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As of the introduction of anesthesia on the Island, on March 11, 1847 there was a progressive advance in the development of surgery. In Cienfuegos it would be a milestone when the surgeon Alfredo Méndez introduced it between 1901 and 1902; and its use has increased at present. The main actions that have been developed by the Anesthesiology and Resuscitation specialty in the general hospitals in Cienfuegos were described. The book of the Clinical Anesthesiology, in its first and second editions, was revised. Interviews were conducted with protagonists who were part of the development of the specialty in Cienfuegos. The main facts that were developing the specialty of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation in the province were found since the beginning of the 20th century with the application of chloroform and ether by Alfredo Méndez surgeon and how it continues its development with doctors dedicated to anesthesia in the beginning of the second half of the 1950s; the development in the Civil Hospital and private clinics, until the triumph of the Revolution and until nowadays in the XXI century. Anesthesia in Cienfuegos was introduced at the beginning of the 20th century, having a constant task in the development of this discipline, as well as the integration of the specialty to the Anesthesiology Resuscitation and Pain Cuban Society, being its provincial group and chapter.

Years have passed since the Spanish presence in Jagua marked the beginning of the settlement of a peninsula with a past that is unknown to many. This territory, due to its potential, became a developed city, known today as the Pearl of Cuba. The present work aims to investigate the evolution and state of this population, pointing out the particularities of its sociodemographic indicators, using data from 2019. For this, the year 1819 is selected as the base period, the stage in which the Fernandina de Jagua, defining, in a concrete way, the main events that marked an evolution in the region, as well as the political-administrative changes that occurred in the country that favored the creation of Cienfuegos as a province in 1976. The analysis developed allowed us to know how the Cumanayagua municipality is the least urbanized in the province and the region ―in general ― presents an accelerated aging process; in relation to fertility ―like the country―, the province does not meet the desired parameters; regarding the Total Migratory Balance, it presents negative values, which corroborates the condition of a population-emitting territory. Therefore, the article aims to serve as support for administrative bodies and decision-making entities in the application of governance and public policies, by knowing the state of the population. / RESUMEN Han transcurrido años desde que la presencia española en Jagua marcara el comienzo del poblamiento de una península con un pasado que se torna desconocido para muchos. Dicho territorio, debido a sus potencialidades, llegó a convertirse en una urbe desarrollada, conocida hoy como la Perla de Cuba. El presente trabajo se propone indagar en la evolución y estado de dicha población, señalando las particularidades de sus indicadores sociodemográficos, utilizando datos del año 2019. Para ello, se selecciona como periodo base el año 1819, etapa en que fue creada la colonia Fernandina de Jagua, definiendo, de forma concreta, los principales acontecimientos que marcaron una evolución en la región, así como los cambios político-administrativos acaecidos en el país que favorecieron la creación de Cienfuegos como provincia en el año 1976. El análisis desarrollado permitió conocer como el municipio Cumanayagua resulta el menos urbanizado de la provincia y la región ―en general―presenta un acelerado proceso de envejecimiento; en relación a la fecundidad ―al igual que el país―, la provincia no cumple con los parámetros deseados; respecto al Saldo Migratorio Total, presenta valores negativos, lo que corrobora la condición de territorio emisor de población. Por lo tanto, el artículo tiene como objetivo servir de apoyo para los órganos administrativos y entes tomadores de decisiones en la aplicación de la gobernabilidad y políticas públicas, al conocer el estado de la población.

El presente artículo versa sobre poblamiento en la provincia de Cienfuegos, Cuba; que entretejiendo el vínculo constante con el crecimiento de su población y procesos socioespaciales actuantes, construye un perfil de cambios geográficos y temporales como parte de la conformación de este territorio. Desde la pluralidad metodológica se emplean métodos y técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas que permiten caracterizar a la distribución geográfica de la población y sus cambios en el tiempo, que determinados por factores geográficos como la presencia de la bahía, las plantaciones cañeras y la producción industrial de azúcar, distingue un poblamiento inicial expansivo y creciente desde una base económica agroazucarera y que se reacomoda desde dos procesos opuestos en el siglo XX: acelerado crecimiento en asentamientos urbanos y de mayor tamaño, versus agudo despoblamiento rural como tendencias geográficas que se refuerzan hacia el siglo XXI y que son dominantes en la actualidad. De esta forma, el presente artículo brinda elementos claves para el posterior trazado de políticas territoriales, que orientadas a la corrección de las deformaciones y dificultades heredadas de un desarrollo provincial desproporcionado, aseguren la continuidad en la elevación del nivel y del modo de vida a través de una organización espacial más articulada y armónica de acuerdo a la distribución geográfica que presenta la población, sus actividades y la utilización de recursos en su territorio.

Doctor Alfredo Méndez Aguirre was an outstanding medical and social personality in Cienfuegos during the first third of the xx century. The most significant aspects about his life and studies of Medicine are highlighted, as well as the postgraduate courses that he received later in France. Analyzed through different scenarios where he acted as an eminent surgeon, we refer to his contribution to the spreading of abdominal, prostatic and gynecological surgery in Cienfuegos, besides other innovations of high importance for the Cuban Medicine at that time. It is described his brilliant performance as director of the Hospital Civil and the Sanatorio Purísima Concepción de la Colonia Española, enhancing all the transformations, improvements, amplifications and openings of new services carried out in both centers under his guidance and supervision. all the recognitions received for different institutions and people in general were mentioned too, for his fruitful work and, particularly, for their performance during the epidemic of Influenza of 1918, that deserved him the title of exemplary citizen.

Brief biographical data are exposed about the nurse Victoria Brú Sánchez, such as her birth, childhood and adolescent years. Some factors are mentioned that influenced in their vocational orientation toward the Infirmary, such as her family antecedents and personal experiences when witnessing other epidemics that whipped our population in those years. We refer too her life as student of the School of Nurses in the Hospital Nuestra Señora de las Mercedes de La Habana. It is mentioned as well all the places where she worked after graduation and the different positions that she occupied during its brief, but brilliant, professional life. The most characteristic features in her personality and her self-denying and heroic behavior, are analyzed, principally during the epidemic of Influenza that affected Cienfuegos in the year 1918, moment in which she lost the life trying to help other people.