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Abstract High frequencies of stem-like memory T cells in infusion products correlate with superior patient outcomes across multiple T cell therapy trials. Herein, we analyzed a published CRISPR activation screening to identify transcriptional regulators that could be harnessed to augment stem-like behavior in CD8+ T cells. Using IFN-γ production as a proxy for CD8+ T cell terminal differentiation, LMO4 emerged among the top hits inhibiting the development of effectors cells. Consistently, we found that Lmo4 was downregulated upon CD8+ T cell activation but maintained under culture conditions facilitating the formation of stem-like T cells. By employing a synthetic biology approach to ectopically express LMO4 in antitumor CD8+ T cells, we enabled selective expansion and enhanced persistence of transduced cells, while limiting their terminal differentiation and senescence. LMO4 overexpression promoted transcriptional programs regulating stemness, increasing the numbers of stem-like CD8+ memory T cells and enhancing their polyfunctionality and recall capacity. When tested in syngeneic and xenograft tumor models, LMO4 overexpression boosted CD8+ T cell antitumor immunity, resulting in enhanced tumor regression. Rather than directly modulating gene transcription, LMO4 bound to JAK1 and potentiated STAT3 signaling in response to IL-21, inducing the expression of target genes (Tcf7, Socs3, Junb, and Zfp36) crucial for memory responses. CRISPR/Cas9-deletion of Stat3 nullified the enhanced memory signature conferred by LMO4, thereby abrogating the therapeutic benefit of LMO4 overexpression. These results establish LMO4 overexpression as an effective strategy to boost CD8+ T cell stemness, providing a new synthetic biology tool to bolster the efficacy of T cell-based immunotherapies.

Abstract Objective We attempted to conduct a randomized controlled trial of three different informed consent training formats to evaluate their effectiveness. We recruited 503 clinical research professionals, who received $50 for participation. Incidental findings showed unexpectedly low rates of compliance with completing the study training protocols, resulting in insufficient statistical power to test our original hypotheses. In this report, we conducted a secondary analysis of the data in which we characterize and evaluate the observed low compliance. This involved using literature on average reading times, speed-reading times, and video play speeds to calculate the timeframes required to complete the three training formats. Results Only 13% of participants completed the training in a reasonable timeframe. Furthermore, only 46% of participants completed the training in the minimum possible timeframe. These findings lead us to ask whether online research training is effective, since no training can be effective if participants do not actually complete the training. Given extensive requirements for educational training among clinical research professionals, we feel the burden of proof is on training programs to demonstrate that they have positive effects.

Immunologic self-tolerance involves signals from co-inhibitory receptors. Several T cell co-inhibitors, including PD-1, are expressed upon activation, whereas CD5 and BTLA are expressed constitutively. The relationship between constitutively expressed co-inhibitors and when they are needed is unknown. Deletion of Btla demonstrated BTLA regulates CD5 expression. Loss of BTLA signals, but not signalling by its ligand, HVEM, leads to increased CD5 expression. Higher CD5 expression set during thymic selection is associated with increased self-recognition, suggesting that BTLA might be needed early to establish self-tolerance. We found that BTLA and PD-1 were needed post-thymic selection in recent thymic emigrants (RTE). RTE lacking BTLA caused a CD4 T cell and MHC class II dependent multi-organ autoimmune disease. Together, our findings identify a negative regulatory pathway between two constitutively expressed co-inhibitors, calibrating their expression. Expression of constitutive and induced co-inhibitory receptors is needed early to establish tolerance in the periphery for RTE.

Abstract Premise Embryo excision is an effective, under‐described means of promoting germination in the sunflower family and may help to ensure the survival of endangered taxa or lineages with limited seed availability. Methods and Results We describe and illustrate a detailed method of embryo excision used successfully to stimulate germination in a diversity of composites and that requires minimal materials and expense, using Layia platyglossa as an example. We show how this procedure greatly increases germination compared to control treatments in Madia elegans, a close relative of Hawaiian silverswords that exhibits physiological dormancy. Conclusions This technique can be learned quickly and is highly effective. Embryo excision can aid conservation efforts dependent on minimal seed resources by enhancing germination and allowing evaluation of seed quality before or after storage, as well as synchronizing seedling development, thereby allowing for refinement of ex situ seed bank conditions and efficient use of horticultural resources.

