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Liberal modernists have claimed that democracy requires participation by interested parties in the politics of need interpretation. Poor people, an interested party, may lack the rational and critical language essential for the process of interpretation. This paper discusses a different perspective on the language of participation by the poor. Focusing on the everyday practices of the poor and using information collected from ethnographic research in Sultanbeyli, a low-income district in Istanbul, Turkey, it is shown how discursive power constrains the language and the manner of talking that the poor use to articulate their needs. The people in the district, “former villagers bound to the Anatolian tradition” using religious morality as a justification of their demands, successfully negotiate with administrators of social assistance programs, thus participating directly in the politics of need interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article explores the roles of Catholic Sisterhoods on their contribution to social work with the poor people in the last quarter of nineteenth century in Sydney, New South Wales. It investigates why the social work of Catholic Sisters was missing from the history of social welfare in Australia. It scrutinizes the Catholic Sisters' approach and principles in playing a significant role in the nineteenth century in helping poor people. It questions the attributes and methods of Catholic Sisters in doing their social work which are allegedly in contrast with the stance of the New South Wales government of the period.

This article investigates the economic effects of sickness amongst the poor in early nineteenth-century Oxford and how they managed to support themselves when faced with paying for the costs of medical care on reduced or lost earnings. A wide variety of expedients were adopted by the poor: not just parochial relief but the use of credit, subscription and endowed charity, membership of friendly societies for some, assistance from kin, even begging and crime. Most of these types of assistance were, however, limited, and generally only poor relief and the more recent subscription charities like the St. Giles's Benevolent Society were able to support the sick in any significant manner. In particular, the rise of subscription charities in Oxford during this period may have helped to fill a gap left in welfare provision as a growing population outstripped existing resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chinese Perceived Causes of Poverty Scale (CPCPS) was constructed to assess Chinese people’s beliefs about poverty. Four categories of explanations of poverty are covered in this scale: personal problems of poor people, lack of opportunities to escape from poverty, exploitation of poor people, and bad fate. Based on the responses of 1,519 Chinese secondary school students to the CPCPS, confirmatory factor analyses provided support for these four dimensions of the scale. By splitting the total sample into two sub-samples, further analyses showed that the CPCPS was invariant with reference to factor structure (configural invariance), factor loadings (construct-level metric covariance) and factor variances/covariances across different samples. The present findings are generally consistent with the previous findings based on exploratory factor analyses and they provide support for the use of the CPCPS for assessing beliefs about causes of poverty in Chinese people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing research on beliefs about government efforts to lessen poverty is limited in two important ways. First, explanations of beliefs about antipoverty efforts largely focus on current contexts. By emphasizing contemporary contexts, existing research overlooks the potentially profound effect of past experiences. Second, most existing research relies on cross-sectional data, which limits understandings of within person change. In the research presented here, I use both cross-sectional and panel data from the General Social Survey to (1) examine how past experiences shape an individual's belief about what the government should do about poverty, and (2) examine whether beliefs about the government's role in helping the poor are sensitive to changes in micro and macroeconomic hardship. Drawing on theories related to the formative years and event-driven changes, I find that experiences during late adolescence, increases in macro-level economic hardship, and increases in individual hardship all influence support for government efforts to lessen poverty; however, current objective and subjective economic position is particularly important. Moreover, I find variation in support across different types of government responses to poverty. In particular, "welfare" is uniquely unpopular, and support for welfare is less responsive to generational experiences or changes in individual-level hardship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the Cork Board of Guardians in Cork, Ireland established by the 1847 British Parliamentary Irish Poor Relief Extension Act for outdoor relief in years following the 1846 and 1847 Irish famine. It considers contemporary opinions and criticisms regarding outdoor relief presented by officials responsible for overseeing the implementation of the poor laws, Catholic Church clergy, social reformers, and Irish nationalists. It considers the impact of outdoor relief compared to the previous requirements for institutionalization of poor people on Irish society. Other topics include home rule, agrarianism, and competing late nineteenth-century nationalist and unionist political doctrines.

