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Industrial quality control systems in mass production facilities must exhibit a very high level of defect detection efficiency. The continuous increase in quality control and process automation requirements is leading companies to increasingly experiment with artificial intelligence methods to boost efficiency. One potential application area for AI is visual inspection, which is an essential element of almost every quality control process. In this article, we propose the use of neural networks for the visual inspection of rotationally symmetric components. The presented method leverages the existence of symmetry to represent images in a polar coordinate system and to implement the learning process on data modified in this way. An undeniable advantage of the proposed algorithm is also the transition from a two-dimensional to a one-dimensional representation, which significantly reduces the demand for memory resources and the required computational power. This is particularly important in mass production processes, where the time for data analysis is relatively short. The high repeatability of images due to the mass production nature makes this model exceptionally effective, allowing not only to confirm the presence of defects but even to locate them. The obtained results are compared with the results achieved using a convolutional neural network operating on two-dimensional images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Automobile Technology & Material is the property of Automobile Technology & Material Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aspherical surfaces, with their varying curvature, minimize aberrations and enhance clarity, making them essential in optics, aerospace, medical devices, and telecommunications. However, manufacturing these surfaces is challenging because of systematic errors in CNC equipment, tool wear, measurement inaccuracies, and environmental disturbances. These issues necessitate precise error compensation to achieve the desired surface shape. Traditional methods for spherical optics are inadequate for aspherical components, making accurate surface shape error detection and compensation crucial. This study integrates advanced metrology with optimized material removal functions in the grinding and polishing processes. By combining numerical control technology, computer technology, and data analysis, we developed CAM software (version 1) tailored for aspherical surfaces. This software uses a compensation correction algorithm to process error data and generate NC programs for machining. Our approach automates and digitizes the grinding and polishing process, improving efficiency and surface accuracy. This advancement enables high-precision mass production of rotationally symmetrical aspherical optical components, addressing existing manufacturing challenges and enhancing optical system performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to successfully achieve mass production in NAND flash memory, a novel test procedure has been proposed to electrically detect and screen the channel hole defects, such as Not-Open, Bowing, and Bending, which are unique in high-density 3D NAND flash memory. Since channel hole defects lead to catastrophic failure (i.e., malfunction of basic NAND operations), detecting and screening defects in advance is one of the key challenges of guaranteeing the quality of flash products in the NAND manufacturing process. Based on analysis of the physical and electrical mechanisms of the channel hole defect, we have developed a two-step test procedure that consists of pattern-based and stress-based screen methodologies. By optimizing test patterns depending on the type of defect, the pattern-based screen is effective for detecting the type of Hard channel hole defects. The stress-based screen is carefully implemented to detect hidden Soft channel hole defects without degrading the reliability of NAND flash memory. In addition, we have attempted to further optimize the current version of our technique to minimize test time overhead, thus enabling 72.2% improvement in total test time. Experimental results using real 160 3D NAND flash chips show that our technique can efficiently detect and screen out various types of channel hole defects with minimum test time and negligible degradation in the flash reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface miner was introduced for coal extraction at Lakhanpur open cast project of Mahanadi Coalfields Limited in 1999 for the first time and owing to its success and benefits it offered like elimination of drilling and blasting, smooth and stable high wall, selective mining for quality control and uniform output fragment size (-100mm) etc. it was adopted in many open cast coal mines and now has become a disruptive mass production technology for coal mining in India. In terms of coal resources in the country, Odisha stands first with 88.104 BT resources but the coal seams in Odisha are characterized by its high ash content and interlaced dirt bands (10 cm to 1.5 m) often termed as rejects. For maintaining coal quality, these dirt bands predominantly of sandstone and shale are also cut by surface miners and are segregated at the time of loading and transported to reject dumps or overburden dumps. These dirt bands have a significant impact on the performance of surface miners and must be taken into account during their selection. The authors, based on the intensive field study undertaken at different opencast coal mines in Odisha highlighted the impact of in-seam dirt bands in coal seams on the