Nucleotide base composition plays an influential role in the molecular mechanisms involved in gene function, phenotype, and amino acid composition. GC content (proportion of guanine and cytosine in DNA sequences) shows a high level of variation within and among species. Many studies measure GC content in a small number of genes, which may not be representative of genome-wide GC variation. One challenge when assembling extensive genomic data sets for these studies is the significant amount of resources (monetary and computational) associated with data processing, and many bioinformatic tools have not been optimized for resource efficiency. Using a high-performance computing (HPC) cluster, we manipulated resources provided to the targeted gene assembly program, automated target restricted assembly method (aTRAM), to determine an optimum way to run the program to maximize resource use. Using our optimum assembly approach, we assembled and measured GC content of all of the protein-coding genes of a diverse group of parasitic feather lice. Of the 499 426 genes assembled across 57 species, feather lice were GC-poor (mean GC = 42.96%) with a significant amount of variation within and between species (GC range = 19.57%-73.33%). We found a significant correlation between GC content and standard deviation per taxon for overall GC and GC 3 , which could indicate selection for G and C nucleotides in some species. Phylogenetic signal of GC content was detected in both GC and GC 3 . This research provides a large-scale investigation of GC content in parasitic lice laying the foundation for understanding the basis of variation in base composition across species.

Abstract Remote sensing of vegetation by spectroscopy is increasingly used to characterize trait distributions in plant communities. How leaves interact with electromagnetic radiation is determined by their structure and contents of pigments, water, and abundant dry matter constituents like lignins, phenolics, and proteins. High-resolution (“hyperspectral”) spectroscopy can characterize trait variation at finer scales, and may help to reveal underlying genetic variation—information important for assessing the potential of populations to adapt to global change. Here, we use a set of 360 inbred genotypes of the wild coyote tobacco Nicotiana attenuata: wild accessions, recombinant inbred lines (RILs), and transgenic lines (TLs) with targeted changes to gene expression, to dissect genetic versus non-genetic influences on variation in leaf spectra across three experiments. We calculated leaf reflectance from hand-held field spectroradiometer measurements covering visible to short-wave infrared wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation (400–2500 nm) using a standard radiation source and backgrounds, resulting in a small and quantifiable measurement uncertainty. Plants were grown in more controlled (glasshouse) or more natural (field) environments, and leaves were measured both on- and off-plant with the measurement set-up thus also in more to less controlled environmental conditions. Entire spectra varied across genotypes and environments. We found that the greatest variance in leaf reflectance was explained by between-experiment and non-genetic between-sample differences, with subtler and more specific variation distinguishing groups of genotypes. The visible spectral region was most variable, distinguishing experimental settings as well as groups of genotypes within experiments, whereas parts of the short-wave infrared may vary more specifically with genotype. Overall, more genetically variable plant populations also showed more varied leaf spectra. We highlight key considerations for the application of field spectroscopy to assess genetic variation in plant populations.

The relationship between power dynamics and decision making in natural resource management is central to explaining governance outcomes. Contemporary catchment governance is increasingly characterized by the interaction of multiple stakeholder groups, which has shifted processes like collaboration and social learning into the focus of water governance research and related fields. Because collaboration and social learning are effective tools for resilience building through, for example, strengthening social capital and network relationships, there is need to better understand how power dynamics influence processes of collaboration and learning and consequential decision making. A three-dimensional power theory was applied to elucidate how instrumental, structural, and discursive power dynamics shape collaboration and social learning in catchment governance, and their effects on governance outcomes. The development process of the Lockyer Valley Catchment Action Plan (Australia) in 2015–2016 was used as a case study. Twenty-five interviews with three diverse stakeholders were conducted and thematically analyzed to extract power evidence from this example of a real-world multi-stakeholder governance process. We identified three main hubs of power, namely: (1) power of facilitation; (2) power of trust; and (3) power of politics. These hubs were characterized by a multitude of strongly interlinked instrumental, structural, and discursive power dynamics. Understanding these hubs of power allow the identification of intervention points to strengthen water governance effectiveness in times of water crisis.

A traditional phase 3 clinical efficacy study for a Zika vaccine may be unfeasible because of the current low transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV). An alternative clinical development approach to evaluate Zika vaccine efficacy (VE) is therefore required, delineated in the US FDA’s Accelerated Approval Program for licensure, which utilizes an anti-Zika neutralizing antibody (Zika NAb) titer correlated with non-human primate (NHP) protection as a surrogate endpoint. In this accelerated approval approach, the estimation of VE would be inferred from the percentage of phase 3 trial participants achieving the established surrogate endpoint. We provide a statistical framework to predict the probability of protection for human participants vaccinated with a purified inactivated ZIKV vaccine (TAK-426), in the absence of VE measurements, using NHP data under a single-correlate model. Based on a logistic regression (LR) with bias-reduction model, a probability of 90% protection in humans is expected with a ZIKV NAb geometric mean titer (GMT) ≥ 3.38 log10 half-maximal effective concentration (EC50). The predicted probability of protection of TAK-426 against ZIKV infection was determined using the two-parameter LR model that fit the calculated VE in rhesus macaques and the flavivirus-naïve phase 1 trial participants’ ZIKV NAb GMTs log10 EC50, measured by a ZIKV reporter virus particle assay, at 1 month post dose 2. The TAK-426 10 µg dose predicted a probability of protection from infection of 98% among flavivirus-naïve phase 1 trial participants.

