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Background: Spinal muscular atrophy is one of the most common neuromuscular disorders in children. Associated with progressive muscular weakness, it may assume a chronic course. In chronic disorders it is of utmost importance to determine the quality of life level., Objective: To determine the level of quality of life in a cohort of SMA children and adolescents, and study its relation to motor ability., Methods: From the children and adolescents with confirmed SMA diagnosis (presence of deletion) followed at a University Hospital, we selected those that were 4 years or older. They were classified as SMA type II or III according to their best motor ability, evaluated according to the modified Hammersmith functional score, and undertook the AUQEI Portuguese version to determine quality of life. This is an Institutional Review Board approved study and consent was given by all those included., Results: Thirty-three children and adolescent with a mean age of 10.28 (± 4.71) took part of the study. The fourteen SMA type II had a mean Hammersmith score of 11 (± 9.50) and AUQEI of 55.85 (± 7.16), while the nineteen SMA type III scored 31.10 (± 12.30) and 52.94 (± 4.85). No significant difference was found when quality of life scores was compared among those groups., Conclusion: On a self-reported scale it seems that regardless the functional status an SMA child and adolescent has a perception of good quality of life., (© 2010 European Paediatric Neurology Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective: This study aimed to assess the level of agreement between two commonly used oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) measures, the short form of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP14) and the Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (OIDP)., Methods: A sample of 1,675 15- to 16-year-old students attending all schools in Bauru (Sao Paulo, Brazil) was selected. The impact of oral conditions on quality of life in the last 6 months was reported using both OHIP14 and OIDP. To allow for comparison with the 100 percent OIDP score, OHIP14 scores were converted to percentages. Then, agreement between the two OHRQoL measures was analyzed using the Bland and Altman method., Results: The mean difference between OHIP14 and OIDP was 6.48 percent [confidence interval 95% (6.08; 6.89)], with higher scores reported for OHIP14 than for OIDP. Besides, 95 percent of the differences between the two OHRQoL measures were between -10.59 and 23.56 percent. Finally, differences between OHIP14 and OIDP increased significantly as the magnitude of their average increased (P < 0.001)., Conclusion: There was a moderate level of agreement between OHIP14 and OIDP, which may be partly due to the fact that both OHRQoL measures assess different levels of oral impacts on quality of life in addition to having different scoring systems.

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of condition-specific impacts on daily performances attributed to malocclusion in British adolescents. Two hundred 16- to 17-year-old adolescents were randomly selected from 957 children attending a public college in London, UK. During interviews, participants provided information about demographic variables and socio-dental impacts on quality of life attributed to malocclusions, using the Condition-Specific form of the Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (CS-OIDP) index. Adolescents were also clinically examined using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need. Statistical comparison by covariates was performed using chi-squared test and chi-squared test for trends. The prevalence of oral impacts on daily performances attributed to any oral condition was 26.5% whereas the prevalence of CS-OIDP attributed to malocclusion was 21.5%. There was no statistically significant difference by sex, age, ethnicity or orthodontic treatment status of schoolchildren in the prevalence of CS-OIDP attributed to malocclusion (P >/= 0.243 for all cases). However, there was a linear trend for the prevalence of CS-OIDP attributed to malocclusion, by level of normative orthodontic treatment need (P = 0.042). The prevalence of such impacts increased from 16.8% for adolescents with no/slight need for orthodontic treatment, to 31.7% for those with definite need for orthodontic treatment. Although findings support the idea that malocclusion has physical, psychological and social effects on quality of life of these adolescents, the inconsistencies in findings between the self-reports of impacts of malocclusion and the assessment of normative needs highlight the shortcomings of using only clinical indexes to estimate orthodontic treatment needs.

