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Osteoporosis, characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to enlarged bone fragility and a consequent increase in fracture risk is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly people. The mortality rate in elderly persons with hip fracture approaches 20%. Half of them will be disabled in the remained life. Iranian Multicenter Osteoporosis Study (IMOS) developed by Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (EMRC-TUMS) and Ministry of Health and Medical Education in 2000. The aim of this study with more than 6000 participitants, was to determine normal range of BMD in Iranian population and assessing the current calcium and vitamin D status in Iran. The results were used for determining the normrmogram of BMD in Iranians and prevalence of Vit-D deficinecy among them. This document outlines all aspects of osteoporosis including risk factors, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of osteoporosis.

Little is known about relation of transplantation and bone. We conducted a study to find out the frequency and predictors of osteoporosis in kidney transplanted patients in Iran. DEXA (DPX-MD, GE, Lunar corporation, USA) used for BMD of 61 kidney transplanted patients. Calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, BUN, creatinine and PTH, were also measured. Fourty four percent of patients were men (27). Mean±SD of age of men and women was 44.3±10.44 and 40/7± 13.77, respectively. Mean±SD of transplant duration was 33.9± 33. 2 months Mean±SD of dialysis time was 12±14 months. 29.5% of patients had osteoporosis. Osteoporosis was significantly higher in subjects with BMI less than 19 kg/m2 (P= 0.007). Alkaline phosphatase had a negative relation with osteoporosis in neck (P= 0.001). Other parameters had no significant relationship with osteoporosis. High prevalence of osteoporosis found in Iranian kidney graft recipients. Screening and therapeutic intervention in these patients is urgently needed.

Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS) is a noninvasive, inexpensive and portable method for bone densitometry. It may measure some other parameters in addition to BMD, like elasticity and micro architecture. This study designed to determine the relation between reproductive factors and calcaneus QUS parameters in normal women of Tehran. BMD of heel in 151 normal women, 20-72Y/O (participator of Iranian Multi center Osteoporosis Study) was assessed using Achilles+ (GE, Lunar Corporation, USA). After assessment of normal values, Stiffness Index percentiles acquired. With consideration of correlation between variables, multiple regression analysis was used. Mean±SD values of Speed of Sound (SOS), Broad Band Ultrasound Attenuation (BUA) and Stiffness Index (SI), was 36/751527/25, 121/4215/1, 94/4617/92, respectively. Parameters decreased with age (P

DXL of calcaneus is a portable method for BMD. This study determined a cut off point for DXL in osteoporosis diagnosis. In 510 healthy postmenopausal women, BMD of axial regions with DXA (DPX-MD, GE,Lunar Corp, Madison, WI) and heel with DXL (Demeteck- Sweden), measured. The agreement of two methods and cut off point for DXL in defining osteoporosis, obtained. DXA found osteoporosis in 34.3% and in DXL in 26.1% of cases. Agreement (Kappa) was 0.407 for spine and 0.347 for femur. T-score = -1.8 for spine and T-score = -2.2 for femur were the cut off points of DXL in diagnosis of osteoporosis (sensitivity=84% specificity=60%) and (sensitivity=84% and specificity=70%), respectively. Area under curve for regions were 0.807 (P=0.000) and 0.859 (P=0.000), respectively. These results mean DXL can not be used as a replacement for DXA, but it may can be used as a screening method for osteoporosis.

This study planned for finding the agreement DXA and quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of phalanx in osteoporosis diagnosis and cut off point of QUS for osteoporosis diagnosis in postmenopausal women. In 180 postmenopausal women, BMD of axial regions with DXA (DPX-MD, GE, Lunar, USA) and phalanx with QUS (DBM-Sonic 1200) measured. Agreement of methods and cut off for QUS in defining osteoporosis obtained. Prevalence of osteoporosis with DXA was 28.8% (18.3% in L2-L4 and 3.9%-7.8% in femoral regions) and in 28.9% with QUS. Agreement of them (Kappa score) was 0.317 for spine and 0.036-0.068 for femoral regions. T-score= -2.0 was the cut off of QUS in spinal osteoporosis diagnosis (sensitivity=78.8% and specificity= 55.9%). We could not find cutoff point for osteoporosis in femoral regions. This means that QUS of phalanx is not a good replacement for DXA, but it can be used as a screening method for osteoporosis.