Summary: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common lethal primary brain cancer in adults. Despite treatment regimens including surgical resection, radiotherapy, and temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy, growth of residual tumor leads to therapy resistance and death. At recurrence, a quarter to a third of all gliomas have hypermutated genomes, with mutational burdens orders of magnitude greater than in normal tissue. Here, we quantified the mutational landscape progression in a patient’s primary and recurrent GBM, and we uncovered Cas9-targetable repeat elements. We show that CRISPR-mediated targeting of highly repetitive loci enables rapid elimination of GBM cells, an approach we term “genome shredding.” Importantly, in the patient’s recurrent GBM, we identified unique repeat sequences with TMZ mutational signature and demonstrated that their CRISPR targeting enables cancer-specific cell ablation. “Cancer shredding” leverages the non-coding genome and therapy-induced mutational signatures for targeted GBM cell depletion and provides an innovative paradigm to develop treatments for hypermutated glioma.

Summary: Membraneless organelles, or biomolecular condensates, enable cells to compartmentalize material and processes into unique biochemical environments. While specific, attractive molecular interactions are known to stabilize biomolecular condensates, repulsive interactions, and the balance between these opposing forces, are largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that repulsive and attractive electrostatic interactions regulate condensate stability, internal mobility, interfaces, and selective partitioning of molecules both in vitro and in cells. We find that signaling ions, such as calcium, alter repulsions between model Ddx3 and Ddx4 condensate proteins by directly binding to negatively charged amino acid sidechains and effectively inverting their charge, in a manner fundamentally dissimilar to electrostatic screening. Using a polymerization model combined with generalized stickers and spacers, we accurately quantify and predict condensate stability over a wide range of pH, salt concentrations, and amino acid sequences. Our model provides a general quantitative treatment for understanding how charge and ions reversibly control condensate stability.

Correlation functions play an important role in the theoretical underpinnings of many disparate areas of the physical sciences: in particular, scattering theory. More recently, they have become useful in the classification of objects in areas such as computer vision and our area of cryoEM. Our primary classification scheme in the cryoEM image processing system, EMAN2, is now based on third order invariants formulated in Fourier space. This allows a factor of 8 speed up in the two classification procedures inherent in our software pipeline, because it allows for classification without the need for computationally costly alignment procedures.In this work, we address several formal and practical aspects of such multispectral invariants. We show that we can formulate such invariants in the representation in which the original signal is most compact. We explicitly construct transformations between invariants in different orientations for arbitrary order of correlation functions and dimension. We demonstrate that third order invariants distinguish 2D mirrored patterns (unlike the radial power spectrum), which is a fundamental aspects of its classification efficacy. We show the limitations of 3rd order invariants also, by giving an example of a wide family of patterns with identical (vanishing) set of 3rd order invariants. For sufficiently rich patterns, the third order invariants should distinguish typical images, textures and patterns.

Power dynamics are widely recognized as key contributors to poor outcomes of environmental governance broadly and specifically for adaptive water governance. Water governance processes are shifting, with increased emphasis on collaboration and learning. Understanding how power dynamics impact these processes in adaptive governance is hence critical to improve governance outcomes. Power dynamics in the context of adaptive water governance are complex and highly variable and so are power theories that offer potential explanations for poor governance outcomes. This study aimed to build an understanding of the use of power theory in water and environmental governance and establish a foundation for future research by identifying power foci and variables that are used by researchers in this regard. We conducted a systematic literature review using the Web of Science Core Collection and the ProQuest Political Science databases to understand how power is studied (foci, variables of interest, and methods) and which theories are being applied in the water governance field and in the environmental governance field more broadly. The resulting review can serve as a practical reference for (adaptive) water governance inquiries that seek to study power in depth or intend to integrate power considerations into their research. The identified power variables add to a much needed groundwork for research that investigates the role of power dynamics in collaboration and learning processes. Furthermore, they offer a substantive base for empirical research on power dynamics in adaptive water governance.