Objective: To compare the prevalence, intensity, and extent of condition-specific oral impacts on quality of life attributed to malocclusion by Brazilian adolescents with normal occlusion and those with Angle Class I, II, and III malocclusion., Materials and Methods: Four groups of 55 adolescents were configured such that each group represented normal occlusion, as well as Angle Class I, II, and III malocclusion. No radiographs were taken. Adolescents aged 15 to 16 years were selected from those attending all secondary schools in Bauru (Sao Paulo, Brazil). The Oral Impacts on Daily Performances index was used to collect data on condition-specific impacts (CSIs) attributed to malocclusion. The prevalence, as well as the intensity and extent, of CSIs was compared among the four groups with the use of Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests, respectively., Results: Groups were comparable according to sex, age, and socioeconomic status. The prevalence of CSI was significantly different between groups (P = .039). Class II and III malocclusion groups reported a higher prevalence of CSI than those with normal occlusion and Class I malocclusion. However, the intensity and extent of CSI were not significantly different between groups., Conclusions: The prevalence, but not the intensity and extent, of CSIs attributed to malocclusion differed among groups with different malocclusions. The present findings support the concept that malocclusion has physical, psychological, and social effects on quality of life.

Background: At present, there is no evidence on whether using condition-specific Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) measures provides more reliable information than generic measures for needs assessment. Therefore, the objective was to assess the discriminative ability of one generic and one condition-specific OHRQoL measure, namely, respectively, the short form of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) and the Condition-Specific form of the Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (CS-OIDP) attributed to malocclusion, between adolescents with and without normative need for orthodontic treatment., Methods: 200 16-17-year-old adolescents were randomly selected from 957 schoolchildren attending a Sixth Form College in London, United Kingdom. The impact of their oral conditions on quality of life during the last 6 months was assessed using two OHRQoL measures; OHIP-14 and OIDP. Adolescents were also examined for normative orthodontic treatment need using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) and the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Discriminative ability was assessed comparing the overall scores and prevalence of oral impacts, calculated using each OHRQoL measure, between adolescents with and without normative need. Using the prevalence of oral impacts allowed adjusting for covariates., Results: There were significant differences in overall scores for CS-OIDP attributed to malocclusion between adolescents with and without normative need for orthodontic treatment when IOTN or DAI were used to define need (p = 0.029 or 0.011 respectively), and in overall scores for OHIP-14 when DAI, but not IOTN was used to define need (p = 0.029 and 0.080 respectively). For the prevalence of impacts, only the prevalence of CS-OIDP attributed to malocclusion differed significantly between adolescents with and without normative need, even after adjusting for covariates (p = 0.017 and 0.049 using IOTN and DAI to define need)., Conclusion: CS-OIDP attributed to malocclusion was better able than OHIP-14 to discriminate between adolescents with and without normative needs for orthodontic treatment.

Objective: To assess the prevalence, intensity, and extent of the impacts on daily performances related to wearing different types of orthodontic appliances., Materials and Methods: A total of 1657 students, 15 to 16 years old, were randomly selected from those attending all secondary schools in Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. Only those wearing orthodontic appliances at the time of the survey were included. Face-to-face structured interviews were done to collect information about impacts on quality of life related to wearing orthodontic appliances, using the Oral Impact on Daily Performances (OIDP). Adolescents were also clinically examined to assess the type of orthodontic appliance they were wearing. Comparisons, by type of orthodontic appliance and covariables, were performed using nonparametric statistical tests., Results: Three hundred fifty-seven adolescents (36.1% boys and 63.9% girls) undergoing orthodontic treatment participated in the study. The prevalence of condition-specific impacts related to wearing orthodontic appliances was 22.7%. Among adolescents with impacts related to wearing orthodontic appliances, 35.8% reported impacts of severe or very severe intensity and 90.1% reported impacts on only one daily performance, commonly eating or speaking. The prevalence, but not the intensity or the extent, of condition-specific impacts differed by type of orthodontic appliance (P = .001)., Conclusions: One in four Brazilian adolescents undergoing orthodontic treatment reported side effects, specific impacts on daily living, related to wearing orthodontic appliances. Such impacts were higher among adolescents wearing fixed rather than removable or a combination of fixed and removable orthodontic appliances. This information could help to inform patients about the frequency and intensity of sociodental impacts during the course of their treatment.

