30 results on '"公共交通"'
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2. 基于GIS的公交换乘网络构建及可达性分析.
- Author
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程刚 and 郭磊善
- Abstract
To improve the bus transfer efficiency and optimize the bus system, the bus transfer network was constructed based on GIS software, and the network was used to measure and analyze the transfer accessibility. Combined with Space-P model and network analysis method, the same-station transfer sub-network was constructed based on the basic information of bus route paths, stations and intersections in Chengguan District of Lhasa City. Combined with the information of bus station service scope, pedestrian. path and intersection, the different-station interchange sub-network was constructed. The two sub-networks were collaborated to realize the construction of bus transfer network based on ArcGIS, and the passenger on-board time and the transfer coefficient of bus routes were measured and analyzed based on the constructed transfer network. The results show that the constructed network can measure the passenger on-board time well, and the maximum value of passenger on-board time is 68.68 min with the minimum value of 2.00 min and the average value of passenger transfer on-board time of 29.90 min. This network can well measure the interchange coefficients to obtain 90 300 effective interchange routes with the maximum interchange coefficient of 4 (62 routes) and the minimum value of 0 (1354 routes). Using the accessibility metric model, the good measurement and analysis of bus stop time accessibility and transfer accessibility can be realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. How buses alleviate unemployment and poverty: Lessons from a natural experiment in Clayton County, GA.
- Author
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Li, Fei and Wyczalkowski, Christopher Kajetan
- Subjects
- *
POVERTY rate , *LOCAL transit access , *BUS transportation , *UNEMPLOYMENT , *PUBLIC transit , *POVERTY - Abstract
Many studies have documented the linkage between public transportation and economic outcomes, though there is relatively little empirical evidence on the consequences of losing existing transit services, especially bus services, which disproportionately serve low-income populations. We investigate the impacts of bus access on poverty and employment using a natural experiment in Clayton County, GA, where the local bus transit was terminated between 2010 and 2015. Using a difference-in-difference approach, we find substantial increases in poverty and unemployment rates in affected neighbourhoods during the five-year period. Our findings suggest both the spatial mismatch hypothesis, which predicts the reduction in transit access can lead to reductions in job accessibility and employment, and the residential sorting hypothesis, which states that poor households gravitate towards neighbourhoods with better transit access, could be at play. Overall, we find strong evidence that disruptions in bus transit could have significant adverse impacts on neighbourhood economic outcomes. Our findings underscore the need for federal and local public transportation funding to help improve job access, alleviate poverty, and maintain neighbourhood stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. 电池健康程度差异下的电动公交线路车辆调度方法.
- Author
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别一鸣, 朱奥泽, and 从远
- Abstract
Copyright of Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition) is the property of South China University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. 基于超级时空网络的公交车辆调度模型及 3M 进化算法.
- Author
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何胜学
- Subjects
EVOLUTIONARY algorithms ,WORKING hours ,VEHICLE models ,NUMERICAL analysis ,EVOLUTIONARY models ,ASSIGNMENT problems (Programming) ,BUSES ,BUS transportation - Abstract
Copyright of Operations Research Transactions / Yunchouxue Xuebao is the property of Editorial office of Operations Research Transactions and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. 公共交通乘客的活动模式和规律性研究.
- Author
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陈艳艳, 王子帆, 孙浩冬, and 张野
- Subjects
WORK orientations ,HIERARCHICAL clustering (Cluster analysis) ,PUBLIC transit ,SMART cards ,OPERATIONS management - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition) is the property of South China University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. 基于实时路况的城市公交出行相对时空效率特征.