The sunray venus (sunray) clam, Macrocallista nimbosa, is an alternative clam species reared in hard clam hatcheries in Florida. Current feeding practices follow those used for hard clam culture. This study aimed to identify whether a hard clam bi-algal Tisochrysis lutea and Chaetoceros neogracile diet was an optimal diet for post-set sunray clams or whether other microalgal dietary combinations could improve production. Six dietary bi-, tri-, or tetra-algal combinations consisting of four microalgae species (Tisochrysis lutea, Diacronema lutheri, Chaetoceros neogracile, and Thalassiosira weissflogii) were fed for 6 weeks; the growth, survival, and fatty acid profiles of post-set clams were evaluated. Clams fed equal proportions of T. lutea, D. lutheri, C. neogracile, and T. weissflogii had higher growth, while those fed equal proportions of T. lutea and C. neogracile had higher survival. The poorest-performing diet consisted solely of diatoms. A contrasting polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) profile was found in post-set clams fed flagellate- or diatom-only diets. Clams fed the bi-algal flagellate diet had a higher percentage of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) but a lower percentage of (n-6) PUFA, whereas those fed the bi-algal diatom diet had a higher percentage of arachidonic acid (ARA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) but a lower percentage of DHA. The percentages were similar and neither very high nor very low in clams fed the remaining dietary treatments. The results of this study show that sunray venus post-set clams can be successfully produced when fed a typical hard clam bi-algal flagellate and diatom diet, but they indicate that growth may be accelerated by the addition of other microalgae species.

Pest managers must know the proper amount of pesticide product to apply. This poster acquaints new pest control technicians with the basic process of following label instructions to properly dilute pesticides, and it walks technicians through two types of basic equipment calibration. The poster has quick response (QR) codes that link smartphones to online videos illustrating each step in applying the correct amount of pesticides. Designed by R.W. Baldwin, S.K. Hill, Philip Koehler, W. Walker, and J.C. Medley, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, August 2012. ENY-919/IN959: Pesticide Safety Miniposter: Apply the Correct Amount (ufl.edu)

Pest managers must know the proper amount of pesticide product to apply. This poster acquaints new pest control technicians with the basic process of following label instructions to properly dilute pesticides, and it walks technicians through two types of basic equipment calibration. The poster has quick response (QR) codes that link smartphones to online videos illustrating each step in applying the correct amount of pesticides. Designed by R.W. Baldwin, S.K. Hill, Philip Koehler, W. Walker, and J.C. Medley, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, August 2012. ENY-919/IN959: Pesticide Safety Miniposter: Apply the Correct Amount (ufl.edu)

Pest managers must know the proper amount of pesticide product to apply. This poster acquaints new pest control technicians with the basic process of following label instructions to properly dilute pesticides, and it walks technicians through two types of basic equipment calibration. The poster has quick response (QR) codes that link smartphones to online videos illustrating each step in applying the correct amount of pesticides. Designed by R.W. Baldwin, S.K. Hill, Philip Koehler, W. Walker, and J.C. Medley, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, August 2012. ENY-919/IN959: Pesticide Safety Miniposter: Apply the Correct Amount (ufl.edu)

Symbiotic interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plants are widespread among land plants and can be beneficial for both partners. The plant is provided with mineral nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous, whereas it provides carbon resources for the fungus in return. Due to the large economic and environmental impact, efficient characterization methods are required to monitor and quantify plant-AMF colonization. Existing methods, based on destructive sampling and elaborate root tissue analysis, are of limited value for high-throughput (HTP) screening. Here we describe a detailed protocol for the HTP quantification of blumenol derivatives in leaves by a simple extraction procedure and sensitive liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis as accurate proxies of root AMF-associations in both model plants and economically relevant crops.

Wave data collected near the Caribbean coast of Mexico were used to study the frequency and directional structure of the wave field that was generated during the passing of 3 hurricanes. The data were recorded with 2 different acoustic wave gauges, which were installed at a depth of about 20 m. These records provided 183 directional wave spectra corresponding to the occurrence of hurricanes Wilma (October 2005), Dean (August 2007) and Rina (October 2011). The simultaneity of wind waves and swell was detected from different directions, due to the presence of bimodal spectra. For the 3 events, the relation between the translational speed of hurricanes and wave group celerity can explain the presence or absence of spectral bimodality, in either frequency or direction.

The shrub Chimonanthus praecox L. (wintersweet) which is native to Chinese montane forests produces its flowers in the midst of winter. This indicates that the floral organs of this species are adapted to growth and development under freezing temperatures. Here, we report the isolation and preliminary characterisation of a 33 kDa apoplastic antifreeze chitinase (CpCHT1) from the petals and its corresponding cDNA. The chitinase activity of CpCHT1 was confirmed by activity staining. Antifreeze activity was validated in terms of the formation of bipyramidal ice crystals and high thermal-hysteresis values. CpCHT1 was also found to affect the germination of fungal spores of four major plant pathogens. In addition, the gene and protein are expressed constitutively not only in flowers, but also in leaves, bark and root tissues. From these data we hypothesize that this protein is multifunctional and may protect wintersweet from freezing injury and provide nonspecific disease resistance.