In the wake of welfare reform, many poor people have exhausted their benefits and must now live with less government support. While all of these former welfare recipients are struggling, some are experiencing housing problems that are quite severe. This article uses survey data on former welfare recipients who have used up the maximum time limits for receiving welfare to better understand three core explanations for rural housing problems among the poor: community, individual, and family factors. We estimate models to weigh the relative effects of these factors on the likelihood of experiencing several housing outcomes, finding that rural location is the most consistent predictor of housing outcomes, predicting home ownership, and whether families reside in low-quality housing. We also find that individual and family factors affect the type of housing one has. We conclude that housing policies must be tailored to improve specific housing outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with British press coverage of a social group traditionally referred to in conservative discourse as the undeserving poor. The perception of the poor as either deserving or not deserving of state assistance on a moral basis is put into the context of the present public financial crisis, in which a justification for welfare cuts is being sought. It is shown that conservative-minded British papers (The Times, The Telegraph and The Daily Mail) uphold the Coalition government's hardened attitude towards benefits claimants, while progressiveminded papers (The Guardian, The Independent) refute the existence of the undeserving poor, looking instead for structural explanations of poverty-related phenomena. The main frames used to depict the undeserving poor are identified as fecklessness, anti-social behaviour and a something-for-nothing culture. The article draws on the work of frame theorist Shanto Iyengar and linguist George Lakoff, as well as on various social research reports on poverty in Britain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the New Poor Law was passed by the Westminster Parliament, it was implemented at the most local level through newly established parochial boards. By tracing the case of a Paisley widow in need of poor relief through the changing landscape of the Scottish Poor Law in the 1850s, this article analyses the changing interpretation of the law regarding widows' settlements and highlights the interplay between local bodies and higher courts in interpreting the law. Individual experience and practice in localities worked together to create a national system that reflected Scottish understandings of gender, marriage, and independence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estimates show only 56 percent of poor households who are eligible for benefits under the Program of Advancement Through Health and Education (PATH) in Jamaica actually applied to the program. Also, application rate among urban households is approximately half the rate that exists among poor rural households. This study investigates potential reasons for the relatively low application rate. Using data compiled by the Statistical Institute of Jamaica (STATIN), we conclude that single male household heads are two to four times less likely to apply for benefits compared to households headed by females and married couples. Problems regarding information about PATH and the complexity of the application process have the greatest impact on the decision not to apply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Argues in favor of the use of a social structural and a cultural approach to the study of poor families facing the consequences of historic policy change in the United States. Factors to consider in surveying poor people regarding welfare reforms; Influence of structural and social forces in poor people's responses to welfare policy proposals.

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Poverty is a persistent problem in the United States, affecting millions of people and many areas of public policy. Nevertheless, public officials have said relatively little about poverty in recent years. What do ordinary Americans think about poverty and government's role in fighting it? This article summarizes two decades of survey data-drawing on ANES, Gallup, NORC/GSS, Pew, and other national polls-to help answer these questions. Americans generally feel positively toward the poor, believe that fighting poverty should be a high priority for government, and favor spending more on the poor. But many people remain skeptical of "welfare," worry about dependence on government aid, and are dissatisfied with past efforts to reduce poverty. Thus, officials could interpret existing polls as a sign to increase or decrease government's role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With 1.36 million refugees, Uganda has witnessed Africa's highest refugee crisis and is confronted with subsequent protection and assistance demands. The Government of Uganda and its partners are trying to support refugees to overcome the associated debilitating health conditions, and it recently shot to prominence in refuge management. Despite this, there are still gaps in health service provision for refugees. This article discusses the health situation of refugee women and children living in Uganda's refugee settlements, explores the existing health service gaps, and argues that there is a need to extend the role of social work in health services for refugees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poverty in early childhood is pervasive, affecting every aspect of children's lives. Under current government policies child poverty in the UK is predicted to rise to 40 per cent by 2022. Dominant discourses of poverty have historically focussed on an over‐arching discourse of moral responsibility, essentially relating to notions of deserving and underserving poor. This paper examines how government policy continues to significantly impact on young children and families on low incomes in early childhood and how stigmatised discourses about welfare, work are pervasive. It is argued that discourses of redistribution and children's rights deserve greater recognition if poverty is to be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the Great Famine (1845–51) hundreds of thousands of Irish refugees fled