- Author
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许彩薇, 黄正东, 赵天鸿, 张莹, and 黄嘉诚
- Abstract
The travel efficiency of public transportation is a key indicator for judging whether the quality of public transportation has developed compared with other modes of transportation, especially private vehicles. The quality of public transportation is also an important reference factor for residents' choices. With the rapid urban expansion and improvement in motorized travel levels, reducing the time difference between private vehicles and public transportation is the key to improving the attractiveness of public transportation. The relative spatiotemporal efficiency is based on the time difference between private vehicles and public transportation, considering the number of passengers. Recently, scholars have shown great interest in relative travel efficiency. However, relevant studies have shown poor real-time performance because of the unavailability of large datasets, which cannot dynamically reflect the characteristics of relative travel efficiency. The spread of big data and internet maps enables us to perform systematic efficiency evaluations. The internet map incorporates various travel-related information such as travel route, time, and cost under different travel modes based on real-time road conditions and provides access to the extracted embedded travel information. This study proposes a framework for evaluating the spatiotemporal efficiency of different travel modes based on real-time road conditions in Shenzhen. First, travel time data were obtained using an internet map during the morning, afternoon, and evening rush hours. The passenger flow volume was computed using smart card data. We then constructed an evaluation index model of spatiotemporal efficiency based on the relative time efficiency and weighted passenger flow volume. Finally, the results highlighted the following: 1) the relative time efficiency of public transportation was higher during the evening rush hours than in the morning. The main reason was the increase in private vehicle travel time during the evening rush hours, reflecting the complexity of urban road conditions during the evening; 2) the spatiotemporal efficiency index of central public transport stations fluctuated greatly during the three periods, which was closely related to the dynamics of traffic volume caused by the high concentration of workplaces; 3) the spatiotemporal efficiency index of public transportation stations exhibited spatial aggregation characteristics in the three periods, highlighting the different clustering characteristics in the central and outer areas; 4) the spatiotemporal efficiency index of subway stations was generally higher than that of bus stations, reflecting the importance of subway systems in urban transportation networks. Evaluating the relative travel efficiency of urban public transport contributes to analyzing the development status of public transportation, supporting decisions to achieve high-quality development of public transport, and providing travel information for the government and residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. 基于客流特征鉴别的公交跨线组合调度优化方法.
- Author
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翁剑成, 王茂林, 林鹏飞, 马思雍, 徐立泉, and 梁发军
- Subjects
BUS lines ,TRAVEL costs ,OPERATING costs ,GENETIC algorithms ,QUALITY of service ,BUS transportation - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition) is the property of South China University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. What do residential lotteries show us about transportation choices?
- Author
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Millard-Ball, Adam, West, Jeremy, Rezaei, Nazanin, and Desai, Garima
- Subjects
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CHOICE of transportation , *BUILT environment , *PUBLIC transit , *OCCUPATIONAL mobility , *LOTTERIES - Abstract
Credibly identifying how the built environment shapes behaviour is empirically challenging, because people select residential locations based on differing constraints and preferences for site amenities. Our study overcomes these research barriers by leveraging San Francisco's affordable housing lotteries, which randomly allow specific households to move to specific residences. Using administrative data, we demonstrate that lottery-winning households' baseline preferences are uncorrelated with their allotted residential features such as public transportation accessibility, parking availability and bicycle infrastructure – meaning that neighbourhood attributes and a building's parking supply are effectively assigned at random. Surveying the households, we find that these attributes significantly affect transportation mode choices. Most notably, we show that essentially random variation in on-site parking availability greatly changes households' car ownership decisions and driving frequency, with substitution away from public transport. In contrast, we find that parking availability does not affect employment or job mobility. Overall, the evidence from our study robustly supports that local features of the built environment are important determinants of transportation behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Working-Class Mobility and Streetcar Politics in Reconstruction-Era St. Louis.
- Author
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Belanger, Elizabeth
- Subjects
- *
CABLE cars (Streetcars) , *WORKING class , *PUBLIC transit , *PRACTICAL politics , *CIVIL rights , *ELECTRIC railroad cars , *STREET railroads - Abstract
This article explores seven segregation cases involving African-American women and public transportation that played out in the city courts of St. Louis between 1865 and 1871. Situating the cases within a theoretical framework of mobility, the article explores the spatial characteristics of African-American working-class women's lives and the extent to which streetcars became staging grounds for larger civil rights battles. While previous accounts of streetcar activism have often positioned cases as isolated incidents undertaken by elite African-American women, the cases in St. Louis attest to the rise of civil rights activism among working-class African-American women. The discussion further shows how they contributed to the nature and form of oppositional politics in St. Louis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. 公交车辆调度的超级时空网络模型及 改进和声搜索算法.