Little is known about relation of transplantation and bone. We conducted a study to find out the frequency and predictors of osteoporosis in kidney transplanted patients in Iran. DEXA (DPX-MD, GE, Lunar corporation, USA) used for BMD of 61 kidney transplanted patients. Calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, BUN, creatinine and PTH, were also measured. Fourty four percent of patients were men (27). Mean±SD of age of men and women was 44.3±10.44 and 40/7± 13.77, respectively. Mean±SD of transplant duration was 33.9± 33. 2 months Mean±SD of dialysis time was 12±14 months. 29.5% of patients had osteoporosis. Osteoporosis was significantly higher in subjects with BMI less than 19 kg/m2 (P= 0.007). Alkaline phosphatase had a negative relation with osteoporosis in neck (P= 0.001). Other parameters had no significant relationship with osteoporosis. High prevalence of osteoporosis found in Iranian kidney graft recipients. Screening and therapeutic intervention in these patients is urgently needed.

Osteoporosis, characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to enlarged bone fragility and a consequent increase in fracture risk is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly people. The mortality rate in elderly persons with hip fracture approaches 20%. Half of them will be disabled in the remained life. Iranian Multicenter Osteoporosis Study (IMOS) developed by Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (EMRC-TUMS) and Ministry of Health and Medical Education in 2000. The aim of this study with more than 6000 participitants, was to determine normal range of BMD in Iranian population and assessing the current calcium and vitamin D status in Iran. The results were used for determining the normrmogram of BMD in Iranians and prevalence of Vit-D deficinecy among them. This document outlines all aspects of osteoporosis including risk factors, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of osteoporosis.

This study planned for finding the agreement DXA and quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of phalanx in osteoporosis diagnosis and cut off point of QUS for osteoporosis diagnosis in postmenopausal women. In 180 postmenopausal women, BMD of axial regions with DXA (DPX-MD, GE, Lunar, USA) and phalanx with QUS (DBM-Sonic 1200) measured. Agreement of methods and cut off for QUS in defining osteoporosis obtained. Prevalence of osteoporosis with DXA was 28.8% (18.3% in L2-L4 and 3.9%-7.8% in femoral regions) and in 28.9% with QUS. Agreement of them (Kappa score) was 0.317 for spine and 0.036-0.068 for femoral regions. T-score= -2.0 was the cut off of QUS in spinal osteoporosis diagnosis (sensitivity=78.8% and specificity= 55.9%). We could not find cutoff point for osteoporosis in femoral regions. This means that QUS of phalanx is not a good replacement for DXA, but it can be used as a screening method for osteoporosis.

DXL of calcaneus is a portable method for BMD. This study determined a cut off point for DXL in osteoporosis diagnosis. In 510 healthy postmenopausal women, BMD of axial regions with DXA (DPX-MD, GE,Lunar Corp, Madison, WI) and heel with DXL (Demeteck- Sweden), measured. The agreement of two methods and cut off point for DXL in defining osteoporosis, obtained. DXA found osteoporosis in 34.3% and in DXL in 26.1% of cases. Agreement (Kappa) was 0.407 for spine and 0.347 for femur. T-score = -1.8 for spine and T-score = -2.2 for femur were the cut off points of DXL in diagnosis of osteoporosis (sensitivity=84% specificity=60%) and (sensitivity=84% and specificity=70%), respectively. Area under curve for regions were 0.807 (P=0.000) and 0.859 (P=0.000), respectively. These results mean DXL can not be used as a replacement for DXA, but it may can be used as a screening method for osteoporosis.

Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS) is a noninvasive, inexpensive and portable method for bone densitometry. It may measure some other parameters in addition to BMD, like elasticity and micro architecture. This study designed to determine the relation between reproductive factors and calcaneus QUS parameters in normal women of Tehran. BMD of heel in 151 normal women, 20-72Y/O (participator of Iranian Multi center Osteoporosis Study) was assessed using Achilles+ (GE, Lunar Corporation, USA). After assessment of normal values, Stiffness Index percentiles acquired. With consideration of correlation between variables, multiple regression analysis was used. Mean±SD values of Speed of Sound (SOS), Broad Band Ultrasound Attenuation (BUA) and Stiffness Index (SI), was 36/751527/25, 121/4215/1, 94/4617/92, respectively. Parameters decreased with age (P