performance indicators of surface miners which are normalized production rate, diesel and pick consumption for cutting 1000te of material in this paper. Pick consumption was found to vary linearly with the quantum of abrasive material cut. Empirical relations for estimating monthly normalized production, diesel consumption, and pick consumption of surface miners operating in coal seams with intermittent dirt bands with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.74, 0.84, and 0.73 respectively were also developed. The developed relations were validated with the field data and the % error was found to be within +20%. This study helps the coal mining companies in the selection of suitable surface miners for achieving targeted production and also for planning inventory of picks and diesel during its operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of DYNA - Ingeniería e Industria is the property of Publicaciones Dyna SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Telenomus remus (Nixon) is a dominant natural enemy controlling the invasive pest Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). Continuous rearing of egg parasitoids on alternative hosts is crucial for mass production and cost reduction. However, to ensure the effectiveness of natural enemy products against target pests in the field, it is necessary to evaluate the parasitoid quality during the mass‐rearing process. Despite the successful rearing of this parasitoid on the alternative host Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) eggs, less attention has been paid to the quality of parasitoids continuously reared for multiple generations. Therefore, we evaluated the performance of T. remus reared on S. litura eggs for 30 generations via morphological characteristics, flight ability, and life table analysis. RESULTS: Wing length, wing width, body length, and right hind tibia length of T. remus did not differ among the different generations. However, the body length of female parasitoids was significantly longer than that of males for any generation. Although the proportion of 'flyers' and 'deformed' T. remus varied among generations, the flight ability did not decline significantly after rearing on S. litura eggs. Moreover, T. remus continuously reared on S. litura eggs maintained stable parasitism performance and life table parameters on the target host S. frugiperda eggs. CONCLUSION: S. litura eggs are suitable hosts for the mass‐rearing of T. remus. This study can be subsequently used to guide the production and facilitate the application of T. remus in the control of S. frugiperda. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Currently, exosomes were widely attracted as a new form of drug carrier by many researchers. Based on the modification by different bioengineering techniques, natural exosomes were engineered to obtain the enhanced exosomal characteristics and functions. OBJECTIVE: To review the preparation strategies, research progress and challenges in clinical translation of engineered exosomes. METHODS: We searched the articles on PubMed database and FDA online statements with the key words of “extracellular vesicles, exosomes, drug delivery, engineering, engineered, treatment, clinical translation, scale production, isolation, characterization, quality control, storage, safety” in English. Finally, 73 articles and 1 statement met the criteria for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Engineered exosomes can be produced by cell engineering and exosome engineering. The enhanced properties of engineered exosomes manufactured by the two strategies have been verified in basic research, which proves that they have great clinical application prospects. However, both of them have a series of problems such as biosafety and low drug loading efficiency that need to be solved. (2) Engineered exosomes have been proven to have great clinical application potential in various fields such as tumor, cardiovascular disease, tissue regeneration and repair, and nervous system diseases, and have shown better therapeutic effect and targeting ability than natural exosomes. (3) Clinical transformation of engineered exosomes faces many problems and challenges. All kinds of common cells can be used for exosome production and manufacturing. Changes in cell number and culture condition will lead to variation in exosomes. Expanding the scale of cell culture is the most direct method for mass production of exosomes. Different extraction methods will affect the yield and the homogeneity of exosome. The methods on scale culture, isolation and extraction need to be standardized. Characterization and quantification can predict the expected therapeutic potential of drug-loaded exosome systems. It is necessary to further develop gold standards for the quantification of exosomes and the description of molecular and physical characteristics. Exosome products require additional quality control to ensure that the exosome end products meet key quality attributes. Freeze-drying is most conducive process to the commercialize exosome therapeutic drugs. Guideline for the safety and efficacy of exosomes product has not been issued yet, and it is necessary to improve existing methods or find new methods to prove the safety and efficacy of engineered exosomes. (4) Although none of the engineered exosomes has been officially clinically applied yet, their therapeutic potential is indisputable. There is still a long way to go before commercial engineered exosome products are ready for the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Automobile Technology & Material is the property of Automobile Technology & Material Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives] This study was conducted to establish the quality standard of Danshen Jianxin Capsules. [Methods] Orthogonal design was adopted to optimize the water extraction process by taking the amount of water added, extraction time and extraction times as factors, and the content of tanshinone I as the index. Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Notoginseng Radix Et Rhizoma and Radix Astragali in the capsules were qualitatively identified by TLC, and the content of tanshinone I in the capsules was determined by HPLC. [Results] The best water extraction process included the steps of adding 12 times of water each time, extracting the materials twice, for 1 h each time. In TLC identification, the test samples showed spots of the same color at the positions corresponding to tanshinone II A, ginsenoside Rgl, notoginsenoside R1 and astragaloside IV reference samples. [Conclusions] Danshen Jianxin Capsules was prepared by the water extraction method, which is characterized by high efficiency and being suitable for mass production. The quality control method is reliable, fast and accurate, which can effectively control the quality of the product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuous fibre-reinforced thermoplastics (FRTPs) are replacing metals in certain applications in the aerospace industry due to their superior properties e.g., high strength-to-weight ratio and good fatigue resistance. Adopting these lightweight materials in vehicles is a solution for improving vehicle efficiency across the transport industry. Among various manufacturing techniques for FRTP parts, stamp forming is one of the most advantageous when small structures and mass production are targeted. However, a significant barrier for this technique is the quality control of manufacturing. The current paper reviews the development of stamp forming technology, benefits of using such technology and the typical quality issues in stamp forming of FRTP parts. First, advantages of stamp forming, compared to other thermoforming techniques, are discussed, followed by a review of the historical development of the process. Second, deformation mechanisms of FRTPs during stamp forming are examined, with particular focuses on the frictional behaviour and testing thereof. Third, the main defects associated with stamp forming are considered, alongside suggestions towards reducing their presence. Finally, an extensive survey of the effect of process parameters on the mechanical properties of formed parts is included, with generally expected trends highlighted and methodologies for finding optimum conditions presented. Based on the thorough review of state-of-the-art stamp forming, future trends and research gaps to be tackled for widening the applicability of FRTP stamp forming are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issues related to the reliability of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles and increasing the efficiency of using hydrogen as fuel when using the method of its production during the decomposition of hydrogen-containing molecules of liquid-phase organic compounds in a plasma discharge under the action of intense ultrasonic exposure are considered. Experiments have shown that as a result of decomposition in the acoustoplasma discharge of liquid hydrocarbons, solid-phase carbon-containing products are formed, chemical transformations occur in the liquid phase and hydrogen-containing combustible gas is formed. Hydrogen-containing gas can be used as fuel immediately after synthesis, i.e. it does not require separation, since in addition to hydrogen it contains only impurities of CO 2 and water vapor. The purpose of the study is to formalize the basic conditions for tightening the control of mutual compliance with the efficiency of hydrogen engines of the same series in the conditions of their mass production. Methods of mathematical statistics and hardware-software modeling were used in the study. The term "unerroric of quality mutual compliance control" is introduced to describe a set of hardware and software tools for such control. The principle of in-depth testing of the technical condition of such engines of one series is described in a multidimensional formulation of the quality control problem for three of their operating parameters at once. The conditions for increasing the mutual correspondence of the measured values of such parameters in the conditions of serial production of hydrogen engines are formalized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Injection molding is an effective mass production process for plastic, partly due to a number of advantages such as complex shape moldability, material selectivity, and a rapid process cycle. However, highly labor-based conventional production restrains the development of the industry. Experience-driven molding setups are used to trial the mold process, and also for quality checking the molded part for mass production. There is no effective solution for maintaining the production stability and defect-free adjustment. This study aimed to establish scientific packing pressure setup technology to optimize the molded part quality and the stability of consecutive production. The dynamic packing pressure setup technology for molded part quality and the process stability were investigated. This not only achieves the optimization of the packing pressure setup, but the stabilization of quality in mass production. Four major qualities were discussed in this study including tensile strength, regional