Objective: To evaluate whether the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) could be improved by adding an oral health-related quality of life measure to predict both the outcome of orthodontic consultation and the child's perceived need for orthodontic treatment., Methods: The sample consisted of 187 children aged 11-16 years referred to orthodontic clinics in the Bedfordshire Personal Dental Service (PDS) in the United Kingdom. The children completed a questionnaire containing the Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ11-14), were clinically examined and completed the Child-OIDP index in face-to-face interviews. Demographic information and perceived need for orthodontic treatment were also collected. Clinical data on orthodontic treatment need was collected using the IOTN., Results: 49.3% of children reported one or more oral impacts. Combining the IOTN index with either of the two oral health-related quality of life measures used in this study did not predict outcome of consultation, however it explained children's perceived need for braces. There were some discrepancies between need according to the orthodontist and children's perceptions., Conclusions: Adding an oral health-related quality of life measure to IOTN did not influence prediction of outcome of consultation but it explained the prediction of perceived need for braces. Importantly, children with an impact were denied orthodontic treatment.

The aim of this study was to assess the association between different anterior occlusal traits and the presence of condition-specific sociodental impacts on the quality of life attributed to malocclusion. For that, 1,318 15-16-yr-old adolescents were randomly selected from children attending all secondary schools in Bauru, Brazil. Participants were first interviewed and then dentally examined. Condition-specific impacts (CSI) attributed to malocclusion were calculated using the Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (OIDP index). Nine anterior occlusal traits were evaluated: maxillary and mandibular overjet; openbite and overbite; centreline deviation; dental crowding and spacing; and maxillary and mandibular irregularity. Statistical associations were tested using binary logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of CSI attributed to malocclusions was 21.2%. Of the nine occlusal traits evaluated, maxillary and mandibular overjet, centreline deviation, dental spacing, openbite, and maxillary irregularity were, in that order, directly associated with the presence of CSI attributed to malocclusion. No interaction term was identified. This study, designed to overcome the limitations found in the existing literature, supports the idea that malocclusion can affect social interaction and psychosocial wellbeing. Different anterior occlusal traits affected the quality of life differently.

Objective: To assess whether Brazilian adolescents who had completed orthodontic treatment had lower levels of impacts on their oral health-related quality of life., Design: A cross-sectional study., Setting: The study was conducted in public and private secondary schools in Bauru-SP, Brazil., Participants: 1675 randomly selected adolescents aged between 15 and 16 years., Methods: Adolescents were clinically examined using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Two oral health-related quality of life measures, namely the Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP) and the shortened version of the Oral Health Impacts Profile (OHIP-14) were used to assess adolescents' oral health-related impacts. Multiple logistic regression was used in the data analysis., Results: A response rate of 100% was obtained. Adolescents who had completed orthodontic treatment had fewer oral health-related impacts compared to the other two groups. They were 1.85 times (95% CI 1.30 to 2.62) less likely to have an oral health impact on their daily life activities than adolescents currently under treatment or 1.43 (1.01 to 2.02) times than those who never had treatment., Conclusions: Adolescents who had completed orthodontic treatment had a better oral health-related quality of life than those currently under treatment or those who never had treatment.

Objectives: The first objective was to assess whether having had orthodontic treatment affected the levels of oral health-related quality of life impacts in Brazilian adolescents. A second objective was to assess the relationship between a normative clinical measure of orthodontic treatment need and two measures of oral health-related quality of life., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Bauru, SP, Brazil, on 1675 randomly selected adolescents aged between 15 and 16 years. Adolescents were clinically examined using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Two oral health-related quality of life measures, namely the Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP) and the shortened version of the Oral Health Impacts Profile (OHIP-14) were used to assess the adolescents' oral health-related impacts. Multiple logistic regression was used in the data analysis., Results: Adolescents who had completed orthodontic treatment reported less oral health impacts on their daily life activities than those currently under treatment or those who never had any treatment. Combining the IOTN index with either of the two oral health-related quality of life measures used in this study provided more information about the adolescents' perceived satisfaction with their appearance than the IOTN on its own., Conclusion: Current methods of assessing orthodontic need should be complemented by oral health-related quality of life measures with valid psychometric properties, and measures of perceived need.