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Fullerenes have received attentions due to their versatile properties. Molecular structures and electronic properties namely binding energy, band gap, electrophilicity index and molecular topological analysis were studied for undoped and silicon doped C20 fullerenes and favipiravir in order to search for possible application of the systems as drug delivery vehicles. Density functional theory (DFT) and quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) were used for the research. Molecular structures having the interaction edges of SiC19… OH in water and SiC19…C=O in gas phase were found as those most stable with binding energies of -57.28 kcal/mol and -43.46 kcal/mol correspondingly. The results and parameters found in this research may provide additional insights into drug delivery systems.

Fullerenes, with their extensive application potentials, have been receiving attention for their possible usage as drug delivery vehicles and devices for sensor technologies. In this work, the optimized molecular geometries, some diagnostic geometric parameters, electronic characteristics, natural bond orbital examinations and the interaction phenomena between C60, Si- or Al-doped C60 and phenylalanine amino acid molecule were investigated by the quantum mechanical calculations. It is observed that the impurity addition and using water as the solvent intensify the interaction between fullerene and amino acid system. These lead to various alterations in the electronic properties and NH stretching values of the clusters studied.

1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine (TFMPP) is one of the commonly abused drugs in the illicit drug market. Its detection or identification is important to investigate. In this work, density function theory (DFT) approach was used to analyse silicon or aluminium doped C60 fullerenes and TFMPP interactions for possible sensor applications. Stabilities of the investigated systems were examined in terms of the adsorption energies of TFMPP onto Si and Al decorated fullerenes. It was found that AlC59+TFMPP resulted in higher adsorption energies compared to SiC59+TFMPP. We also considered the band gap energy and concluded that Si and Al decorated fullerenes are sensitive to the presence of TFMPP in both the gas phase and aqueous medium.

Fullerenes and heteroatom doped fullerenes exhibit high potential as drug delivery agents in sensor technology and medical applications. We investigated, using density functional theory, the possible interaction sites and the nature of interaction, adsorption energy assessments, band gap energy evaluations, charge transfer analyses, and some diagnostic vibrational band assignments for valproic acid (VPA) and aluminum, silicon, and boron decorated fullerene systems. The present research shows that VPA has strong interaction with the doped fullerene cages particularly at its carbonyl edge. Therefore, these doped fullerenes can be suggested as possible drug delivery agents.

Piperazine and tetraone-related compounds are widely used in the drug industry. Heteroatom-doped fullerenes are studied as new types of sensor devices, and medical applications are studied as drug delivery vehicles. In this work, Si- or Al-doped C60 fullerenes and their interactions with piperazine-2,3,5,6-tetraone (ppto) molecule and some important structural or electronic properties were examined using the density functional theory (DFT). Results indicate that doped C60 fullerenes might be used to diagnose the presence of ppto as delivery vehicle and sensor because of their high adsorption energies and change of band gap energies.

Piperazines and fullerene nanocages are versatile compounds. These are discussed in a wide range of academic work, especially in the field of medicine, and considered for various applications by the pharmaceutical industry. In the present research, the potential interaction mechanisms between B-, Si-doped C60 and 1-formylpiperazine (1-fp) were examined within the framework of density functional theory, along with their optimized molecular structures and electronic properties. The calculated binding energies and various other physical and chemical parameters of 1-fp found in this work in comparison with the Si- and B-doped fullerenes suggest that doping of fullerene nanocage leads to a strong interaction mechanism that alters the chemical and electronic properties of the investigated compounds. This finding can be used as a guide for their further applications.