deviation on shrinkage, total shrinkage, and warpage. The qualities improved by up to 3.9%, 92.9%, 41.9%, and 9.2%, respectively. A series of pilot runs of 300 cycles for two packing pressure control methods were tested to investigate the stability of the qualities. Dynamic packing pressure control improved the weight replication by 54%, reduced total shrinkage by 23%, and improved the warpage by 12%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field of non-destructive testing using thermography (NDT—Non-Destructive Testing and NDE—Non Destructive Evaluation) was established in the 1960s as a competitive and complementary method to ultrasonic or X-ray testing. Non-destructive quality control of objects is essential in modern industry, especially in mass production. It is an integral part of the quality control process. The reason for the introduction of non-destructive testing into diagnostic techniques were disasters and failures of various equipment and structures. Over the years, a division has been drawn between passive and active thermography. The aim of this publication is to present the theoretical basis of non-destructive testing with the use of active infrared thermography methods. It describes selected models of transient heat flow (thermal wave) in objects of various shapes and physical properties. They are the basis for understanding the changes in the surface temperature of the studied objects in time, which are the response to thermal excitation of different nature. An example of their effective application in engineering practice is the author's software, in which the recorded time response is matched to the analytical solution, and on this basis detected anomalies are parameterized, detected by the fusion of various techniques of thermal image processing and analysis methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Material appearance is an important factor in product design because it tends to attract consumers. Effect coatings that contain aluminum and interference pigments are widely used in automobiles. The color and sparkle values of these coatings vary with the observation angle. Several methods have been proposed to study these variations with respect to the observation angle. However, a high angular resolution is required to understand human perception. Thus, we developed a measurement device that can analyze the color and sparkle values at a high angular resolution for multiple angles. The device captures the sample surface by using a line scan spectral camera. Because the lighting device rotates around the sample while the line scan camera is capturing images, each scan line that makes up the image contains different angle information. A comparison was performed among the results obtained from this study, a commercially available device, and a subjective value of sparkle perception. Twenty samples were required to confirm that the sparkle values calculated from this study correlated closely with the subjective scores. In addition, the difference between the color values obtained from the BYK‐mac i spectrophotometer and the proposed technique was less than 3.5 (ΔE00). The findings of this study will help in developing the appearance of effective coatings. In addition, using evaluation values, quality control, and improvement are possible after mass production of coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stiffened shells and plates are widely used in engineering. Their performance is highly influenced by the arrangement, or layout, of stiffeners on the base shell or plate and the geometric features, or topology, of these stiffeners. Moreover, modular design is beneficial, since it allows for increased quality control and mass production. In this work, a method is developed that simultaneously optimizes the topology of stiffeners and their layout on a base shell or plate. This is accomplished by introducing a fixed number of modular stiffeners, which are subject to density-based topology optimization and a mapping of these modules to a ground structure. To illustrate potential applications, several stiffened plates and shell examples are presented. All examples demonstrated that the proposed method is able to generate clear topologies for any number of modules and a distinct layout of the stiffeners on the base shell or plate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the results of a comprehensive characterization of special radiation-resistant multimode optical fibers, including complementary irradiation tests during mass production. Radiation-induced attenuation measurements were carried out at different wavelengths and the attenuation behavior studied with varying the dose rate. Following a preliminary qualification performed upstream the production, CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, validated the procurement of 500 km of fiber for installation in the accelerator complex and experiments. A strict quality assurance plan, including quality control and irradiation tests, was implemented for monitoring the characteristics of the supplied optical fibers all along the production process. The results show resistance to radiations consistently below 60 dB/km for a total dose of 10 kGy and a dose rate of 0.2 Gy/s and stable optical performance over hundreds of fiber spools produced during a 6-year period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Polonorum: Architectura is the property of Wydawnictwo SGGW and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One of the key targets of Industry 4.0 and digital production, in general, is the support of faster, cleaner, and