As of 2012, tawny crazy ants have invaded 24 counties in Florida, parts of southeast Texas, and other areas of the southeastern U.S. The tawny crazy ant is considered a series pest. This species infests buildings and greenhouses, attacks crops, domestic animals, honeybee hives, displaces native ant species, and disrupts electrical equipment. This 3-page fact sheet covers the tawny crazy ant’s distribution, description, colonies, feeding habits, and pest status and control. Written by S. K. Hill, R. W. Baldwin, R. M. Pereira, and P. G. Koehler, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, October 2013. SP486D/IN1076: Tawny Crazy Ant (ufl.edu)

As of 2012, tawny crazy ants have invaded 24 counties in Florida, parts of southeast Texas, and other areas of the southeastern U.S. The tawny crazy ant is considered a series pest. This species infests buildings and greenhouses, attacks crops, domestic animals, honeybee hives, displaces native ant species, and disrupts electrical equipment. This 3-page fact sheet covers the tawny crazy ant’s distribution, description, colonies, feeding habits, and pest status and control. Written by S. K. Hill, R. W. Baldwin, R. M. Pereira, and P. G. Koehler, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, October 2013. SP486D/IN1076: Tawny Crazy Ant (ufl.edu)

As of 2012, tawny crazy ants have invaded 24 counties in Florida, parts of southeast Texas, and other areas of the southeastern U.S. The tawny crazy ant is considered a series pest. This species infests buildings and greenhouses, attacks crops, domestic animals, honeybee hives, displaces native ant species, and disrupts electrical equipment. This 3-page fact sheet covers the tawny crazy ant’s distribution, description, colonies, feeding habits, and pest status and control. Written by S. K. Hill, R. W. Baldwin, R. M. Pereira, and P. G. Koehler, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, October 2013. SP486D/IN1076: Tawny Crazy Ant (ufl.edu)

Cytokinins are a group of phytohormones discovered about half a decade ago by Miller et al. (1955) and Skoog et al. (1965). Since then they were found to participate in many plant physiological processes, including the regulation of the source/sink transitions, plant growth and organ development, responses to environmental conditions such as light, nutrient and water availability and biotic interactions with mutualists, pathogens and herbivores (Werner and Schmülling, 2009; Giron et al., 2013). To aid the quantification of cytokinins for analyzing their changes after environmental stress conditions, we developed this cytokinin extraction and analysis method. This protocol is based on the cytokinin extraction with an acidic methanol-water solution and purification with a mixed-mode solid phase extraction procedure described by Dobrev and Kamı́nek (2002) and the modifications of Kojima et al. (2009). The protocol was successfully used to verify cytokinin overproduction in transgenic Nicotiana attenuata plants expressing the cytokinin biosynthesis gene Tumor morphology root (Tmr) from Agrobacterium tumefaciens under the control of the chemical inducible expression system pOp6/LhGR in the glasshouse and under field conditions (Schäfer et al., 2013) to study the role of cytokinins in plant-herbivore interactions.

Las chinches de cama se han convertido en un problema de plagas cada vez más común en los Estados Unidos. Se han encontrado en muchos lugares diferentes en donde vive la gente, desde escuelas y restaurantes a consultorios médicos y salas de cine, pero las peores infestaciones son por lo general en lugares donde vive la gente, descansan y duermen como en casas, pisos, apartamentos, hoteles y refugios para desamparados. Las chinches de cama son más comunes en lugares como alrededor de piezas de mobiliario en donde la gente se sienta o acuesta- camas, sillas y sofás. Para descubrir si las chiches están presentes en una habitación o un mueble, el dispositivo llamado trampa interceptora de chinches puede ser útil. Las trampas interceptoras atrapan y recogen las chinches de cama cuando tratan de viajar entre sus huéspedes humanos y sus escondites. Las trampas interceptoras de chinches de cama son fácilmente hechas de artículos del hogar y recipientes de plástico desechables. This 4-page fact sheet was written by Benjamin A. Hottel, Rebecca W. Baldwin, Roberto M. Pereira, and Philip G. Koehler, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, February 2014. ENY-2029-S/IN1026: Cómo hacer una trampa interceptora de chinches de cama de artículos comunes del hogar (ufl.edu)

Las chinches de cama se han convertido en un problema de plagas cada vez más común en los Estados Unidos. Se han encontrado en muchos lugares diferentes en donde vive la gente, desde escuelas y restaurantes a consultorios médicos y salas de cine, pero las peores infestaciones son por lo general en lugares donde vive la gente, descansan y duermen como en casas, pisos, apartamentos, hoteles y refugios para desamparados. Las chinches de cama son más comunes en lugares como alrededor de piezas de mobiliario en donde la gente se sienta o acuesta- camas, sillas y sofás. Para descubrir si las chiches están presentes en una habitación o un mueble, el dispositivo llamado trampa interceptora de chinches puede ser útil. Las trampas interceptoras atrapan y recogen las chinches de cama cuando tratan de viajar entre sus huéspedes humanos y sus escondites. Las trampas interceptoras de chinches de cama son fácilmente hechas de artículos del hogar y recipientes de plástico desechables. This 4-page fact sheet was written by Benjamin A. Hottel, Rebecca W. Baldwin, Roberto M. Pereira, and Philip G. Koehler, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, February 2014. ENY-2029-S/IN1026: Cómo hacer una trampa interceptora de chinches de cama de artículos comunes del hogar (ufl.edu)

