Sidney D.
- Subjects
PARTONS ,INELASTIC electron scattering ,POSITRON annihilation ,HADRONS ,QUANTUM field theory ,CROSS-sectional method - Abstract
This is a review of the program we started in 1968 to understand and generalize Bjorken scaling and Feynman's parton model in a canonical quantum field theory. It is shown that the parton model proposed for deep inelastic electron scatterings can be derived if a transverse momentum cutoff is imposed on all particles in the theory so that the impulse approximation holds. The deep inelastic electron-positron annihilation into a nucleon plus anything else is related by the crossing symmetry of quantum field theory to the deep inelastic electron-nucleon scattering. We have investigated the implication of crossing symmetry and found that the structure functions satisfy a scaling behavior analogous to the Bjorken limit for deep inelastic electron scattering. We then find that massive lepton pair production in collisions of two high energy hadrons can be treated by the parton model with an interesting scaling behavior for the differential cross-sections. This turns out to be the first example of a class of hard processes involving two initial hadrons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Physics as quantum information processing: Quantum fields as quantum automata.
- Author
-
D'Ariano, Giacomo Mauro
- Subjects
QUANTUM information science ,QUANTUM field theory ,CELLULAR automata ,QUANTUM computers ,PROBLEM solving ,COMPARATIVE studies - Abstract
Can we reduce Quantum Field Theory (QFT) to a quantum computation? Can physics be simulated by a quantum computer? Do we believe that a quantum field is ultimately made of a numerable set of quantum systems that are unitarily interacting? A positive answer to these questions corresponds to substituting QFT with a theory of quantum cellular automata (QCA), and the present work is examining this hypothesis. These investigations are part of a large research program on a quantum-digitalization of physics, with Quantum Theory as a special theory of information, and Physics as emergent from the same quantum-information processing. A QCA-based QFT has tremendous potential advantages compared to QFT, being quantum ab-initio and free from the problems plaguing QFT due to the continuum hypothesis. Here I will show how dynamics emerges from the quantum processing, how the QCA can reproduce the Dirac-field phenomenology at large scales, and the kind of departures from QFT that that should be expected at a Planckscale discreteness. I will introduce the notions of linear field quantum automaton and local-matrix quantum automaton, in terms of which I will provide the solution to the Feynman's problem about the possibility of simulating a Fermi field with a quantum computer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Physics as quantum information processing.
- Author
-
Mauro D'Ariano, Giacomo
- Subjects
INFORMATION processing ,QUANTUM field theory ,SPACETIME ,RELATIVITY (Physics) ,GEOMETRIC quantization ,HAMILTONIAN operator ,ANALYSIS of covariance ,DIRAC equation ,QUANTUM gravity - Abstract
The experience from Quantum Information has lead us to look at Quantum Theory (QT) and the whole Physics from a different angle. The information-theoretical paradigm-It from Bit- prophesied by John Archibald Wheeler is relentlessly advancing. Recently it has been shown that QT is derivable from pure informational principles. The possibility that there is only QT at the foundations of Physics has been then considered, with space-time, Relativity, quantization rules and Quantum Field Theory (QFT) emerging from a quantum-information processing. The resulting theory is a discrete version of QFT with automatic relativistic invariance, and without fields, Hamiltonian, and quantization rules. In this paper I review some recent advances on these lines. In particular: i) How space-time and relativistic covariance emerge from the quantum computation; ii) The derivation of the Dirac equation as free information flow, without imposing Lorentz covariance; iii) the information-theoretical meaning of inertial mass and Planck constant; iv) An observable consequence of the theory: a mass-dependent refraction index of vacuum. I will then conclude with two possible routes to Quantum Gravity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. On the “principle of the quantumness,” the quantumness of Relativity, and the computational grand-unification.
- Author
-
D'Ariano, Giacomo Mauro
- Subjects
QUANTUM theory ,THERMODYNAMICS ,CONTINUUM mechanics ,SPECIAL relativity (Physics) ,SYMMETRY (Physics) - Abstract
I will argue that the proposal of establishing operational foundations of Quantum Theory should have top-priority, and that the Lucien Hardy’s program on Quantum Gravity should be paralleled by an analogous program on Quantum Field Theory (QFT), which needs to be reformulated, notwithstanding its experimental success. In this paper, after reviewing recently suggested operational “principles of the quantumness,” I address the problem on whether Quantum Theory and Special Relativity are unrelated theories, or instead, if the one implies the other. I show how Special Relativity can be indeed derived from causality of Quantum Theory, within the computational paradigm “the universe is a huge quantum computer,” reformulating QFT as a Quantum-Computational Field Theory (QCFT). In QCFT Special Relativity emerges from the fabric of the computational network, which also naturally embeds gauge invariance. In this scheme even the quantization rule and the Planck constant can in principle be derived as emergent from the underlying causal tapestry of space-time. In this way Quantum Theory remains the only theory operating the huge computer of the universe. Is the computational paradigm only a speculative tautology (theory as simulation of reality), or does it have a scientific value? The answer will come from Occam’s razor, depending on the mathematical simplicity of QCFT. Here I will just start scratching the surface of QCFT, analyzing simple field theories, including Dirac’s. The number of problems and unmotivated recipes that plague QFT strongly motivates us to undertake the QCFT project, since QCFT makes all such problems manifest, and forces a re-foundation of QFT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. On Mathematical Modeling Of Quantum Systems.