increasingly customizable manufacturing processes. Additive manufacturing (AM) is a natural fit in this context, as it offers the possibility to produce complex parts without the design constraints of traditional manufacturing routes, typically reducing both material waste and time to market. Nonetheless, the lack of repeatability of the manufacturing process, which typically translates into a lack of reproducibility and reliability of the quality of the final products compared to traditional subtractive technologies, is currently one of the major barriers to the widespread adoption of AM in mass production. To overcome this limitation, there are growing efforts in recent years toward better integration of advanced information technologies into AM, exploiting the layer-by-layer nature of the build. The consequence of these efforts is twofold: 1) the integration of advanced sensing technologies into the AM systems, making possible the in situ monitoring of huge amounts of data at multiple time scales and resolutions and 2) the ever-increasing role of data-driven approaches [especially machine learning (ML)] in the analysis of such data to provide real-time quality monitoring and process optimization. This article introduces and reviews the key technological developments of this phenomenon, with a special focus on metal powder bed fusion (PBF) technologies that are attracting the highest attention by the industrial AM community. After introducing the main manufacturing quality issues and needs that have to be developed and optimized, we provide a wide overview of the latest progress of in situ monitoring and control in metal PBF, with special regards to sensing technologies and ML approaches. Finally, we identify the open challenges and future research directions in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous promotion of Industry 4.0, the mass production of composites will be entering Industry 4.0 in the near future. With respect to quality control, nondestructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) will become nondestructive testing and evaluation (NDE) 4.0 to seamlessly connect with Industry 4.0. Therefore, it is essential to develop innovative NDT&E methods and techniques for NDE 4.0. Although there are many facets of NDE 4.0, intelligent nondestructive testing and evaluation (iNDT&E) can be considered as a technical core of NDE 4.0. Therefore, we propose the development of iNDT&E techniques for composites. In this study, the development processes for NDE 1.0–4.0 are analyzed. The basic connotations of iNDT&E are discussed, and the basic framework and technical elements of iNDT&E are examined. As combined with ultrasonic iNDT&E for composites, the basic progress in iNDT&E techniques is reviewed from the perspectives of ultrasonic equipment, technology and methods, processes, and result evaluations and standards. Future development directions are presented for the iNDT&E techniques in NDE 4.0 for composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a new approach to classify six anomaly types of control chart patterns (CCP), of systematic pattern, cyclic pattern, upward shift, downward shift, upward trend, and downward trend. Current CCP recognition methods use either unprocessed raw data or complex transformed features (via principal component analysis or discrete wavelet transform) as the input representation for the classifier. The objective of using selected features is not only for dimension reduction of input representation, but also implies the process of data compression. In contrast, using raw data is often computationally inefficient while using transformed features is very tedious in most cases. Therefore, owing to its computational advantage, using appropriate features of CCP to achieve good classification accuracy becomes more promising in real process implementation. In this study, using three features of CCP shows quite a competitive performance in terms of classification accuracy and computational loading. More importantly, the proposed method presented here has potential to be generalized to medical, financial, and other application of temporal data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the technical difficulties of the pure-wool spinning equipment in the production process of multi-components semi-worsted fabrics, and to improve the product quality and production efficiency, the pure-wool spinning equipment was upgraded based on the semi-worsted technology, and then a kind of acrylic/ wool / polyamide blended fabric was developed which had a similar suede surface effects with semi-worsted fabrics. In this way, the utilization ratio of raw materials as well as the production efficiency were improved. The new developed double-face fabric had soft fluffy handle, good warmth and permeability characteristics. Besides, the processing adjusting and the quality control were taken in every process from spinning, weaving to finishing process, which can offer the guides for the following mass production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon pad sensors are proposed as active material in highly granular sampling calorimeters of future collider experiments such as the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) or the International Linear Collider (ILC). The electromagnetic section of these designs often include O(1000 m 2) of silicon pad sensors. For the luminosity measurement, a dedicated forward calorimeter called LumiCal is foreseen. More recently, the CMS experiment has decided to use the same concept in its endcap calorimeter upgrade for the HL-LHC. The sensors are typically produced