- Author
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何胜学
- Subjects
- *
VEHICLE models , *PUBLIC transit , *SCHEDULING , *SEARCH algorithms , *ASSIGNMENT problems (Programming) - Abstract
In order to reduce the deadheading time and realize the equality of working time among crews in transit vehicle scheduling, this paper proposed a super time-space network based transit vehicle scheduling model and designed a modified harmony search algorithm for solving it. Firstly, this paper transformed the depot, trip, connector, pulling out arc, pulling in arc and deadheading trip into the nodes and arcs of a super time-space network. Secondly, this paper formulated a corresponding model of transit vehicle scheduling based on the constructed time-space network. Thirdly, this paper designed a mixed creation operator that made use of the information from harmony memory and the field of feasible solution. Fourthly, by searching the connectors in a circle, this paper built up an assignment network with local network elements and then realized the refinement of pitch by solving the above assignment problem. At last, based on the above operators, this paper presented a modified harmony search algorithm for the scheduling model. This research discovers the following: reducing deadheading trips and realizing the equality of working time are a pair of conflicted objectives, and optimizing them at same time needs a trade-off in view of the real life requirement. The size of deviation among trip chains has no monotonic dependent relation with the fleet size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. 集约型地下综合空间一体化设计实践———以西安西咸新区能源金贸区地下综合空间为例.
- Author
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张建军 and 杨 琴
- Subjects
UNDERGROUND areas ,TRANSIT-oriented development ,ENGINEERING standards ,PUBLIC spaces ,RAILROAD tunnels ,EXPORT credit ,MINE ventilation - Abstract
Copyright of Tunnel Construction / Suidao Jianshe (Zhong-Yingwen Ban) is the property of Tunnel Construction Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. 基于时间特征行为动力学的通勤模式分析.
- Author
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姚树申, 翁小雄, and 李飞羽
- Abstract
Copyright of Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition) is the property of South China University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. The impact of social cues on passengers' travel experience.
- Author
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Ittamalla, Rajesh and Srinivas Kumar, Daruri Venkata
- Subjects
CONSUMER behavior ,PROMPTS (Psychology) ,TRAVEL ,SERVICE industries ,PUBLIC transit ,LOYALTY - Abstract
Despite the importance of social cues in service experience environments, little is known about the role of other customer perceptions (OCP) in the formation of passengers' travel experience (PTE) and loyalty in public transportation. This study examines the impact of OCP on PTE and loyalty in public transportation and also investigates the moderating role of face-consciousness between OCP and PTE. Results revealed that all three dimensions of OCP have a positive effect on PTE, which consequently influences loyalty. More importantly, face-consciousness moderated the relationship between suitable behavior and PTE. Transport managers can benefit from these findings by considering the social environment as they design their services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Expansion of the subway network and spatial distribution of population and employment in the Seoul metropolitan area.
- Author
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Jin, Jangik and Kim, Danya
- Subjects
- *
TRANSPORTATION , *SUBWAYS , *EMPLOYMENT , *SUBURBANIZATION , *URBAN transportation , *METROPOLITAN areas , *URBAN growth , *SOCIAL history - Abstract
The objective of this study is to address two questions that are pertinent to the issue of transportation and urban spatial structure. First, we investigate whether the improvement of the subway system affects the spatial structure in the Seoul metropolitan area. Second, if so, we examine whether it contributes to the suburbanisation of population and employment or spatial concentration around the urban centre. To do so, we focus on the improvement of the subway system in Seoul metropolitan areas between 2000 and 2010 with micro population and employment data. Because of the interrelationship between population, employment and transportation, we control for the interplay between population, employment and subway network by using a simultaneous equation model. Our results provide several interesting findings. First, the improvement of the subway system plays an important role in changes in urban spatial structure. Second, the improvement of the subway system significantly affects job growth in the urban centre and subcentres in the city of Seoul. Third, the interrelationship between population, employment and public transportation generates redistributive effects that are substantially associated with urban growth and decline, and determine urban spatial structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Does zoning help or hinder transit-oriented (re)development?
