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Copyright of Journal of Planning Education & Research is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To improve the bus transfer efficiency and optimize the bus system, the bus transfer network was constructed based on GIS software, and the network was used to measure and analyze the transfer accessibility. Combined with Space-P model and network analysis method, the same-station transfer sub-network was constructed based on the basic information of bus route paths, stations and intersections in Chengguan District of Lhasa City. Combined with the information of bus station service scope, pedestrian. path and intersection, the different-station interchange sub-network was constructed. The two sub-networks were collaborated to realize the construction of bus transfer network based on ArcGIS, and the passenger on-board time and the transfer coefficient of bus routes were measured and analyzed based on the constructed transfer network. The results show that the constructed network can measure the passenger on-board time well, and the maximum value of passenger on-board time is 68.68 min with the minimum value of 2.00 min and the average value of passenger transfer on-board time of 29.90 min. This network can well measure the interchange coefficients to obtain 90 300 effective interchange routes with the maximum interchange coefficient of 4 (62 routes) and the minimum value of 0 (1354 routes). Using the accessibility metric model, the good measurement and analysis of bus stop time accessibility and transfer accessibility can be realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies have documented the linkage between public transportation and economic outcomes, though there is relatively little empirical evidence on the consequences of losing existing transit services, especially bus services, which disproportionately serve low-income populations. We investigate the impacts of bus access on poverty and employment using a natural experiment in Clayton County, GA, where the local bus transit was terminated between 2010 and 2015. Using a difference-in-difference approach, we find substantial increases in poverty and unemployment rates in affected neighbourhoods during the five-year period. Our findings suggest both the spatial mismatch hypothesis, which predicts the reduction in transit access can lead to reductions in job accessibility and employment, and the residential sorting hypothesis, which states that poor households gravitate towards neighbourhoods with better transit access, could be at play. Overall, we find strong evidence that disruptions in bus transit could have significant adverse impacts on neighbourhood economic outcomes. Our findings underscore the need for federal and local public transportation funding to help improve job access, alleviate poverty, and maintain neighbourhood stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition) is the property of South China University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Operations Research Transactions / Yunchouxue Xuebao is the property of Editorial office of Operations Research Transactions and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition) is the property of South China University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The travel efficiency of public transportation is a key indicator for judging whether the quality of public transportation has developed compared with other modes of transportation, especially private vehicles. The quality of public transportation is also an important reference factor for residents' choices. With the rapid urban expansion and improvement in motorized travel levels, reducing the time difference between private vehicles and public transportation is the key to improving the attractiveness of public transportation. The relative spatiotemporal efficiency is based on the time difference between private vehicles and public transportation, considering the number of passengers. Recently, scholars have shown great interest in relative travel efficiency. However, relevant studies have shown poor real-time performance because of the unavailability of large datasets, which cannot dynamically reflect the characteristics of relative travel efficiency. The spread of big data and internet maps enables us to perform systematic efficiency evaluations. The internet map incorporates various travel-related information such as travel route, time, and cost under different travel modes based on real-time road conditions and provides access to the extracted embedded travel information. This study proposes a framework for evaluating the spatiotemporal efficiency of different travel modes based on real-time road conditions in Shenzhen. First, travel time data were obtained using an internet map during the morning, afternoon, and evening rush hours. The passenger flow volume was computed using smart card data. We then constructed an evaluation index model of spatiotemporal efficiency based on the relative time efficiency and weighted passenger flow volume. Finally, the results highlighted the following: 1) the relative time efficiency of public transportation was higher during the evening rush hours than in the morning. The main reason was the increase in private vehicle travel time during the evening rush hours, reflecting the complexity of urban road conditions during the evening; 2) the spatiotemporal efficiency index of central public transport stations fluctuated greatly during the three periods, which was closely related to the dynamics of traffic volume caused by the high concentration of workplaces; 3) the spatiotemporal efficiency index of public transportation stations exhibited spatial aggregation characteristics in the three periods, highlighting the different clustering characteristics in the central and outer areas; 4) the spatiotemporal efficiency index of subway stations was generally higher than that of bus stations, reflecting the importance of subway systems in urban transportation networks. Evaluating the relative travel efficiency of urban public transport contributes to analyzing the development status of public transportation, supporting decisions to achieve high-quality development of public transport, and providing travel information for the government and residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition) is the property of South China University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Credibly identifying how the built environment shapes behaviour is empirically challenging, because people select residential locations based on differing constraints and preferences for site amenities. Our study overcomes these research barriers by leveraging San Francisco's affordable housing lotteries, which randomly allow specific households to move to specific residences. Using administrative data, we demonstrate that lottery-winning households' baseline preferences are uncorrelated with their allotted residential features such as public transportation accessibility, parking availability and bicycle infrastructure – meaning that neighbourhood attributes and a building's parking supply are effectively assigned at random. Surveying the households, we find that these attributes significantly affect transportation mode choices. Most notably, we show that essentially random variation in on-site parking availability greatly changes households' car ownership decisions and driving frequency, with substitution away from public transport. In contrast, we find that parking availability does not affect employment or job mobility. Overall, the evidence from our study robustly supports that local features of the built environment are important determinants of transportation behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores seven segregation cases involving