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Principles of constructing theory of development and establishment of radiobiological reactions in the multilevel hierarchical structures of multicellular organisms are laid down on the bases of mathematical modeling and the theory of biosystems reliability. These principles are consistent with experimental and theoretical studies. Mathematical models were tested on the example of radiobiological effects of the perennial aquatic herbaceous plant Spirodela polyrrhiza. Possibility of using the proposed method for studying radiobiological and biophysical processes for biological structures of various complexity: from cell level to population level of higher plants is justified.

In care of existence of possible radioactive contamination from nuclear enterprises and equipment it is usual to develop and apply special protective measures, countermeasures to protect workers, population and the envi-ronment from radionuclides impact. Analysis and assessment of radioecological countermeasures based on the radiocapacity theory have been realized in this article. The principles and methods of remediation proposed in the article can be used for different types of ecosystems and for different pollutants.

Natural and technogenic cataclysms taking place in Ukraine bring to the forefront the problem of estimation and forecast of different ecosystems type. Theory and models of the radio capacity and reliability developed by us allow to describe adequately regularities of radionuclide migration and redistribution in slope ecosystems, and carry out mathematical modeling of investigated phenomena. That will give the possibility to use special coun-termeasures.

Theory and the models of radiocapacity ecosystems using the theory and models of reliability have allowed adequately to describe the laws of migration and radionuclides distribution for different types ecosystems of res-ervoirs and land. The theory and the models of radiocapacity allow strictly to define critical elements of ecosys-tem where it is necessary to expect temporary or final depoting of radionuclides.The approach on the basis of application biogenic tracers allows within the framework of the theory both models of radiocapacity and reliabil-ity simultaneously to estimate the processes of radionuclides migration, to define the dozes of loading on biota ecosystems, and to establish fundamental parameters of radionuclides redistribution speeds and others pollutants in different types of ecosystems.

Results of the analysis of 137Cs radionuclides flows as an example of village Galusia of the Volyn region and in ecosystem of village Kotsyubynchyky in Ternopil region polluted by 90Sr are considered. The analysis is made by the method of box models. The block diagrams of ecosystems were created, and the mathematical models by the method of box models are developed. It has allowed estimating ways of formation doses of an internal irradiation at the expense of products of meal for different groups of population – working people, pensioners and children, and prognosed dynamics of these doses for the next years after Chornobyl NPP accident. It was established, that doses in these villages formed by other ways, depending on radionuclide, pastures structure and levels of their pollution.