Las chinches de cama se han convertido en un problema de plagas cada vez más común en los Estados Unidos. Se han encontrado en muchos lugares diferentes en donde vive la gente, desde escuelas y restaurantes a consultorios médicos y salas de cine, pero las peores infestaciones son por lo general en lugares donde vive la gente, descansan y duermen como en casas, pisos, apartamentos, hoteles y refugios para desamparados. Las chinches de cama son más comunes en lugares como alrededor de piezas de mobiliario en donde la gente se sienta o acuesta- camas, sillas y sofás. Para descubrir si las chiches están presentes en una habitación o un mueble, el dispositivo llamado trampa interceptora de chinches puede ser útil. Las trampas interceptoras atrapan y recogen las chinches de cama cuando tratan de viajar entre sus huéspedes humanos y sus escondites. Las trampas interceptoras de chinches de cama son fácilmente hechas de artículos del hogar y recipientes de plástico desechables. This 4-page fact sheet was written by Benjamin A. Hottel, Rebecca W. Baldwin, Roberto M. Pereira, and Philip G. Koehler, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, February 2014. ENY-2029-S/IN1026: Cómo hacer una trampa interceptora de chinches de cama de artículos comunes del hogar (ufl.edu)

Bed bugs have become an increasingly common pest problem throughout the United States. To discover whether bed bugs are present in a room or a piece of furniture, you can make interceptor traps out of commonly found household items and disposable plastic containers. This 4-page fact sheet was written by Benjamin A. Hottel, Rebecca W. Baldwin, Roberto M. Pereira, and Philip G. Koehler, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, January 2014. ENY-2029/IN1022: How to Make a Bed Bug Interceptor Trap out of Common Household Items (ufl.edu)

This 4-page fact sheet examines the impact of the presence of citrus greening on new tree plantings in the Florida citrus industry. Sweet oranges are by far the most important citrus variety grown in Florida, so the analysis is limited to sweet orange plantings. Because citrus greening impacts citrus producers through reduced yield, increased mortality, and increased cost of production, it is expected that the presence of citrus greening has had an adverse impact on the willingness of growers to invest in new trees. Written by Thomas H. Spreen and Jean-Paul Baldwin, and published by the UF Department of Food and Resource Economics, January 2014.

Bed bugs have become an increasingly common pest problem throughout the United States. To discover whether bed bugs are present in a room or a piece of furniture, you can make interceptor traps out of commonly found household items and disposable plastic containers. This 4-page fact sheet was written by Benjamin A. Hottel, Rebecca W. Baldwin, Roberto M. Pereira, and Philip G. Koehler, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, January 2014. ENY-2029/IN1022: How to Make a Bed Bug Interceptor Trap out of Common Household Items (ufl.edu)

This 4-page fact sheet examines the impact of the presence of citrus greening on new tree plantings in the Florida citrus industry. Sweet oranges are by far the most important citrus variety grown in Florida, so the analysis is limited to sweet orange plantings. Because citrus greening impacts citrus producers through reduced yield, increased mortality, and increased cost of production, it is expected that the presence of citrus greening has had an adverse impact on the willingness of growers to invest in new trees. Written by Thomas H. Spreen and Jean-Paul Baldwin, and published by the UF Department of Food and Resource Economics, January 2014.

Bed bugs have become an increasingly common pest problem throughout the United States. To discover whether bed bugs are present in a room or a piece of furniture, you can make interceptor traps out of commonly found household items and disposable plastic containers. This 4-page fact sheet was written by Benjamin A. Hottel, Rebecca W. Baldwin, Roberto M. Pereira, and Philip G. Koehler, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, January 2014. ENY-2029/IN1022: How to Make a Bed Bug Interceptor Trap out of Common Household Items (ufl.edu)

This 4-page fact sheet examines the impact of the presence of citrus greening on new tree plantings in the Florida citrus industry. Sweet oranges are by far the most important citrus variety grown in Florida, so the analysis is limited to sweet orange plantings. Because citrus greening impacts citrus producers through reduced yield, increased mortality, and increased cost of production, it is expected that the presence of citrus greening has had an adverse impact on the willingness of growers to invest in new trees. Written by Thomas H. Spreen and Jean-Paul Baldwin, and published by the UF Department of Food and Resource Economics, January 2014.