from 6- or 8-inch wafers and consist of a few hundred smaller cells, each with an area of O(0.1 to 1 cm 2). For the prototyping phase of these projects, several design choices have to be evaluated while for mass production, thousands of sensors have to be tested for quality control. For the electrical characterisation of these sensors, it is important to bias them under realistic conditions. To fulfil these requirements, ARRAY, a compact, modular and cost efficient system for large area silicon pad sensor characterisation has been developed and successfully commissioned. It consists of two plugin printed circuit boards: an active switching matrix with 512 input channels that holds all controls and a passive probe card that connects to the sensor. The latter can then be adapted to any sensor geometry. All design files are open source. The system has been used to measure currents ranging from 500 pA to 5 μ A and capacitances between 5 pF and 100 pF. A precision of better than 0.2 pF on capacitance measurements in that range can be achieved. Examples of calibration and measurement results for leakage current and capacitance are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Trigger Data Serializer (TDS) is a custom ASIC designed for the upgrade of the innermost station of the endcap ATLAS Muon spectrometer. It is a mixed-signal chip with two working modes that can handle up to 128 detector channels. A total of 6000 TDS ASICs have been produced for detector operation. This paper discusses a custom automatic test platform we developed to provide quality control of the TDS ASICs. We introduce the design, illustrate the test procedures, and discuss the experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The time-of-flight system in the Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment is composed of super modules that are based on multigap resistive plate chambers for high-density and high-resolution time measurement. To evaluate the quality of detectors during mass production, a distributed data readout system was developed. Furthermore, a related data acquisition (DAQ) software was developed under Linux operating system to test and verify the feasibility of the utilized distributed data readout method. In this paper, the DAQ software focused on data collection, event building, status monitoring, and system control. Laboratory tests confirmed the function of the DAQ software for super module quality control and showed that the overall data transfer rate of a single data transmission path can reach up to ~550 Mb/s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyses (Boothroyd and Redford 1968) have indicated that knowledge of the relationship between parts quality and cost is essential if the performance of a mechanized assembly machine is to be optimized. For mass-production parts, improvements in parts quality are invariably obtained by some form of inspection and a knowledge of the cost of and efficiency of inspection is therefore desirable. Experiments have been carried out for visual inspection to determine the effect on inspection rate and efficiency of changing the quality of the part being inspected and the number, position and type of features of the part which can be inspected. The results of this work are presented in this paper and their significance is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract CAR-T therapy, grafting the specificity of a monoclonal antibody onto a T cell to target certain cancer cells, has been recognized as a promising therapeutic approach for cancer control as evidenced by the two CAR-T products proved by FDA in 2017. However, the unique heterogeneity of CAR-T therapy has restricted its production in a limited number of institutions and made it a boutique oncotherapy. By reviewing outstanding issues surrounding the commercial scale production of CAR-T therapy, we conclude that achieving mass production of CAR-T therapy without sacrificing its personalized nature is a worldwild challenge for making CAR-T a key element in the next generation of precision medicine, which can be achieved by standardizing 7 prominent factors that collectively determine the scale of CAR-T manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an in-process inspection approach for quality control of non-diffuse curved surfaces based upon an evolution of conventional photometric stereo. An inverse reflectance model is proposed to reveal the non-linear reflectance behaviour of general non-diffuse surfaces from images based on a neural network. The model can directly be used to drive a high accurate photometric stereo which only requires a single RGB image with a pre-captured collocated image. This allows the technique to realize in-process inspection of moving surfaces with micro-second level capturing rate. Experimental study confirms the excellent texture recovery and defect detection capabilities in mass production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In recent years, there has been a rapidly growing demand for readily accessible substrates for mass production of Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens Linnaeus. Beer production results in various by-products that typically end up in uncontrolled dumpsites constituting pollution problems, which merits urgent attention. The present study investigated whether the 12 formulated diets composed of brewers' spent grains (BSGs), brewers' yeast and cane molasses can serve as substrate for H. illucens production. Methods: Four different BSGs were selected and formulated into 12 diets, aiming at varying protein and net energy levels. The diets were