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Outcries about the decline of civic institutions have initiated a return to civism, with partnerships forming between business, civic, and political leaders to work on civic problems, and a trend toward less government and more governance. This calls for civic education as a lifelong process, not just within the baccalaureate curriculum. (Author/MSE)

This article examines the bridging role non-governmental organizations (NGOs) can play between a divided public administration in a conflict-ridden country. Based on interviews with various stakeholders in Yemen, we argue that NGO might need to mediate between conflicting authorities to effectively carry out their activities. By doing so, they serve as a bridge that could help maintain relations between the two fragmented administrations and possibly facilitate the process of post-conflict state building. While not all NGOs are capable or required to fulfill this role, we identify four enabling factors: (1) the readiness of stakeholders to engage; (2) public support for the NGO; and (3) NGOs' adequate capacity; and (4) the donor's support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is given to the Public Administration the possibility to interfere in Economics through direct ways and also indirectly, being public support one of the possible ways of intervention. Public support can be developed through many different ways, such as tax incentives, public funding and subventions for example. When it comes to Photovoltaic Solar Energy, it is noticeable a great interest in supporting its implementation by private initiative and in such context there are some public policies that stand out. In this context, the present study aims to describe Law number 14.300/2022, as distributed microgeneration and minigeration's legal framework, in order to verify its potential innovation measures in terms of public support when it comes to photovoltaic solar energy and also its possible modifications towards public support measures that already exist. For these purposes, the method used will be the deductive, with qualitative approach, through bibliography and documental research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the directions of change in the area of control of the collection and distribution of public funds, in the context of the possibility of using new technologies, with a view to compliance with the legal standards of a democratic law-governed state and the challenges facing law-makers in properly legislating the use of AI. Issues related to the risks and threats posed by the implementation of new technologies in the public sector regarding technical (e.g. algorithmic bias) and legal (e.g. inadequate regulation of the possibility of using technology by a public administration) aspects are raised, bearing in mind that incorrect regulation of these issues is not without impact on trust in the state and ensuring the protection of democratic values. Analysing the issues related to the implementation of technological solutions to control public finances, it also indicates new areas for control in the public sector, for example the control of algorithm-based applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how public support affects interest groups' advocacy success across three distinct stages in the legislative process. We hypothesize that public support is vital for advocacy success when coalition agreements are negotiated, and it has a weaker effect when legislation is introduced in parliament by the governing majority but becomes stronger again when legislation is adopted. We assess these expectations for 55 Belgian policy issues. We combine evidence on legislative outcomes with public opinion data and a mapping of interest groups' positions in the news. The results indicate that public support is key for advocacy success in the coalition agreement. However, the positive effect of public support weakens when legislation is introduced in parliament – the effect only materializes for initiatives by the opposition – and public support has no significant effect on advocacy success in adopted legislation. Instead, aligning with other groups and political parties becomes more consequential for advocacy success in later legislative stages. Still, on average, interest groups attaining their preferences in adopted legislation enjoy considerable public support. Our results thus underscore the relevance of distinguishing between legislative stages when analyzing interest groups' advocacy success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Research Papers of the Wroclaw University of Economics / Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroclawiu is the property of Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study covers topical issues of the modern state formation in Ukraine. The study was aimed at investigating the interrelations between individuals and subjects of public administration in the context of modernisation of Ukrainian society and the state. The purpose of this study was to identify the possibilities of introducing civilised aspects of relations between subjects of state power and civil society into management activities, which has been successfully implemented in management practice in countries bordering Ukraine: Poland, Romania, Hungary, the Baltic states, etc. The paper employed the following methods: analytical substantiation of the problems under study; focus group; expert survey; research-to-practice developments in the problems of relations between public councils and subjects of public administration, etc. Having studied the theoretical and practical components, the authors concluded that the public council as a temporary consultative and advisory body, formed under the executive authority to promote public participation in the development and implementation of national policy, is an integral component of a democratic society, which would help in bridging the gap formed over a long time between the government and the population, the state and civil society, restore confidence in the authorities, form transparency and efficiency. The practical aspect of this problem can serve as a certain example for other countries, especially for the former republics of the USSR: Moldova, Belarus, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: For several years, the trend of open science and citizen science as one of its pillars has been developing rapidly in Poland. More and more research projects involving volunteer non-scientists are being carried