- Author
-
Achuthan, P. and Narayanankutty, Karuppath
- Subjects
MATHEMATICAL models ,QUANTUM theory ,RELATIVISTIC quantum theory ,QUANTUM field theory ,TWENTIETH century - Abstract
The world of physical systems at the most fundamental levels is replete with efficient, interesting models possessing sufficient ability to represent the reality to a considerable extent. So far, quantum mechanics (QM) forming the basis of almost all natural phenomena, has found beyond doubt its intrinsic ingenuity, capacity and robustness to stand the rigorous tests of validity from and through appropriate calculations and experiments. No serious failures of quantum mechanical predictions have been reported, yet. However, Albert Einstein, the greatest theoretical physicist of the twentieth century and some other eminent men of science have stated firmly and categorically that QM, though successful by and large, is incomplete. There are classical and quantum reality models including those based on consciousness. Relativistic quantum theoretical approaches to clearly understand the ultimate nature of matter as well as radiation have still much to accomplish in order to qualify for a final theory of everything (TOE). Mathematical models of better, suitable character as also strength are needed to achieve satisfactory explanation of natural processes and phenomena. We, in this paper, discuss some of these matters with certain apt illustrations as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Conformal symmetry and quantum localization in space-time.
- Author
-
Jaekel, Marc-Thierry and Reynaud, Serge
- Subjects
CONFORMAL geometry ,SYMMETRY ,FIELD theory (Physics) ,QUANTUM field theory ,CONTINUUM mechanics - Abstract
The classical procedures which define the relativistic notion of space-time can be implemented in the framework of Quantum Field Theory. Only relying on the conformal symmetries of field propagation, time-frequency transfer and localization lead to the definition of time-frequency references and positions in space-time as quantum observables. Quantum positions have a non vanishing commutator identifying with spin, both observables characterizing quantum localization in space-time. Frame transformations to accelerated frames differ from their classical counterparts. Conformal symmetry nevertheless allows to extend the covariance rules underlying the formalism of general relativity under an algebraic form suiting the quantum framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. The Relational Blockworld Interpretation of Non-relativistic Quantum Mechanics.
- Author
-
Stuckey, W. M., Silberstein, Michael, and Cifone, Michael
- Subjects
QUANTUM theory ,PHYSICS ,RELATIVITY (Physics) ,CONTINUUM mechanics ,NONRELATIVISTIC quantum mechanics ,QUANTUM field theory - Abstract
We introduce a new interpretation of non-relativistic quantum mechanics (QM) called Relational Blockworld (RBW). We motivate the interpretation by outlining two results due to Kaiser, Bohr, Ulfeck, Mottelson, and Anandan, independently. First, the canonical commutation relations for position and momentum can be obtained from boost and translation operators, respectively, in a spacetime where the relativity of simultaneity holds. Second, the QM density operator can be obtained from the spacetime symmetry group of the experimental configuration exclusively. We show how QM, obtained from relativistic quantum field theory per RBW, explains the twin-slit experiment and conclude by resolving the standard conceptual problems of QM, i.e., the measurement problem, entanglement and non-locality. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Nonrelativistic limit of quantum field theory in inertial and noninertial frames and the principle of equivalence
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Relativistic Quantum Metrology: Exploiting relativity to improve quantum measurement technologies.
- Author
-
Ahmadi, Mehdi, Bruschi, David Edward, Sabín, Carlos, Adesso, Gerardo, and Fuentes, Ivette
- Subjects
RELATIVISTIC quantum theory ,METROLOGY ,QUANTUM field theory ,QUANTUM communication ,RELATIVITY (Physics) - Abstract
We present a framework for relativistic quantum metrology that is useful for both Earth-based and space-based technologies. Quantum metrology has been so far successfully applied to design precision instruments such as clocks and sensors which outperform classical devices by exploiting quantum properties. There are advanced plans to implement these and other quantum technologies in space, for instance Space-QUEST and Space Optical Clock projects intend to implement quantum communications and quantum clocks at regimes where relativity starts to kick in. However, typical setups do not take into account the effects of relativity on quantum properties. To include and exploit these effects, we introduce techniques for the application of metrology to quantum field theory. Quantum field theory properly incorporates quantum theory and relativity, in particular, at regimes where space-based experiments take place. This framework allows for high precision estimation of parameters that appear in quantum field theory including proper times and accelerations. Indeed, the techniques can be applied to develop a novel generation of relativistic quantum technologies for gravimeters, clocks and sensors. As an example, we present a high precision device which in principle improves the state-of-the-art in quantum accelerometers by exploiting relativistic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Contrasting Classical and Quantum Vacuum States in Non-inertial Frames.
