1. Museums and cradles of diversity are geographically coincident for narrowly distributed Neotropical snakes
- Author
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Hussam Zaher, Paulo Passos, Josué A. R. Azevedo, João Filipe Riva Tonini, Christine Strüssmann, Søren Faurby, Vanesa Arzamendia, Thaís B. Guedes, Alexandre Antonelli, Alejandro R. Giraudo, Antônio Jorge Suzart Argôlo, Fausto Erritto Barbo, Francisco Luís Franco, Ricardo J. Sawaya, Cristiano Nogueira, Ana Lúcia da Costa Prudente, and Martin Jansen
- Subjects
PHYLOGENETIC ENDEMISM ,Ecology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,CANAPE ,PHYLOGENETIC TURNOVER ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https] ,Phylogenetic diversity ,Geography ,PHYLOGENETIC DIVERSITY ,Coincident ,PALEO-ENDEMISM ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https] ,SQUAMATA REPTILES ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Diversity (politics) ,media_common - Abstract
Factors driving the spatial configuration of centres of endemism have long been a topic of broad interest and debate. Due to different eco-evolutionary processes, these highly biodiverse areas may harbour different amounts of ancient and recently diverged organisms (paleo- and neo-endemism, respectively). Patterns of endemism still need to be measured at distinct phylogenetic levels for most clades and, consequently, little is known about the distribution, the age and the causes of such patterns. Here we tested for the presence of centres with high phylogenetic endemism (PE) in the highly diverse Neotropical snakes, testing the age of these patterns (paleo- or neo-endemism), and the presence of PE centres with distinct phylogenetic composition. We then tested whether PE is predicted by topography, by climate (seasonality, stability, buffering and relictualness), or biome size. We found that most areas of high PE for Neotropical snakes present a combination of both ancient and recently diverged diversity, which is distributed mostly in the Caribbean region, Central America, the Andes, the Atlantic Forest and on scattered highlands in central Brazil. Turnover of lineages is higher across Central America, resulting in more phylogenetically distinct PE centres compared to South America, which presents a more phylogenetically uniform snake fauna. Finally, we found that elevational range (topographic roughness) is the main predictor of PE, especially for paleo-endemism, whereas low paleo-endemism levels coincide with areas of high climatic seasonality. Our study highlights the importance of mountain systems to both ancient and recent narrowly distributed diversity. Mountains are both museums and cradles of snake diversity in the Neotropics, which has important implications for conservation in this region. Fil: Azevedo, Josué Anderson Rêgo. University Goteborg; Suecia. Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre; Suecia Fil: Guedes, Thaís B.. University Goteborg; Suecia. Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre; Suecia. Universidade Estadual do Maranhão. Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias. Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde; Portugal Fil: Nogueira, Cristiano de Campos. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Passos, Paulo. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Sawaya, Ricardo. Universidad Federal do Abc; Brasil Fil: Prudente, Ana. Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi; Brasil Fil: Barbo, Fausto Erritto. Governo do Estado de Sao Paulo. Secretaria da Saude. Instituto Butantan; Brasil Fil: Strüssmann, Christine. Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul; Brasil Fil: Franco, Francisco L.. Governo do Estado de Sao Paulo. Secretaria da Saude. Instituto Butantan; Brasil Fil: Arzamendia, Vanesa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto Nacional de Limnología. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto Nacional de Limnología; Argentina Fil: Giraudo, Alejandro Raul. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto Nacional de Limnología. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto Nacional de Limnología; Argentina Fil: Argolo, Antonio. Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz; Brasil Fil: Jansen, Martin. Senckenberg Research Institute and Nature Museum; Alemania Fil: Zaher, Hussam. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Tonini, Joao Filipe Riva. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; Francia. Sorbonne University; Francia. Harvard University; Estados Unidos Fil: Faurby, Søren. University Goteborg; Suecia Fil: Antonelli, Alexandre. University Goteborg; Suecia
- Published
- 2019
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