out as part of citizen science. To know the scientific, educational and social value of these activities requires relying on the evaluation of these projects, which, however, is missing due to their novelty and difference from conventional science or commercial research. The purpose of this article is to propose evaluation criteria and methods that will meet the specifics and needs of citizen science projects. Design/methodology/approach: The article is based on a critical analysis of the literature on the subject, as well as a systematic review of selected examples of completed citizen science projects - available on dedicated websites created by citizen science associations and other social and scientific organizations. Citizen science, as part of open science, is a relatively new and developing approach to scientific and educational activities. Evaluation research, on the other hand, is a method well-established in theory and put into practice for valuing results and enhancing the quality of projects, both of scientific and social character. Findings: Citizen science projects require the implementation of evaluation models that take into account both the diversity of goals set for these projects, as well as the diversity and participatory nature of its stakeholders, and the study in terms of social impact. A higher level of involvement of volunteers in an ongoing citizen science project should presuppose the implementation of continuous evaluation and carried out in multiple areas of the project (organizational, scientific, social) to ensure the reliability and credibility of the results obtained, as well as to understand the mechanisms of their impact on volunteers and society. Practical implications: The knowledge provided in the article can be used in planning and managing the evaluation of citizen science projects. Social implications: Implementation of evaluation as a permanent practice in this type of projects can contribute to improving their quality, better management of public funds allocated to them, and greater public confidence in the knowledge produced within their framework. Originality/value: The issue of evaluation in citizen science projects is relatively new, and appropriate evaluation models have not yet been developed. It is of interest to researchers and project managers, decision makers of public funds, scientists and the general public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging technologies permeate and potentially disrupt a wide spectrum of our social, economic, and political relations. Various state institutions, including education, law enforcement, and healthcare, increasingly rely on technical components, such as automated decision-making systems, e-government systems, and other digital tools to provide cheap, efficient public services, and supposedly fair, transparent, disinterested, and accountable public administration. The increased interest in various blockchain-based solutions from central bank digital currencies, via tokenized educational credentials, and distributed ledger-based land registries to self-sovereign identities is the latest, still mostly unwritten chapter in a long history of standardized, objectified, automated, technocratic, and technologized public administration. The rapid, (often) unplanned, and uncontrolled technologization of public services (as happened in the hasty adoption of distance-learning and teleconferencing systems during Corona Virus Disease (COVID) lockdowns) raises complex questions about the use of novel technological components, which may or may not be ultimately adequate for the task for which they are used. The question whether we can trust the technical infrastructures the public sector uses when providing public services is a central concern in an age where trust in government is declining: If the government's artificial intelligence system that detects welfare fraud fails, the public's confidence in the government is ultimately hit. In this paper, we provide a critical assessment of how the use of potentially untrustworthy (private) technological systems including blockchain-based systems in the public sector may affect trust in government. We then propose several policy options to protect the trust in government even if some of their technological components prove fundamentally untrustworthy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses in an essay style the challenges currently facing many of our local communities and national governments, and society more generally, which are substantial and profoundly concerning. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has only added another layer of complexity. The author notes the increasing fragility of democratic institutions in many nations and the growing prevalence of autocratic leadership in countries that traditionally have been perceived as stable democracies. There are two critical issues discussed more in-depth. These are, first, a significant decline, especially in democratic nations, over the past several decades in government resources and capacity. This increasingly limits the ability of these countries to respond to the most critical needs of their societies. Second is the profoundly destabilizing, worldwide growth in inequality which frequently underlies the declining public confidence in democratic governments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the attempts at healthcare reform by the Truman administration alongside the liberal wing of the Democratic party in the 1940s. The proposals of both the White House and different groups of congressmen are laid out in detail. The main reasons for the failure of healthcare reform, as proposed by the author, are the lack of coordination among the Democrats supporting healthcare reform, Truman’s poor influence on Congress, and the role some key professional organizations play in weakening public support for the administration’s initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interest in blockchain technology has grown rapidly, day by day. This is simply because of the security and decentralization that it provides. Nevertheless, most government services around the world run on inefficient systems loaded with heavy bureaucracy. They lead to non-transparent systems and a loss of public confidence in government services. The present systematic review of the literature on this topic aims to highlight the characteristics of blockchain technology that demonstrate its uniqueness, together with the characteristics of the smart government services that are required