to Britain, escaping the hunger and disease afflicting their homeland. Many made new lives there, but others were subsequently shipped back to Ireland by poor law authorities under the laws of Settlement and Removal. This article explores the coping strategies of the Famine Irish in Britain, and the responses of poor law authorities to the inflow of refugees with a particular focus on their use of removal. We argue that British poor law unions in areas heavily affected by the refugee crisis adopted rigorous removal policies, and that the non-settled Irish were consequently deeply reluctant to apply for poor relief, doing so only when alternative sources of support were unavailable. Thus, the true scale of Irish hardship was hidden from the official record. The article also explores, for the first time, the experiences of those sent back to Ireland, a country suffering from the devastating effects of Famine. The combination of heavy Irish immigration to Britain and large-scale removals back to Ireland created distrust between the authorities at British and Irish port towns, as both sides felt aggrieved by the inflow of destitute Irish arriving on their shores. At the centre of all this were the Irish poor themselves. Uncertainty, dislocation and hardship were often their experience, and we argue that this endured long after the Famine had ended; that the events of the late 1840s, indeed, created a new reality for the Irish in Britain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of chronic poverty measures are now empirically applied to quantify the prevalence and intensity of chronic poverty, vis‐à‐vis transient experiences, using panel data. Welfare trajectories over time are assessed in order to identify the chronically poor and distinguish them from the non‐poor, or the transiently poor, and assess the extent and intensity of intertemporal poverty. We examine the implications of measurement error in the welfare outcome for some popular discontinuous chronic poverty measures, and propose corrections to these measures that seeks to minimize the consequences of measurement error. The approach is based on a novel criterion for the identification of chronic poverty that draws on fuzzy set theory. We illustrate the empirical relevance of the approach with a panel dataset from rural Ethiopia and some simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A policy instrument can take on multi-dimensional objectives as additional elements are added over time. I examine this through analysis of the ‘support card’ established by the Turkish district municipality of Başakşehir. In this case, a market-based system of income support and instrument for partizan mobilization subsequently transformed into a technology demonstration project. The appearance of multiple objectives is the result of the juxtaposition of target audiences, including a European-based innovation network, low income urban residents, local businesses, and volunteers for the ruling Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP) party. This analysis also contributes to a better conceptualization of the AKP's capacity to enhance its legitimacy beyond electoral mobilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mucho se ha estudiado y debatido en torno al tema de la pobreza, sin embargo no existe una teoría económica de consenso, de aquí el interés que se tiene en seguir explorando las ventajas y desventajas de los distintos enfoque. El presente estudio realiza un análisis de la pobreza en México utilizando un enfoque multidimensional. Se trata de un enfoque alternativo a los índices de pobreza unidimensional, dicho enfoque contempla un conjunto de variables con determinada ponderación. El artículo hace una revisión de distintos enfoques de medición de la pobreza, establece argumentos teóricos y posteriormente realiza un análisis de la pobreza en México utilizando el criterio multidimensional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on Boston, Massachusetts' poor population and how they utilized the city's Almshouse between 1795 and 1801. The authors explain that most Boston Almshouse inmates were from the Boston neighborhood known as the North End rather than from pastoral areas. They discuss the residential mobility and residential patterns of the Almshouse inmates, explore how immigrants seemed to cluster together at the Almshouse, and examine the relationship between economics, social class, and population density in the city.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the integration of the relative cost of children to adults and of economies of scale in the context of household's welfare evaluation. Results derived with empirically-estimated scales show that female-headed households are poorer than male-headed households. Poverty is also found to be more prevalent in rural areas, in households whose heads are illiterate, and in households whose heads work in the informal sector. As for poverty dynamics, the results show that poverty decreased in Cameroon between 1996 and 2001. Despite the fact that some results are the same as those derived from the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) scales used by Cameroon's National Institute of Statistics, many stand in stark contrast to these. The results of the present study are used to recommend specific policies in favor of poverty alleviation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article proposes a relational definition of poor people and poverty situations grounded in the Epistemology of the Known Subject and drawn from qualitative research data. I first examine the basic assumptions of such epistemology which has arisen from the limitations of prior ways of knowing; that is, of what I call the epistemological paradigms of the Epistemology of the Knowing Subject. Then I discuss the features of an empirical study on extreme poverty in Buenos Aires city, as well as the data analysis and concept creation processes involved. This enables me to consider the characteristics of the relational definition of poor people and poverty situations. Finally, I explore the societal model and the type of social process underlying the usual notions of poverty, and the influence of both on social policy design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), a part of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, changed