In this protocol, determination of seed paternity by microsatellite markers in Nicotiana attenuata is described. However, this does not include a protocol for the novel marker selection/identification, but rather exploits the markers generated for a closely related species N. tabacum (Bindler et al., 2007). This is a high-throughput protocol optimized and streamlined for one skilled person to process 384 (96 x 4) seeds in 5 days, from DNA isolation (from seedlings) to paternity assessment by microsatellite genotype data.

In this protocol, the determination of the nicotine concentration in nectar of Nicotiana attenuata is described. This method is applicable for the investigation of small amounts of nectar (above 1 μl). It is a high-throughput protocol optimized and streamlined for one skilled person to process approximately 100 nectar samples per day.

To properly apply pesticides, a technician must be aware of the personal protective equipment, or PPE, required for the application. This poster introduces new pest control technicians to different types of PPE they may be required to wear during a pesticide application or pest management inspection. There is a wide array of examples of PPE on the poster, with quick response (QR) codes that direct smartphones to short, online videos explaining PPE for each area of the body (head, eyes, face, mouth, hands and arms, torso, and feet). This poster will serve as a valuable training tool for new technicians and a refresher tool for pest managers. Designed by R.W. Baldwin, S.K. Hill, Philip Koehler, W. Walker, and J.C. Medley, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, August 2012. ENY-2010/IN960: Pesticide Safety Miniposter: Protecting Yourself (ufl.edu)

The Triple Rinse poster acquaints new pest management technicians to proper techniques to clean and dispose of empty pesticide containers. The poster uses quick response (QR) codes that direct smartphones to online videos that demonstrate the triple rinse process and container disposal. This poster will serve as a valuable training tool for new technicians and a refresher tool for pesticide applicators. Designed by R.W. Baldwin, S.K. Hill, Philip Koehler, W. Walker, and J.C. Medley, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, August 2012. ENY-2012/IN962: Pesticide Safety Miniposter: Triple Rinse Steps (ufl.edu)

Do you need to train your employees about vehicle safety while transporting pesticides? This poster introduces safety concepts when transporting pesticides on a vehicle and alerts new pest control technicians to the pest control vehicle regulations of the Florida Department of Agriculture. The poster has quick response (QR) codes linked to short, online videos that take the technicians though six steps of maintaining a safe and legal service vehicle. This poster will serve as a valuable training and refresher tool. Designed by R.W. Baldwin, S.K. Hill, Philip Koehler, P.A. Mitola, and J.C. Medley, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, August 2012. ENY-2013/IN963: Pesticide Safety Miniposter: Pest Control Vehicle Safety (ufl.edu)

This poster acquaints new pest control technicians with proper procedures to manage an unscheduled pesticide release. The poster has quick response (QR) codes that direct a smartphone to online videos highlighting the steps of cleaning up a pesticide spill site, beginning with controlling the spill and ending with decontamination of the site. This poster will serve as a valuable training tool for new technicians and a refresher tool for pesticide applicators. Designed by R.W. Baldwin, S.K. Hill, Philip Koehler, P.A. Mitola, and J.C. Medley, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, August 2012. ENY-2011/IN961: Pesticide Safety Miniposter: Pesticide Spill Control (ufl.edu)

Anyone applying pesticides should be aware of the importance of preventing pesticide exposure to themselves, their families, and their pets by following a few personal care procedures each day. The information and video links (QR codes) on the Daily Personal Care poster provide technicians with examples of areas that are commonly contaminated by pesticides. The poster explains methods for the decontamination of vehicles, application equipment, personal items like cell phones, and clothing. Designed by R.W. Baldwin, S.K. Hill, Philip Koehler, W. Walker, and J.C. Medley, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, August 2012. ENY-917/IN956: Pesticide Safety Miniposter: Daily Personal Care (ufl.edu)

You have heard the phrase, “the label is the law.” Pest control technicians need to learn the components of a pesticide label and the information they can find on the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). This poster acquaints new pest control technicians with the information they will find on pesticide labels and on MSDSs. The poster has quick response (QR) codes that direct smartphones to short, online videos explaining how to read pesticide labels and MSDSs. Designed by R.W. Baldwin, S.K. Hill, Philip Koehler, P.A. Mitola, and J.C. Medley, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, August 2012. ENY-918/IN958: Pesticide Safety Miniposter: Labels and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) (ufl.edu)

This poster introduces new pest control technicians to the general actions to be taken in the event of pesticide exposure. Technicians learn to recognize symptoms of exposure as they watch videos linked to the quick response (QR) codes on the poster. The videos detail general first aid steps to undertake until medical help arrives after a pesticide exposure. Designed by R.W. Baldwin, S.K. Hill, Philip Koehler, W. Walker, and J.C. Medley, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, August 2012. ENY-916/IN954: Pesticide Safety Miniposter: Pesticide Emergencies (ufl.edu)