for efficient service delivery. It was found that the dominant characteristics of blockchain technology that are expected to provide the highest value for customers are decentralization and the capacity to be shared and public, whereas the most desired characteristics for the efficient service delivery of smart government services are speed, trust and participation. The paper went on to examine how the use of blockchain technology in government services is impacting on their delivery to customers by using examples from all around the world and to conduct a SWOT analysis of the use of blockchain in the government sector. Its findings are expected to help governments to develop a blockchain strategy that helps smart government services to adopt blockchain successfully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate variability and extremes, socio-economic conditions, crisis and market shocks are among the main factors determining risk in the agricultural sector. Drought, heat stress, flood, market volatility among the others, have caused heavy losses in the recent past and both the occurrence and intensity of these extremes are expected to increase in the coming decades. Emerging and re-emerging diseases represent a serious concern for the future of agriculture. Here, we provide a synthetic overview of the theoretical framework that could lead public intervention in this specific field and discuss measures that have been taken to reduce economic losses for Italian farmers. We also tried to highlight the difference between risk and uncertainty that in a new global scenario will substantially characterize the reliability of empirical analyses in this complex research field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective programming of research and development (R&D) support, adjusted to the actual potential of beneficiaries, requires the use of modern analytical tools. An efficient R&D support system requires up-to-date data on technological trends, ongoing (and planning) research, market needs and developing innovation. The most popular programming methods were based on the analysis of data with a 4 to 5-year time delay until recently. Having described the method of refining information from unstructured data, we explore how to make it possible not only to solve the issue of up-to-date data but to identify of the latest trends in R&D activities. The analytical tools we describe were already fully functional in 2018 and are constantly being improved. The article presents the potential of one tool that can be applied in public support institutions. Methods of identifying and diagnosing technology trends are presented within the case study of the electric car technology trend. The presented case study shows the effectiveness of the method we developed for identifying and diagnosing areas requiring support from public funds. Public institutions, including public institutions supporting R&D and innovation processes, can apply tools that allow an increase in the quality of public support programmes offered, but also beneficial for the quality of strategic resources management within the institution itself. The comparison of the predictions made by the described tools with the classifications made by experts, the former are more accurate and precise. Moreover, the results of the analyses performed by the presented model are not influenced by distorting factors—fads, trends, political pressures, or processes with an unidentified, non-substantive background. It should be emphasized that the accuracy of the whole model is 0.84. The described tools and methods are already directly applicable in many areas related to the support of R&D activity worldwide. The article presents a solution that effectively enables the management of more precise programmes supporting innovative activities used for the first time in Poland. It is also one of the first uses of these methods by public administration in the world. Our approach not only strengthens improved adjustment of the support offered for R&D activity, but also makes it possible to apply and improve management methods in public institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Startup have become a very important factor in the global innovation process. Startup have ceased to be an aimless company with high uncertainty. The concept has taken a turn and today these types of firms are young companies founded to develop a unique product or service, bring it to market and make it irresistible and irreplaceable for customers and that are based on innovation, addressing the shortcomings of existing products or creating entirely new categories of goods and services, thereby disrupting ways of thinking and doing business rooted in entire sectors. That is why this paper presents an analysis of the global participation of startup and how in Mexico the Fintech sector has become the favorite of this type of companies. According to IDB (2020), startups are facing the new normal by implementing online activities, such as courses, webinars and support channels (66%). Much less frequent, however, are other actions of greater proximity to entrepreneurs, such as online accompaniment (18%), mentoring (5%) or the management of public support to alleviate the companies (3%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a greater understanding of the significance of moral leadership in governance and accountability and transparency in public service. The emergence of a consensus that competent public administration and good governance are the cornerstone of long-term growth supports such realisation. The effects of unethical and unlawful behaviour in the public sector are considered unsustainable for a country's development because they could erode public confidence in government institutions and the rule of law itself. Furthermore, the South African public has been increasingly outspoken and demanding of public sector officials, showing less tolerance for their shortcomings, shortfalls, and systematic issues. As a result, corporate social responsibility has become a demand due to growing stakeholder demands, the inability of government and civil society to address complex societal issues, as well as the realisation by most businesses that their long-term success depends on their capacity to address localised sustainable development challenges. According to the King Committee on Corporate Governance, a well-managed organisation will be conscious of social issues and respond to them, giving ethical standards a high priority. This paper explores the