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Vitamin D is one of the most essential nutrients for brain development, and deficiencies during pregnancy and early childhood development might be associated with autism. Regular monitoring of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 level could help in early diagnosis and therapy. Analytical measurement of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 level using the traditional matrix-matched calibration technique yields inaccurate results due to absence of serum matrix free from 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. The aim of this work was to develop a validated spectrofluorimetric methodology based on the standard addition approach for quantifying 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels in real serum samples of autistic children. The spectrofluorimetric methodology utilizes functionalized graphene quantum dots as a fluorescent probe for selective quantification of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 level, which is based on measuring the quenching properties of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 on a fluorescent probe. The standard addition approach exhibits a minimal matrix interference since it identically utilizes the same matrix of each study sample for creating its own calibration curve. The method was validated using the guidelines outlined in ICH M10 draft for endogenous compounds quantification. The method was successfully applied for quantifying the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels in autistic and healthy children, and autistic children had significantly lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels (with a mean ± SD of 23.80 ± 17.19) when compared to healthy children (with a mean ± SD of 50.13 ± 18.74, P < 0.001). These results suggested an association between vitamin D deficiency and autism., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Autism spectrum disorder is a significant concern worldwide, particularly in Middle Eastern countries. Aripiprazole, a psychiatric medicine that works as a partial agonist at D 2 receptors, is often used for autism-related behavior issues in children. Monitoring the therapy of aripiprazole could enhance the safety and effectiveness of treatment for autistic individuals. The purpose of this study was to develop a highly sensitive and environmentally friendly method for analysis of aripiprazole in plasma matrix. To achieve this, water-soluble N-carbon quantum dots were produced from a natural green precursor, guava fruit, and used in fluorescence quenching spectroscopy to determine the presence of aripiprazole. The synthesized dots were analyzed and characterized using transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and they showed a strong fluorescence emission peak at 475 nm. The proposed method was validated according to ICH M10 guidelines and was shown to be highly sensitive, allowing for nanoscale determination of aripiprazole in plasma matrix. Additionally, the method was compared to a previously reported spectrophotometric method, and it was found to be more sensitive and consistent with the principles of green analytical chemistry., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

[Display omitted] • Green spectrofluorometric method using GQDs for precise cenobamate analysis. • Enhanced sensitivity and eco-friendly cenobamate detection. • Optimized assay for maximized fluorescence quenching and accurate drug analysis. • Validated high-throughput method for pharmaceuticals and pharmacokinetic studies. Here, a novel spectrofluorimetric method based on functionalized graphene quantum dots (GQDs) is proposed for the quantitative determination of cenobamate, a new antiepileptic drug. The method combines the unique optical properties of GQDs, such as excellent fluorescence emission and photostability, with functionalization to enhance the selectivity and sensitivity of the probe towards cenobamate. Box-Behnken design was employed as response surface methodology to optimize the experimental conditions, including pH, concentration of GQDs and incubation time. In addition, the method was validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness. The method displayed excellent linearity in the concentration range 0.25–2 μg mL−1 (R2 = 0.9998) with a detection limit of 0.0297 μg mL−1. The method also demonstrated high accuracy with mean recovery values of 99.48 ± 0.752 % and satisfactory precision with relative standard deviation values below 2 %. Moreover, the method was successfully validated for the determination of cenobamate in spiked human serum samples, with good recovery values ranging from ranging from 91.65 to 107.48 % and CV% below 5 %. Asides, the developed method shows excellent greenness evaluation, as it eliminates the need for hazardous reagents with simple instrumentation and low waste generation with AGREE score of 0.78. The proposed method has great potential both analytically and clinically, as it was successfully applied for the determination of cenobamate in pharmaceutical formulations and pharmacokinetic studies. This method provides powerful insights into the application of GQDs within the field of pharmaceutical analysis. While the method offers several advantages, including high sensitivity, excellent selectivity, and environmental friendliness, it requires careful control of experimental conditions to achieve optimal performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]