- Author
-
Boyer, Timothy
- Subjects
QUANTUM field theory ,NON-inertial frame ,ELECTRONS ,ELECTROMAGNETIC radiation ,QUANTUM electrodynamics ,CLASSICAL field theory ,ZERO-point field - Abstract
Classical electron theory with classical electromagnetic zero-point radiation (stochastic electrodynamics) is the classical theory which most closely approximates quantum electrodynamics. Indeed, in inertial frames, there is a general connection between classical field theories with classical zero-point radiation and quantum field theories. However, this connection does not extend to noninertial frames where the time parameter is not a geodesic coordinate. Quantum field theory applies the canonical quantization procedure (depending on the local time coordinate) to a mirror-walled box, and, in general, each non-inertial coordinate frame has its own vacuum state. In particular, there is a distinction between the 'Minkowski vacuum' for a box at rest in an inertial frame and a 'Rindler vacuum' for an accelerating box which has fixed spatial coordinates in an (accelerating) Rindler frame. In complete contrast, the spectrum of random classical zero-point radiation is based upon symmetry principles of relativistic spacetime; in empty space, the correlation functions depend upon only the geodesic separations (and their coordinate derivatives) between the spacetime points. The behavior of classical zero-point radiation in a noninertial frame is found by tensor transformations and still depends only upon the geodesic separations, now expressed in the non-inertial coordinates. It makes no difference whether a box of classical zero-point radiation is gradually or suddenly set into uniform acceleration; the radiation in the interior retains the same correlation function except for small end-point (Casimir) corrections. Thus in classical theory where zero-point radiation is defined in terms of geodesic separations, there is nothing physically comparable to the quantum distinction between the Minkowski and Rindler vacuum states. It is also noted that relativistic classical systems with internal potential energy must be spatially extended and can not be point systems. The classical analysis gives no grounds for the 'heating effects of acceleration through the vacuum' which appear in the literature of quantum field theory. Thus this distinction provides (in principle) an experimental test to distinguish the two theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Relativistic quantum information in detectors-field interactions.
- Author
-
Hu, B .L., Lin, Shih-Yuin, and Louko, Jorma
- Subjects
QUANTUM information science ,RELATIVITY (Physics) ,DETECTORS ,QUANTUM field theory ,QUANTUM entanglement ,MATHEMATICAL models ,PERTURBATION theory - Abstract
We review Unruh-DeWitt detectors and other models of detector-field interaction in a relativistic quantum field theory setting as a tool for extracting detector-detector, field-field and detector-field correlation functions of interest in quantum information science, from entanglement dynamics to quantum teleportation. In particular, we highlight the contrast between the results obtained from linear perturbation theory which can be justified provided switching effects are properly accounted for, and the nonperturbative effects from available analytic expressions which incorporate the backreaction effects of the quantum field on the detector behavior [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. QUANTUM COMPLEXITY IN GRAPHENE.
- Author
-
BASKARAN, G.
- Subjects
QUANTUM theory ,GRAPHENE ,CARBON ,ROBUST control ,QUANTUM field theory ,MAGNETIC fields ,COMPUTATIONAL complexity - Abstract
Carbon has a unique position among elements in the periodic table. It produces an allotrope, graphene, a mechanically robust two dimensional semimetal. The multifarious properties that graphene exhibits has few parallels among elemental metals. From simplicity, namely carbon atoms connected by pure sp
2 bonds, a wealth of novel quantum properties emerge. In classical complex systems such as a spin glass or a finance market, several competing agents or elements are responsible for unanticipated and difficult to predict emergent properties. The complex (sic) structure of quantum mechanics is responsbile for an unanticipated set of emergent properties in graphene. We call this quantum complexity. In fact, most quantum systems, phenomena and modern quantum field theory could be viewed as examples of quantum complexity. After giving a brief introduction to the quantum complexity we focus on our own work, which indicates the breadth in the type of quantum phenomena that graphene could support. We review our theoretical suggestions of, (i) spin-1 collective mode in netural graphene, (ii) relativistic type of phenomena in crossed electric and magnetic fields, (iii) room temperature superconductivity in doped graphene and (iv) composite Fermi sea in neutral graphene in uniform magnetic field and (v) two-channel Kondo effect. Except for the relativistic type of phenomena, the rest depend in a fundamental way on a weak electron correlation that exists in the broad two-dimensional band of graphene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. NEW HORIZONS IN GRAVITY: THE TRACE ANOMALY, DARK ENERGY AND CONDENSATE STARS.