offered to newly hatched (~1 h old) H. illucens larvae and the influence on developmental duration, survival, wet weight, pre-oviposition time, fecundity, and longevity were compared. Results: Developmental duration of the larvae (16-21 days) and pre-pupae (8-11 days) differed significantly across the different diets. The developmental duration of the pupae (8.7-9.1 days) was not affected by diet. The larval (86-99.2%), pre-pupal (71-95%), and pupal (65-91%) survival rates varied significantly between flies reared on the different diets. The pre-oviposition time was similar for flies provided with water (7-11 days) and 10% sugar solution (8-14 days) or across the different diets. The mean fecundity per female ranged from 324-787 eggs and did not differ between females provided with water or sugar solution. However, the number of eggs laid per female varied significantly across the different diets when provided with water. The longevity of starved H. illucens adults was significantly lower (5 days) compared to those provided with water (11-14 days) or sugar solution (14-15 days). Discussion: The implications of these findings as part of a quality control procedure for commercial production of high-quality H. illucens larvae as an alternative protein ingredient in livestock and aquaculture feed are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The end-cap time-of-flight (ETOF) system for the Beijing Spectrometer III (BESIII) has been upgraded using the Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chamber (MRPC) technology (Williams et al., 1999; Li et al., 2001; Blanco et al., 2003; Fonte et al., 2013, [1–4] ). A set of quality-assurance procedures has been developed to guarantee the performances of the 72 mass-produced MRPC modules installed. The cosmic ray batch testing show that the average detection efficiency of the MRPC modules is about 95%. Two different calibration methods indicate that MRPCs’ time resolution can reach 60 ps in the cosmic ray test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resistance spot welding (RSW) involves joining of contacting surfaces by heat generated by resistance to . The process is swift and finds demand in automobile industries for mass production. In spite of all the assets of the process, it yields a poor quality welds and inferior weld strength at the inner region of the joint interface. This may be improved by accurate setting of control parameters. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of various control parameters like electrode tip diameter, welding current, and heating cycle on the nugget size and tensile shear strength of dissimilar metal spot welding of 2-mm-thick AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel and 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel sheets. The Taguchi's L27 orthogonal array (OA) design is selected to conduct the experimental spot welding trials on the dissimilar materials. Subsequently, the specimens are examined usinganalysis of variance (ANOVA) technique to customize optimal parameter setting to obtain high tensile strength and favorable weld quality characteristics. The results reveal that welding current is the most dictating factor to achieve highest tensile strength with superior weld quality. Also, weld samples are prepared for metallographic examination from cross section areas of resistance spot welds to examine microstructure changes and ferrite content measurement in different regions of weld nugget. The microstructure examination shows that the weld nugget consists of ferrite and austenite and ferrite and there is no precipitate of detrimental phases in the weldment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The recommendation of structural standards, e.g. PN-B-03002, shows a need to control the production quality of wall-elements; the quality control demands suitable guidelines to fit the requirements of the current mass-production of the wall-elements, then, the structural standard recognizes the need of improving the methods to identify the real elements quality. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The proposed inspection methodology corresponds to assessment models that combine the numerical and symptomatic models to evaluate the critical levels of wall-elements, based on non-intrusive tests through the measurement of a set of signals, using the Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA)-based techniques. Findings – The presented work is developed with an approach that applies advanced calculating techniques used for the structural analysis in civil engineering focused on the technical state assessment. Originality/value – The paper proposes a diagnostic methodology that can be added to the current regulations and standards based on EMA techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are several trends of development of modern reliability theory; some of them are subjects of everyday engineering activity, like: quality control of mass production or 'pure' reliability. But most of these issues, such as: effectiveness, survivability, safety, security, are currently the subject of many works of conceptual, modeling, case study or survey nature. The aim of this article is show how the performance requirements of technical objects were supplemented with: customer expectations (quality), abilities to prevent the loss of the object properties in operation time (reliability and maintainability), the effects of undesirable events and protection against them (safety and security) and the ability to restore performance (resilience). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]