African-American women and public transportation that played out in the city courts of St. Louis between 1865 and 1871. Situating the cases within a theoretical framework of mobility, the article explores the spatial characteristics of African-American working-class women's lives and the extent to which streetcars became staging grounds for larger civil rights battles. While previous accounts of streetcar activism have often positioned cases as isolated incidents undertaken by elite African-American women, the cases in St. Louis attest to the rise of civil rights activism among working-class African-American women. The discussion further shows how they contributed to the nature and form of oppositional politics in St. Louis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reduce the deadheading time and realize the equality of working time among crews in transit vehicle scheduling, this paper proposed a super time-space network based transit vehicle scheduling model and designed a modified harmony search algorithm for solving it. Firstly, this paper transformed the depot, trip, connector, pulling out arc, pulling in arc and deadheading trip into the nodes and arcs of a super time-space network. Secondly, this paper formulated a corresponding model of transit vehicle scheduling based on the constructed time-space network. Thirdly, this paper designed a mixed creation operator that made use of the information from harmony memory and the field of feasible solution. Fourthly, by searching the connectors in a circle, this paper built up an assignment network with local network elements and then realized the refinement of pitch by solving the above assignment problem. At last, based on the above operators, this paper presented a modified harmony search algorithm for the scheduling model. This research discovers the following: reducing deadheading trips and realizing the equality of working time are a pair of conflicted objectives, and optimizing them at same time needs a trade-off in view of the real life requirement. The size of deviation among trip chains has no monotonic dependent relation with the fleet size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tunnel Construction / Suidao Jianshe (Zhong-Yingwen Ban) is the property of Tunnel Construction Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition) is the property of South China University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite the importance of social cues in service experience environments, little is known about the role of other customer perceptions (OCP) in the formation of passengers' travel experience (PTE) and loyalty in public transportation. This study examines the impact of OCP on PTE and loyalty in public transportation and also investigates the moderating role of face-consciousness between OCP and PTE. Results revealed that all three dimensions of OCP have a positive effect on PTE, which consequently influences loyalty. More importantly, face-consciousness moderated the relationship between suitable behavior and PTE. Transport managers can benefit from these findings by considering the social environment as they design their services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to address two questions that are pertinent to the issue of transportation and urban spatial structure. First, we investigate whether the improvement of the subway system affects the spatial structure in the Seoul metropolitan area. Second, if so, we examine whether it contributes to the suburbanisation of population and employment or spatial concentration around the urban centre. To do so, we focus on the improvement of the subway system in Seoul metropolitan areas between 2000 and 2010 with micro population and employment data. Because of the interrelationship between population, employment and transportation, we control for the interplay between population, employment and subway network by using a simultaneous equation model. Our results provide several interesting findings. First, the improvement of the subway system plays an important role in changes in urban spatial structure. Second, the improvement of the subway system significantly affects job growth in the urban centre and subcentres in the city of Seoul. Third, the interrelationship between population, employment and public transportation generates redistributive effects that are substantially associated with urban growth and decline, and determine urban spatial structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite its reputation as a car-oriented city, the Los Angeles metropolitan area has made substantial investments in developing rail transit since 1990. Most new stations were added to an already dense built environment, with auto-oriented zoning and established land use patterns. In this paper we ask whether redevelopment is occurring around Los Angeles rail stations, and whether zoning and related policies are facilitating or constraining transit-oriented development. We conduct case studies of five stations, documenting zoning near stations, as well as the amount and type of new development after stations opened. Results illustrate that incompatible zoning and related land use policies may constrain growth near stations, but TOD-friendly zoning alone is not sufficient to spur development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the service level of the urban public transportation system from the perspective of passengers' perception, a structural equation with safety, convenience, and punctuality as the dominant variables, passenger expectations, passenger loyalty, and passenger satisfaction as hidden variables was established. Taking Nanjing No.2 Bus Line as the research object, the fit index of bus service perception model parameters was analyzed. The results showed that the IFI、CFI and TLI between safety, punctuality and passenger loyalty were less than 0.90, which were in an unacceptable range. After the deletion, the revised model of public transportation perceived service structural equation was obtained. Path coefficient showed that the most important three factors affecting passenger satisfaction were convenience, comfort and economy. The path coefficient reached 0.808, 0.789 and 0.654 respectively. Passengers expected buses to be able to achieve convenience, punctuality, and comfort. The path coefficients were 0.733, 0.703 and 0.612 respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a strategic choice for China to develop public transportation with priorities, based on the relative relation between available resources and the population to support in cities. Due to the special characteristics of public transit operations, it is an important means to safeguard the healthy development of the public transportation industry and enhance the overall social welfare, through regulating transit operators and subsidizing transit users. This paper intends to explore how the government should combine two means of interventions -- regulation and subsidization -- to maximize social welfare in a monopolistic market. A mathematical programming model is proposed for public transit regulation and subsidization, after which the model's structure is simplified. Key analytical relations about fare, headway, and vehicle capacity are identified, which are supported numerically and theoretically. It is shown that it is welfareimproving to subsidize transit users only when the cost of subsidy is below a threshold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology. Social Sciences Edition / Haerbin Gongye Daxue Xuebao. Shehui Kexue Ban is the property of Harbin Institute of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Wuhan University Journal. Humanity Sciences / Wuhan Daxue Xuebao. Renwen Kexue Ban is the property of Wuhan University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)