the philosophical ground and rules and regulations that apply to low-income families with children who seek federal income support. TANF recipients have less flexibility in charting their life courses than AFDC recipients had. This article presents the findings of a study that investigated how TANF leavers, in comparison with AFDC leavers, fared economically after they left the cash assistance rolls. The major finding is that the income status of AFDC leavers increased considerably, but that of TANF leavers declined. The authors argue that TANF leavers fared less well economically because their decisions about whether to work, to engage in work-related activities, and to leave cash assistance rolls were under stricter control. The data sources for this study were the 1993 and 1996 Survey of Income and Program Participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined early research findings concerning the well-being of people who leave Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) programs and then applies these findings in the development of TANF-related advocacy strategies. Based on secondary data analysis of TANF leaver studies from 12 states with large TANF caseloads, the authors focus on the employment and earnings experiences of leavers; TANF recidivism and its relationship to job stability; and the use of support services. State studies typically have found employment levels among leavers in the 55 percent to 65 percent range, but average earnings fall below the poverty level. Although those who remain employed can expect earnings growth, job instability is a significant problem and contributes to TANF recidivism rates of 21 percent to 35 percent within the first year. Available support services such as Medicaid, food stamps, and child care subsidies are underused, often because leavers do not understand that they are eligible. Recommended advocacy strategies include policy interventions to improve the economic well-being of low-income working people, as well as administrative and direct practice strategies to improve the implementation of existing policies. The authors argue that attention to such advocacy efforts is both critical and opportune for social work, given the profession's historical mission, impending federal TANF reauthorization, and unspent TANF allocations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the economic aspects of social welfare and poverty. The author comments on the financial measurements related to the behavior of poor people who rely on the welfare system and describes how these measurements can drive policy. The use of household surveys, particularly in the determination of economic consumption among the poor, is examined.

Despite progress on extending social health protection coverage, most low-income countries are still far from achieving universal health coverage and thus key objectives related to improvements in health, such as those aimed at by the Millennium Development Goals ( MDGs), will almost certainly not be realized by 2015. Principally affected are the most vulnerable populations: the rural and urban poor and workers in the informal economy and their families. It is of particular concern that progress might not only remain limited but even be reversed if policies continue to fail to address the root causes of gaps and deficits in health coverage. This article provides evidence that these causes lie both within and beyond the health sector and are strongly related to poverty and other forms of vulnerability. It argues that sustainable progress towards universal health coverage can only be achieved in an adequate time frame when focusing simultaneously on i) extending health coverage and improving access to needed health care; ii) providing income security through income support to those in need; iii) addressing limitations, or the inability to participate, in income generation from work; and iv) implementing coherent policies within and across the social, economic and health sectors that set priorities on poverty alleviation. Such policies can best be implemented in the context of national social protection floors ( SPF) that focus on access to at least essential health care and on providing at least basic income security over the life cycle to all in need. Implementing SPFs may result in breaking the mutual linkages between ill health, poverty and other vulnerabilities and achieving sustainable progress towards universal health coverage and other social protection objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The government provides housing allowance for low-income group, which is one of the important measures to achieve social fairness. But this way will reduce the efficiency of resource allocation, and make welfare loss for economic society. How to measure the size of welfare losses caused by housing allowance is an issue of concern. Two research models have been established, in which the impact of housing allowance on social welfare have been investigated for sufficient and not sufficient subsidy funds. It is shown that the size of the loss of social welfare depends not only on the amount of housing allowance, but also on the way of housing allowance in the affordable housing market. The more the price decline caused by housing allowance is, the higher resource allocation distorted, greater the welfare losses. The smaller benefits range of allowance is, the greater the welfare losses when the allowance fund is fixed. The higher market price or the larger trading volume is, the greater welfare losses caused by allowance. The greater market demand elasticity or supply elasticity is, the greater welfare losses caused by allowance. However, welfare losses caused by allowance are not infinite, and it has a maximum value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the recent developments in the provision of pro bono legal services by attorneys in South Africa. It offers information on the legal service delivery for indigent people by attorneys in private practice acting pro bono in civil matters. It informs that there have been considerable gaps between the proper access to the civil justice imperatives of constitutional South Africa and democratic South Africa. It considers of pro bono services provided by private attorneys and it's promoting in an equitable society by making proper access to justice.