- Author
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Schuetz, Jenny, Giuliano, Genevieve, and Shin, Eun Jin
- Subjects
- *
URBAN land use , *HOUSING market , *ZONING , *RAILROAD stations , *RAILROADS , *BUILT environment - Abstract
Despite its reputation as a car-oriented city, the Los Angeles metropolitan area has made substantial investments in developing rail transit since 1990. Most new stations were added to an already dense built environment, with auto-oriented zoning and established land use patterns. In this paper we ask whether redevelopment is occurring around Los Angeles rail stations, and whether zoning and related policies are facilitating or constraining transit-oriented development. We conduct case studies of five stations, documenting zoning near stations, as well as the amount and type of new development after stations opened. Results illustrate that incompatible zoning and related land use policies may constrain growth near stations, but TOD-friendly zoning alone is not sufficient to spur development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. 基于乘客感知的公交服务质量结构关系模型.
- Author
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林丽, 蔡云鹏, 刘明秀, and 周若兰
- Abstract
In order to improve the service level of the urban public transportation system from the perspective of passengers' perception, a structural equation with safety, convenience, and punctuality as the dominant variables, passenger expectations, passenger loyalty, and passenger satisfaction as hidden variables was established. Taking Nanjing No.2 Bus Line as the research object, the fit index of bus service perception model parameters was analyzed. The results showed that the IFI、CFI and TLI between safety, punctuality and passenger loyalty were less than 0.90, which were in an unacceptable range. After the deletion, the revised model of public transportation perceived service structural equation was obtained. Path coefficient showed that the most important three factors affecting passenger satisfaction were convenience, comfort and economy. The path coefficient reached 0.808, 0.789 and 0.654 respectively. Passengers expected buses to be able to achieve convenience, punctuality, and comfort. The path coefficients were 0.733, 0.703 and 0.612 respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
18. 公交乘客福利补贴及公交企业运营管制.
- Author
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郭倩雯 and 李仲飞
- Abstract
It is a strategic choice for China to develop public transportation with priorities, based on the relative relation between available resources and the population to support in cities. Due to the special characteristics of public transit operations, it is an important means to safeguard the healthy development of the public transportation industry and enhance the overall social welfare, through regulating transit operators and subsidizing transit users. This paper intends to explore how the government should combine two means of interventions -- regulation and subsidization -- to maximize social welfare in a monopolistic market. A mathematical programming model is proposed for public transit regulation and subsidization, after which the model's structure is simplified. Key analytical relations about fare, headway, and vehicle capacity are identified, which are supported numerically and theoretically. It is shown that it is welfareimproving to subsidize transit users only when the cost of subsidy is below a threshold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. 考虑在车感知价值的公交发车间隔计算模型.
- Author
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陈亮, 冯柳, and 李巧茹
- Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology. Social Sciences Edition / Haerbin Gongye Daxue Xuebao. Shehui Kexue Ban is the property of Harbin Institute of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Solutions and Issues of Local Public Transport Problems Using Sharing-Economy
- Subjects
Public Transportation ,シェアリングエコノミー ,共有経済 ,公共交通 ,中山間地域 ,Sharing Economy ,交通空白地域 ,Mountainous Area ,Traffic Blank Area - Abstract
人口の減少が続く中山間地域等の地方において地域課題の解決を目指したシェアリングエコノミーの導入は、一部自治体において政策レベルで始まっている。公共交通の維持が困難となり「地域の足の確保」が重要な課題となっている中山間地域でシェアリングエコノミーの導入に取り組んでいる地域の事例調査を通じて、シェアリングエコノミー以外の事業との組合せによる「多角化」によって事業を継続する可能性と同時に連携する他の公共交通サービスの事業の維持にもつながっていく可能性と課題を明らかにした。, The purpose of this research is to examine the possibility of sustainable development of the sharing economy, regarding the problem of public transportation using the sharing economy and its problems in mountainous areas where the population is decreasing and it is difficult to maintain public transportation.
