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A series of novel pyrimidine-based derivative compounds were synthesized and evaluated for antiviral activity against Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). All chemical structures of the prepared compounds were identified and characterized by IR, NMR, and elemental analysis. Under greenhouse conditions, the preliminary bioassays revealed that all compounds exhibited anti-TMV activity ranging from 23.5 % to 90.1% at 50 µg/mL concentration, indicating potential antiviral efficacy. Among the new compounds, the benzylidene derivative 3a was the most potent and demonstrated the highest inhibition effect of 90%, with a significant reduction in the TMV accumulation level of 91.4%. Furthermore, the curative activity of 3a was associated with a considerable decrease in H2O2 and MDA (nonenzymatic oxidative stress markers) compared to the TMV treatment. In addition, significant increases in the transcriptional levels of pathogenesis-related proteins (PR-1, PR-3, PR-4, and PR-5) at 4 and 6 dpi were shown to induce systemic resistance against TMV. Furthermore, molecular docking investigation demonstrated that the benzylidene derivative 3a was strongly lodged in the binding sites of TMV-coat protein at position 2. Consequently, the obtained results suggest that the new 3a compound could be applied as a safe control agent against plant viral infection.

Diolefinic antibacterial laser dye namely 1,4-Bis[2-(4-Pyridyl) Vinyl] Benzene (4PVB)have been investigated electrochemically using cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, convolution and deconvolution voltammetry combined with digital simulation techniques at a platinum electrode in 0.1 mol / L Tetra Butyl Ammonium Perchlorate (TBAP) in solvent 1,2-dichloroethane. The diolefinic species were reduced by consuming two sequential electrons to form radical anion and dianion. The second electron transfer was followed by chemical step i.e the electrode reaction proceed as EEC scheme. In scanning the potential to positive direction, the diolefinic laser dye compound was oxidized by loss of one electron, which was followed by a fast chemical process ( isomerization or association). The pathway of electrode reaction and the electrochemical parameters of the investigated compound were discussed & determined using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques. The extracted electrochemical parameters were verified and confirmed via digital simulation and convolutive voltammetry methods.