The article focuses on child support issues with regards to low income families in the U.S. Many families have had problem providing support for their children. Welfare reform programs were initiated in 1996 with the implementation of the U.S. Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act. But nonresident parents were forced to pay extra due to non-availability of benefits for them. The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) was also not able to overcome this issue.

Charitable soup kitchens proliferated in nineteenth-century Europe and North America. Three soup kitchens operating in England between 1870 and 1910 are compared; two were Jewish soup kitchens, the other was an English (non-Jewish) charity. Institutional buildings are often analyzed using Foucault-derived models of control based on surveillance and punishment. Such models may not explain fully charities, their buildings, or their method of reform. Historical archaeology can show how charity that coerces or dehumanizes the poor is less likely to create lasting improvements in the behaviors it is seeking to reform than charity that adopts a more positive approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the financial lives of low-income households which are dynamic and complex. It informs that the financial behavior of families on public assistance is uniquely structured by policies. It further informs that the solution to improve the financial lives of vulnerable households is to understand their real attitudes, behaviors and financial aspirations.

Self-monitoring of bood glucose alone is not a good predictor of HbA1c goal attainment. Health plans might benefit from formulary restrictions to provide more cost-effective care, without negatively impacting glycemic control. And by using targeted inteventions, healthcare providers could help maximize SMBG's clinical benefit for patients who receive test strips. Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) can be an important tool in diabetes treatment, both for patient self-management and for guiding clinicians regarding medication adjustments. Evidence supports the association of SMBG with clinical outcomes in patients with type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) although it is mixed for patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The cost of SMBG comprises a substantial portion of the total cost for patients with diabetes, and test strips are one of the main expenditures of the University of North Carolina Medical Center Pharmacy Assistance Program (PAP), which provides medication coverage, including test strips, to indigent patients who have no pharmacy insurance. The objective of this study is to evaluate the utility of SMBG based on the impact of test-strip adherence on glycemic goal attainment in an indigent population that is provided with low-copay test strips. This retrospective cohort study included patients with T1DM or T2DM who were enrolled in PAP in 2016 and who received a prescription for test strips during the 90 days prior to hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measurement. Adherence was defined as the proportion of days covered (PDC) > 0.8. Of the 498 patients encountered, 20% of the adherent group (n = 245) and 25% of the nonadherent group (n = 253) had a goal of HbA1c < 7% (P = 0.24). There were no differences in mean HbA1c between the groups, except in the multiple daily injections (MDI) of the insulin subgroup (8.9% vs. 9.6%, P = 0.009). The adherent group was 80% less likely to have a diabetes-related hospitalization (odds ratio [OR], 0.2; 95% CI, 0.04-0.92). The total test-strip cost to PAP was more than $200,000. In conclusion, in an indigent population, adherence to SMBG does not correlate with glycemic goal attainment and imposes a substantial cost burden on the healthcare system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The liberalization of utilities has generally led to the creation of an economic regulator, nominally independent of government. The United Kingdom, as a pioneer of this process, has more than 30 years of experience with independent regulators. However, by 2019, the three main regulated utilities in the United Kingdom, energy, water and rail, were in disarray with a combination of high prices, poor service and a failure to achieve the goals of competition set at the time of the reforms. Government, the companies and the regulators must all bear the blame for this situation. We focus on the regulator in this article and argue that there a number of factors behind their failings including a concentration on economic issues to the detriment of other issues such as environment and public welfare, a lack of public accountability and a poor culture in the regulators based on a view that regulatory interventions were always counterproductive. Given that regulators are appointed by government and funded by Parliamentary vote, the claim of independence is not credible and there are circumstances when government should be able to overrule regulators in the broader public interest. We suggest that expanding the range of skills among the regulatory decision makers, regular rigorous Parliamentary scrutiny and a much stronger focus on the attributes consumers require – affordability, reliability and sustainability – rather than the current obsession with competition would improve the regulators' performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 'dually open' free movement system has evolved in the European Union (EU), granting EU citizens the right to free movement within the Union as well as cross-border welfare rights. Some scholarly literature and public debates have characterised the system as corrosive to the nationally organised welfare state, which will become a 'magnet' for the European poor. This paper examines how the German and Danish welfare states have responded to the 'dual open' system and its outcomes in terms of EU citizens' take-up rate of non-contributory benefits between 2007 and 2015. We show that the domestic responses were mostly restrictive and that outcomes remained rather stable. Our findings do not support the welfare magnet thesis but instead identify a tendency to a bifurcated social protection system for EU citizens in Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on several letters to the editors of Scots Chronicle on the inequality of property. Topics discussed include inquiry concerning the regulations on this subject most conducive to the public welfare and extending beyond equality of rights, interest in supporting excessive inequality of property and assiduities of his sycophants can never remove and Education of the Poor with degree of strength.