- Published
- 2020
21. 中国近代城市公共交通研究的回顾与展望.
- Author
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李沛霖
- Abstract
Copyright of Wuhan University Journal. Humanity Sciences / Wuhan Daxue Xuebao. Renwen Kexue Ban is the property of Wuhan University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. A Study on Population Movements in Local Small and Middle Sized City - Case Study of Population Movements in Kure City
- Subjects
Public Transportation ,高齢化率 ,Aging rate ,公共交通 ,中小都市 ,人口動態 ,コンパクトシティ ,Small and middle sized city ,Population movements ,Compact city - Abstract
地方においては高齢化率が30%を大きく超えている都市も多くある。都市中心部を離れると住宅は散在し、高齢者世帯、一人暮らし世帯も多くある。そういった地区から、都市施設が整備されている都市中心部に転居する世帯もみられる。しかし、一方で転居することなく、限られた地区内での行動を余儀なくされている住民も存在する。こういった現状を都市の中での人口動態および高齢化率の指標を用いて考察する。
- Published
- 2015
23. 過疎集落の生活実態にみる政策課題: 珠洲市内三集落調査より
- Subjects
過疎化 ,depopulation ,生活実態 ,aging ,漁業 ,public transportation ,限界集落 ,life actual situation ,農業 ,marginal village ,fishery ,公共交通 ,agriculture ,高齢化 - Abstract
This paper is the outcome of a survey about the everyday life situation for residents in depopulating communities located in the northern part of Suzu city in Ishikawa prefecture. The findings of the survey are summarized in the following points: 1. In comparison to surveys conducted in 1989 and 1999, the increased number of elderly people and the effect of depopulation has led to the creation of so-called `marginal villages` (or communities). A higher number of elderly single-person households have also resulted in a greater demand and necessity for caretaking and assistance. On the other hand, the survey discovered a number of cases where elderly people benefitted from their children returning from urban centers to live with them. There were also cases where adult children benefitted from inheriting a family business. 2. In terms of the population of the surveyed areas, the advanced age of farmers and fishermen, and the reduction in the population size was evident in general. While the conversion to self-consumption centered agriculture is proceeding, the areas of abandoned farmland have increased due to a lack of manpower. In terms of the fishermen, smaller fishermen tend to go fishing to collect shellfish and seaweed. In some cases, fishing catches are processed into dried fish. As such, the use of satoyama/satoumi for subsistence purposes as well as profits from the sale of related products has been a necessary condition for the maintenance of community life in this area. 3. In terms of local communities, the survey recognized the importance, and pluralistic role, of neighborhood associations and a variety of other organizations that are present throughout the community. These groups` activities are carried out by a certain number of people in each community. The leaders of the neighborhood associations in particular have become key persons in understanding and appreciating the various activities and needs within their communities.4. It was also found that access to essential facilities and resources outside the community is problematic. Prominent examples include securing transportation for shopping and for going to hospital. A reliance on private cars has increased since previous surveys. This suggests that the need for public transport is very significant, due to the fact that elderly people find it difficult to drive.
- Published
- 2013
24. Policy change for democratic control in public works in the U.S. (1) : a new direction for transportation through istea
- Subjects
高速道路信託基金 ,Public Transportation ,政策転換 ,Highway Trust fund ,Central・local relations ,318.7 ,公共交通 ,中央・地方関係 ,685.7 ,Policy Change ,681.8 - Published
- 2013
25. Evaluating Compactness of Transit-oriented District : Case Study on Fukuoka City based on Density Evaluation lndicators
- Subjects
Compact City ,公共交通 ,人口減少社会 ,Mixture ,土地利用 ,Depopulation society ,混合 ,Public transportation ,コンパクトシティ ,Land-use - Abstract
Whilst the compact cityis one of the key issues in the city planning of depopulation society in Japan, the visionary plan and goal of making the neighborhood compact are still indefinite. The study aims to establish the method and indicators for evaluating the compactness of railway-station-centered district, which have the potentiality to be developed as transit-oriented neighborhoods. First, the study establishes a set of the indicators evaluating the compactness of district based on the review of the theorems on urban density. Secondary, through it applies the constructed evaluation method with the indicators to Fukuoka City as case study, and clarify the advantages of the constructed method.