South African public sector's ethical responsibility with regard to society's interests, as demonstrated by accepting responsibility for the impact of its activities on key constituencies, such as customers, employees, shareholders, and communities. The paper employs the secondary sources analysis method for data collection. It is concluded that moral leadership can effect change, modify how public institutions fulfil their legal obligations, and give those who rely on government services high-quality, essential services. In addition, transparent, measurable programmes and outcomes should be the byproduct of responsible corporate citizenship. This paper has three proposals for the public sector, which will mitigate unethical and prohibited conduct in the public sector, and which is considered to be unsustainable for a nation's development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes why managers of public services who are engaged in reform should consider engaging in learning partnerships. The authors explain how this emerging approach provides important sources of reflexive practice to members of partnerships, including policy-makers, consulting firms, and academia; they show how these sectors can collaborate to build learning capacity across multiple stakeholders; as well as the dilemmas and dualisms involved. As public services face the limits of existing approaches to public management, emerging practices are highlighting the importance of continuous learning and service reform. While many approaches, methods and aids for learning exist, managers embracing complexity are making use of relational resources to scaffold their learning capacity-building. This article introduces the idea of 'learning partnerships': a set of nested learning relationships between public managers, consultants, and researchers and academics, which extends the literature on academic–practitioner collaborations and builds a relational mechanism for learning into the action learning action research (ALAR) and learning organization genres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public sector crisis is so complex and multidimensional that it becomes imperative to understand the nature of its function, characteristics and the obligations of the State. Also, the types of crises that the State witnesses are multifaceted. In the public sector crisis, management scholarship, case-based studies are predominant and are specific to their contexts. To contribute generalizability to this paradigm, in this work, through a rigorous review of extant literature and analysis of secondary data sources, a public sector crisis typology is developed upon the criteria of State's responsibility orientation and crisis preventability. These crisis types are further described by their attributes, commonalities, and differences. This study proposes a crisis communication model as a crucial crisis response strategy, based on the cognitive needs, affective responses, and behavioral outcomes at different stages of a crisis. This crisis response model built upon the crisis typology enables in developing an integrated crisis management in a manner that minimizes damage and regains hope and public support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a comprehensive, global data set, we provide evidence toward settling a debate in the literature on party systems and national political institutions regarding the relationships between political centralization and nationalization of political party support. We also help explain disparate findings in the literature. Does political centralization or decentralization precede nationalization or regionalization of political party support, or the other way around? We confirm previous findings that centralization is correlated with nationalized party systems. Our analysis shows, however, that on average centralization precedes party system nationalization more often than the other way around. And specifically, we provide novel evidence that it is administrative centralization, and not fiscal centralization, that drives these changes. The findings, based on a variety of statistical specifications and measures, are important because they shed light on the way that institutional changes, including constitutional changes regarding the relationships between central governments and subnational governments, affect party competition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the theoretical foundations of information and communication support in public authorities, presents an analysis of a set of models of communication management, and considers various information and communication spaces in public administration. The authors define key directions in the modernization of the information and communication support of public authority activitities in modern Ukraine. Emphasis is placed on the need to develop a system of professional training in the field of cybersecurity following the experience of the US in this area, and use of knowledge management tools is suggested in order to improve the information and communication support of public authorities in Ukraine. This article studies US educational institutions that conduct training in the field of cybersecurity, and defines a set of knowledge management tools including knowledge networks as a process of: human and computer interaction where people exchange information, knowledge, and experience to develop new knowledge and solve new issues; combining knowledge, experience, talents, skills, and capabilities in models that are constantly changing. It also describes open space technology as a method that helps this community to be more effective by developing shared solutions. This article concludes that the issue of the information and communication skills of сivil servants is becoming increasingly relevant in the conditions of transformations, and it is important to master new communication technologies to apply them when making managerial decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