The population living in the peripheral regions of the city of São Paulo, the richest city in the country, suffer from the economic, social, and geographical inequalities of the city, penalized by the lack of adequate public services of education, health care, welfare, leisure, culture, and public transportation, living in a condition of exile in the city itself. Poor families seek to live in the central areas, where there is better urban infrastructure and alternatives for work, but they find extremely precarious housing in the slums at very high cost. Since 1988, the Gaspar Garcia Centre for Human Rights has struggled for the rights of this excluded population and has been able to improve living conditions for marginalized families by guaranteeing the right to own housing and through social insertion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study a Chilean programme that combines home visits to households in extreme poverty with guaranteed access to social services. Its goal was to connect marginalised families to the social system to improve their living conditions. Programme impacts are identified using regression discontinuity exploring the fact that eligibility is a discontinuous function of an index of family income and assets. There is no evidence of short or long-term effects on employment or housing. However, we find short and medium-term impacts on the take-up of subsidies and employment services among families without access to the welfare system prior to the intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last two decades, the historiography of poverty and welfare has moved decisively away from considerations of either black letter or case law, in favour of the study of the socio-cultural experiences of the poor themselves. This article uses a large corpus of pauper letters and other correspondence for a number of Midland counties to argue for a reconsideration of the place of the law in shaping pauper entitlements and beliefs. It argues that paupers had a keen appreciation of both black letter and case law and could rhetoricize this knowledge, bringing it to bear in their attempts to establish deservingness in a poor law system that offered no legal guarantees of relief. Even more importantly, paupers came to have detailed knowledge of the grey areas of the law, a territory on which they could exercise their own agency vis-à-vis officials. The article also tries to trace the genealogy of this legal knowledge, suggesting for instance that paupers shared a common linguistic and knowledge platform with officials and advocates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article contributes to the literature of pro-poor growth measurement by introducing and characterizing a growth-rate consistency axiom. The axiom states that if one growth pattern is judged to be more pro-poor than another growth pattern at a given growth rate, then the pro-poor ranking between the two growth patterns should remain the same at a higher growth rate. We show that summary pro-poor measures such as poverty-growth elasticities may violate this axiom. We then characterize a special dominance condition under which a given summary pro-poor measure will satisfy the growth-rate consistency axiom. Finally, we establish a general growth-rate dominance condition under which all summary pro-poor measures will respect the growth-rate consistency axiom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on six months of ethnographic fieldwork in the main welfare office of the city of Buenos Aires, this article dissects poor people's lived experiences of waiting. The article examines the welfare office as a site of intense sociability amidst pervasive uncertainty. Poor people's waiting experiences persuade the destitute of the need to be patient, thus conveying the implicit state request to be compliant clients. An analysis of the sociocultural dynamics of waiting helps us understand how (and why) welfare clients become not citizens but patients of the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We evaluate household participation in the Indonesian Raskin program, a national rice price subsidy program for the poor. Using a household panel from the 2000 and 2007 rounds of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS), we evaluate program participation over the duration of the year prior to the 2007 survey using four different measures of participation. We find that although the poor as a whole are likely to have higher levels of participation compared to the non‐poor, program participation is regressive among the poor. The poorest households are less likely to purchase Raskin rice over the course of a year, and, conditional on participation, they are likely to purchase lower quantities of rice, they purchase rice with lower frequency and they have lower participation relative to the number of community distributions. We also find that this regressive participation among the poorest households is more severe in urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With a rising tide of in‐work poverty, we need to reform universal credit so people can build a better life [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]