- Published
- 2010
26. French Urban Planning and Sustainable Development
- Author
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Marchand, Bernard, Nishida, Nahoko, and Hagai, Masami
- Subjects
地域計画の一貫性 ,Air pollution ,Social housing ,Public transportation ,都市計画 ,大気汚染 ,Bicycle ,自転車 ,公共交通 ,Urban planning ,持続可能な発展 ,Sustainable development ,社会住宅 ,Regional planning coherence - Abstract
持続可能な発展というヴィジョンは、社会的公正、経済的発展および環境保護という3つの基本的な目標を束ねたものである。フランスの都市計画においては、過去30年の一連の法律が、こうした持続可能な発展にかかわる目標に取り組んできている。もっとも重要なのは、2000年のSRU法(都市連帯再生法)である。この法律は、大都市における公共交通や自転車が果たす役割を拡大しようとするものである。またそれは、大気汚染と闘い、廉価な社会住宅の建設に20%の最低基準を課し、さらに多くの地域計画の一貫性を確保するために包括的な枠組み(SCOT:広域統合スキーム)を創設した。しかしながら主要な問題は、国家(中央政府)と大都市圏とのあいだで、依然、利害の衝突があることである。すなわち、一方で、国家が国富のほぼ半分を租税というかたちで徴収し、遠隔の生産性の低い農村地域にその大部分を移譲し、他方で、国富のほとんどを生産している大都市圏では、その地域が必要とする都市施設整備のための財源が不足しているということである。, Sustainable development combines three basic goals social justice, economic development and environmental protection. A series of laws has tried and introduced sustainable goals in French urban planning since 30 years. The most important, by far, is the SRU Law (2000). It tries and increases the role of public transportation and of the bicycle in big cities. It fights air pollution, imposes a 20% threshold of cheap Social Housing and creates a global Scheme (SCOT) in order to insure the coherence of the many local plans. The main problem, however, remains the conflicts of interest between the national State, on one side, which perceives, through taxes, almost half of the national wealth and transfers a large portion of it to remote rural regions with low productivity and, on the other side, the big urban agglomerations, which produce most of the national wealth but lack resources for their necessary equipments.
- Published
- 2008
27. Re-valuation Study of Trams (Light Rail Transit) : By Viewpoints of Environmental and Barrier Free at Cities in Japan
- Author
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Kiichi, Obata, 研究ノート, and Study Note
- Subjects
Public Transportation ,Aging Society ,路面電車(LRT) ,公共交通 ,Tram( Light Rail Transit) ,地球温暖化 ,Barrier Free ,Global Warming ,Urban Renewal ,高齢化社会 ,バリアフリー - Abstract
現在、日本の交通は多くの自動車に支えられている。産業と個人生活でも、大都市また地方においても自動車は社会の必需品となっている。自動車に過度に依存した結果、都市においては自動車による渋滞、それによって排出される排気ガスなどによる環境汚染が深刻な社会問題となってきた。自動車による大量の排気ガスにより生じる都市の大気汚染と地球温暖化が急速に進行し、異常気象を起こす要因とされている、このような状況により水害など自然災害の大規模化、干ばつなど地球の環境破壊などの危機が危惧されている。 一方、日本においては高齢社会への移行に伴い、バリアフリー化社会の実現が叫ばれ、交通などにおいてバリアフリー化が進み始めた。このような環境・バリアフリー両面から路面電車(LRT)が公共交通として再注目される。本論文では公共交通における路面電車の現状と課題を考察し、環境・バリアフリー・都市再生という視点から再評価する。, In motorization society, many motor cars are making the traffic jam and the air pollution by the exhaust gas. It will be caused much global warning issues in our life. The tram (Light rail transit) will be replaceable as public transportation with many motor cars for aging society and anti-pollution society. It is must not give bad influence to environment and aged and disabled people can be active is expected. In this paper, study of re-valuation of Tram as public transportation for more adoptable aging people and anti-pollution in Japan.