Do you need a quick training reference to common pesticide formulations? This poster introduces new pest control technicians to pesticide product formulations. The poster has quick response (QR) codes that link to videos showing example formulations of liquid pesticides, baits, pressurized aerosols, and a variety of dry product pesticides. Technicians need to be familiar with the products and formulations they are using, so this poster and its videos will be a useful training tool for pest management companies. Designed by R.W. Baldwin, S.K. Hill, Philip Koehler, P.A. Mitola, and J.C. Medley, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, August 2012. ENY-915/IN955: Pesticide Safety Miniposter: Pesticide Formulations (ufl.edu)

This poster acquaints new pest control technicians with proper procedures to manage an unscheduled pesticide release. The poster has quick response (QR) codes that direct a smartphone to online videos highlighting the steps of cleaning up a pesticide spill site, beginning with controlling the spill and ending with decontamination of the site. This poster will serve as a valuable training tool for new technicians and a refresher tool for pesticide applicators. Designed by R.W. Baldwin, S.K. Hill, Philip Koehler, P.A. Mitola, and J.C. Medley, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, August 2012. ENY-2011/IN961: Pesticide Safety Miniposter: Pesticide Spill Control (ufl.edu)

The Triple Rinse poster acquaints new pest management technicians to proper techniques to clean and dispose of empty pesticide containers. The poster uses quick response (QR) codes that direct smartphones to online videos that demonstrate the triple rinse process and container disposal. This poster will serve as a valuable training tool for new technicians and a refresher tool for pesticide applicators. Designed by R.W. Baldwin, S.K. Hill, Philip Koehler, W. Walker, and J.C. Medley, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, August 2012. ENY-2012/IN962: Pesticide Safety Miniposter: Triple Rinse Steps (ufl.edu)

Do you need to train your employees about vehicle safety while transporting pesticides? This poster introduces safety concepts when transporting pesticides on a vehicle and alerts new pest control technicians to the pest control vehicle regulations of the Florida Department of Agriculture. The poster has quick response (QR) codes linked to short, online videos that take the technicians though six steps of maintaining a safe and legal service vehicle. This poster will serve as a valuable training and refresher tool. Designed by R.W. Baldwin, S.K. Hill, Philip Koehler, P.A. Mitola, and J.C. Medley, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, August 2012. ENY-2013/IN963: Pesticide Safety Miniposter: Pest Control Vehicle Safety (ufl.edu)

To properly apply pesticides, a technician must be aware of the personal protective equipment, or PPE, required for the application. This poster introduces new pest control technicians to different types of PPE they may be required to wear during a pesticide application or pest management inspection. There is a wide array of examples of PPE on the poster, with quick response (QR) codes that direct smartphones to short, online videos explaining PPE for each area of the body (head, eyes, face, mouth, hands and arms, torso, and feet). This poster will serve as a valuable training tool for new technicians and a refresher tool for pest managers. Designed by R.W. Baldwin, S.K. Hill, Philip Koehler, W. Walker, and J.C. Medley, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, August 2012. ENY-2010/IN960: Pesticide Safety Miniposter: Protecting Yourself (ufl.edu)

You have heard the phrase, “the label is the law.” Pest control technicians need to learn the components of a pesticide label and the information they can find on the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). This poster acquaints new pest control technicians with the information they will find on pesticide labels and on MSDSs. The poster has quick response (QR) codes that direct smartphones to short, online videos explaining how to read pesticide labels and MSDSs. Designed by R.W. Baldwin, S.K. Hill, Philip Koehler, P.A. Mitola, and J.C. Medley, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, August 2012. ENY-918/IN958: Pesticide Safety Miniposter: Labels and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) (ufl.edu)

Anyone applying pesticides should be aware of the importance of preventing pesticide exposure to themselves, their families, and their pets by following a few personal care procedures each day. The information and video links (QR codes) on the Daily Personal Care poster provide technicians with examples of areas that are commonly contaminated by pesticides. The poster explains methods for the decontamination of vehicles, application equipment, personal items like cell phones, and clothing. Designed by R.W. Baldwin, S.K. Hill, Philip Koehler, W. Walker, and J.C. Medley, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, August 2012. ENY-917/IN956: Pesticide Safety Miniposter: Daily Personal Care (ufl.edu)

Do you need a quick training reference to common pesticide formulations? This poster introduces new pest control technicians to pesticide product formulations. The poster has quick response (QR) codes that link to videos showing example formulations of liquid pesticides, baits, pressurized aerosols, and a variety of dry product pesticides. Technicians need to be familiar with the products and formulations they are using, so this poster and its videos will be a useful training tool for pest management companies. Designed by R.W. Baldwin, S.K. Hill, Philip Koehler, P.A. Mitola, and J.C. Medley, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, August 2012. ENY-915/IN955: Pesticide Safety Miniposter: Pesticide Formulations (ufl.edu)