- Author
-
MOTTOLA, EMIL
- Subjects
GRAVITY ,HORIZON ,DARK energy ,CONDENSATION ,FIELD theory (Physics) ,QUANTUM field theory ,STARS - Published
- 2010
46. Zitterbewegung in Quantum Mechanics.
- Author
-
Hestenes, David
- Subjects
QUANTUM theory ,PARTICLES (Nuclear physics) ,QUANTUM field theory ,PARTIAL differential equations ,DIELECTRICS - Abstract
The possibility that zitterbewegung opens a window to particle substructure in quantum mechanics is explored by constructing a particle model with structural features inherent in the Dirac equation. This paper develops a self-contained dynamical model of the electron as a lightlike particle with helical zitterbewegung and electromagnetic interactions. The model admits periodic solutions with quantized energy, and the correct magnetic moment is generated by charge circulation. It attributes to the electron an electric dipole moment rotating with ultrahigh frequency, and the possibility of observing this directly as a resonance in electron channeling is analyzed in detail. Correspondence with the Dirac equation is discussed. A modification of the Dirac equation is suggested to incorporate the rotating dipole moment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. HIGH ENERGY SCATTERING IN QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS.
- Author
-
GELIS, FRANÇOIS, LAPPI, TUOMAS, and VENUGOPALAN, RAJU
- Subjects
PARTICLES (Nuclear physics) ,QUANTUM electrodynamics ,HADRONS ,QUANTUM chromodynamics ,QUANTUM field theory ,QUARK-gluon plasma - Abstract
In this series of three lectures, we discuss several aspects of high energy scattering among hadrons in Quantum Chromodynamics. The first lecture is devoted to a description of the parton model, Bjorken scaling and the scaling violations due to the evolution of parton distributions with the transverse resolution scale. The second lecture describes parton evolution at small momentum fraction x, the phenomenon of gluon saturation and the Color Glass Condensate (CGC). In the third lecture, we present the application of the CGC to the study of high energy hadronic collisions, with emphasis on nucleus-nucleus collisions. In particular, we provide the outline of a proof of high energy factorization for inclusive gluon production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. The Dynamical Casimir Effect and Energetic Sources for Gamma Ray Bursts.
- Author
-
Xue, She-Sheng
- Subjects
QUANTUM field theory ,GRAVITATIONAL fields ,VACUUM - Abstract
On the analogy of the Casimir effect, we present an effect of quantum-field fluctuations, attributed to gravitational field coupling to the zero-point energy of virtual particles in the vacuum. In the process of black hole's formation, such an effect could cause tremendous energy release, possibly describing a scenario of energetic sources for observed gamma ray bursts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Meson thermalization by baryon injection in D4/D6 model
- Author
-
Zahra Rezaei
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory ,Quantum chromodynamics ,Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Particle physics ,Meson ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,High Energy Physics::Lattice ,Nuclear Theory ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,FOS: Physical sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Gluon ,Baryon ,AdS/CFT correspondence ,High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th) ,Quantum electrodynamics ,0103 physical sciences ,Quark–gluon plasma ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Baryon number ,Quantum field theory ,Nuclear Experiment ,010306 general physics - Abstract
We study meson thermalization in a strongly coupled plasma of quarks and gluons using AdS/CFT duality technique. Four dimensional large-Nc QCD is considered as a theory governing this quark-gluon plasma (QGP) and D4/D6- brane model is chosen to be its holographic dual theory. In order to investigate meson thermalization, we consider a time-dependent change of baryon number chemical potential. Thermalization in gauge theory side corresponds to horizon formation on the probe flavor brane in the gravity side. The gravitational dual theory is compactified on a circle that the inverse of its radius is proportional to energy scale of dual gauge theory. It is seen that increase of this energy scale results in thermalization time dilation. In addition we study the effect of magnetic field on meson thermalization. It will be seen that magnetic field also prolongs thermalization process by making mesons more stable., 23 pages, 8 figures
- Published
- 2016
50. Quantum Correlations, Nuclearity, and Spacetime Curvature.
- Author
-
Schumann, R.
- Abstract
It is proved for a Haag–Araki–Kastler quantum field theory, that gravitation reduces the correlations in the vacuum state. Secondly, we prove Bell's inequalities by nuclearity assumptions. The so-called ε-content of certain compact mappings restricts the size of the set of measurements which violate Bell's inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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