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This paper presents an analytical model of a silicon nitride-based 2D ring resonator refractive index (RI) sensor using coupled mode theory (CMT). The proposed model decomposes the ring resonator into two coupling regions and employs coupled-mode equations to describe input and output amplitudes via scattering matrix analysis. The proposed sensor, operating with varying refractive indices in the background cladding, demonstrates a sensitivity of 218 nm/RIU and a total quality factor of 1198. A comprehensive analysis of the bending loss in the proposed sensor is conducted, elucidating its impact on sensitivity, coupling quality factor, and intrinsic quality factor. This analysis aids in the selection of optimal ring resonator parameters, including radius, width, and gap, to achieve superior sensing performance. Furthermore, the paper examines the effect of dispersion on sensitivity and quality and compares the results with those obtained from CMT-based silicon core ring resonator and disk resonator RI sensors. This study provides valuable insights for the design and optimization of high-performance silicon nitride-based RI sensors for various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, different types of whispering gallery mode ring resonator structures such as strip, slotted, hybrid plasmonic mode, and subwavelength grating ring resonators are simulated using the finite difference time domain method (FDTD). The proposed devices are modeled to be used as refractive index sensor. The comparative analysis of strip, slotted, hybrid plasmonic mode, and subwavelength grating ring resonators is done in terms of sensitivity, Q factor, and figure of merit (FOM) to find out the most suitable device according to the requirement. Additionally, the effect of waveguide width on sensitivity and Q factor is analyzed. The analysis shows that, compared to other simulated whispering gallery mode ring resonator sensor designs, the subwavelength grating ring resonator produces the best sensitivity of 1012 nm/RIU, and the slotted ring resonator produces the best FOM of 1610. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]