- Published
- 2008
28. Can the introduction of LRT to Hamamatsu have a good effect on the downtown?: based on the questionnaire to the inhabitants
- Subjects
新型路面電車 ,LRT ,downtown ,公共交通 ,アンケート調査 ,questionnaire ,中心市街地 ,public transportation - Published
- 2007
29. An Optimal Planning for an Urban Public Transportation Network : An Estimation of Traffic Flow in Hamamatsu
- Subjects
traffic flow ,bus route ,公共交通 ,network ,バス路線 ,public transportation ,transportation network ,最適化 ,ネットワーク ,optimization - Published
- 2004
30. Analysis of Commuter Transportation in the Seoul Metropolitan Area
- Author
-
Kum, Ki-jung, Yamanaka, Hitoshi, and Akiyama, Tetsuo
- Subjects
Public Transportation ,交通手段選択 ,Disaggregated Behvioral Models ,Seoul city ,公共交通 ,通勤者 ,Commuter ,非集計行動モデル ,Transportation Choice ,ソウル市 - Abstract
本研究の目的は,通勤交通の問題が極めて深刻なソウル市を対象とし,通勤交通についてその現状を把握し問題点を明らかにすることである。さらに,個人をベースとした非集計行動モデルを適用した通勤交通の利用手段選択の分析を行なったものである。本研究では,ソウル市都市部より半径約10km地点に位置している4つの住宅地(地下鉄が整備されバス等複数の手段選択肢を包含している地域)と市内中心部の5ヶ所の地区の通勤者を調査対象とした。このデータをもとにして以下の解析を行なった。第一に,現在の通勤利用交通手段の特性に関する集計分析,および交通手段選択の要因分析を行なった。第二に,公共交通手段に関する意識構造を把握し,そして通勤者の個人を分析対象とした非集計行動モデル(Disaggregated Behvioral Models) を用いた通勤者の利用交通手段選択について分析を行なった。, The Seoul metropolitan area is faced with a very serious gravitation of population to the city,causing an “urban sprawl” not unlike that of Tokyo. Projects to improve the situation in the metropolitan area are apparently behind schedule,especially in the field of public transportation and road construction,aggravating the fate of those commuting from the suburbs to the center of Seoul. Urgent measures are required. Our research focuses on commuter transportation in the Seoul metropolitan area. We try to clarify how commuters choose their means of transportation from among ordinary public buses,seated buses (with fewer stops and no standing passengers),village buses,(with a kind of shuttle micro bus to Bus stop or Subway station) the subway and private automobiles,and identify trends concerning the preferred transportation means of the future. 1. Survey method: questionnaire 2. Survey areas: (1) four residential districts with multiple means of transportation,all about 10 km from the center of Seoul (2) the center of Seoul itself 3. Main analyses: (1) analysis of the characteristics of current means of transportation used by commuters and of the important factors in their choice of transpoutation (modal choice) (2) grasping the commuters' consciousness concerning public means of transportation and analyzing their choice of transportation using disaggregated behavioral models (based on analysis of individual commuter behavior). 4. Findings: (1) Most of the respondents turned out to be strongly in favor of bus transportation,which is punctual and fast. (2) The main reason for wanting to change transportation to work has little or no relation to possession of a driver's license. The desire to change is mostly affected by age (the younger are more liable to change) and the need for greater punctuality,but most people commuting by car do not want to change to other means of transportation. (3) Reproduction of modal choice with the disaggregated logistic model shows: a) the choice between bus and subway is greatly affected by the difference in fares and commuting time and b) the choice between public transportation and private cars depends very much on distribution of cars and possession of driver's licenses,but less on cost or time for commuting.
- Published
- 1991
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