in part I, the article presents the characteristics of non-military crisis situations, including natural threats and technical failures, terrorist threats, hybrid activities and disturbance of public order. The specified crisis situations imply specific actions of the public administration, which carries out its mission on the basis of national and international legal regulations. However, the forces and resources of the civil administration are not always able to provide assistance to all victims of crisis situations, in accordance with the applicable procedures. The implementation of procedures for providing aid and liquidating the effects of crisis situations requires specific, logistically prepared forces and resources. The legal regulations introduced on the basis of experience, including Poland's membership in NATO, enable the use of military forces to provide logistical support to the administration in crisis situations, under the so-called crisis logistics. Hence, the second part of the article presents the legal basis for the use of the Armed Forces in the logistic support of the civil administration, with particular emphasis on engineering troops and their support components, prepared for the liquidation of the consequences of crisis situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with hate speech in public discourse and the media, emphasizing the importance of detecting it in a timely manner in order to remove it. This falls within the scope of the tasks of public administration according to the EU's normative framework because language is one of the main ways that discrimination is enacted. To this end, the empirical research was carried out in two parts. The first part identifies and analyzes unacceptable public behavior (hate speech), defining types of occurrence as opposed to insults and slander, and identifying the advantages and disadvantages of using language technologies for timely identification. The second part of the research detects occurrences of hate speech in Croatian offline media using the example of the 2019 European Parliament elections, drawing attention to a number of methodological obstacles preventing timely identification of hate speech. The results of this investigation contribute to understanding the linguistic-discursive construction of offline and online hate speech in multicultural communities. It is hoped that regulatory authorities will use the results of this research to facilitate implementation of the EU normative framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that lower courts have used their discretionary powers provided within legislation and St-Cloud to infuse a predominantly retributive interpretation into the public confidence in the administration of justice ground of pre-trial detention. This is illustrated notably by their choice of and weight afforded to the various aggravating and mitigating factors, the circumstances that relate to the commission of the offence, as well as their analysis of the length of imprisonment. This transfer of sentencing rationales, and to a greater extent, retributivism, into the third ground of pre-trial detention is used, in part, to justify pre-trial detention and can partially explain the rates of pre-trial detention. Finally, the underlying sentencing logic within the bail process can be understood within a sociological perspective, which examines the wider social functions of institutions and suggests that the bail process is an extension of punishment that serves to reinstate social order and public confidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While privatization garners support in the elite international institutions, it is less clear how strongly the public supports it. By conducting a statistical analysis of changes in attitudes towards government ownership of business, based on World Values Survey data from ten countries over 25 years, the authors find that the public support for privatization was not widespread in these countries even in the early 1990s and it steadily declined since then, particularly in Latin America and in South Africa. The study concludes that public administration scholarship should incorporate these findings in order to reexamine its conceptual approaches towards privatization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to determine how the classification of crimes against public administration supports the correct functioning of the organizational infrastructure, which allows the straight and normal functioning of the public administration activity, subject to the system of values established in the Constitution and, ultimately, the proper exercise of administrative authority, sanctioning the conduct of authorities, officials and individuals who vitiate its effectiveness, or compliance with the purposes it has constitutionally assigned, to the extent that these crimes are considered as an axis of corruption that generates in politicians a struggle for particular ambitions and interests, increases the state bureaucracy and generates deficient public services, while at the same time creating an immoral culture, making use of public resources for their own benefit, being necessary in that sense, analyze what refers to the system of crimes against public administration from the perspective of criteria and models of legislative treatment, as well as from the legal nature of such crimes, since only then can we come to understand even the tendencies towards punishment or impunity of them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with corruption and trust in the public administration of nine countries of the former Western bloc and neutral states, which underwent different institutional development compared to post-communist countries, which were susceptible to corruption due to a strongly centralized public administration with complex decision-making processes and the considerable power of officials. Despite the different institutional development of the public administration in Western countries, these countries are not always perceived by the public as trustworthy and not corrupt. This article reveals that in countries like Switzerland, Norway, and Finland, civil servants are perceived by the public as rather trustworthy and not corrupt, whereas in countries like Spain and France, the opposite is true. Using statistical methods, this article also demonstrates that the perception of the involvement of civil servants in corruption and their unequal treatment of citizens diminishes their trust in the eyes of the public. The experience of respondents with bribery on the part of civil servants reduces confidence in the public administration in only two states. In the other seven, this variable was statistically insignificant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The control of governmental expenditure is one of the main traits of democratic systems. Similarly, the supreme state audit has been around for centuries, in most European states, which have established mechanisms to ensure accountability for the management of public expenditure, as well as to guarantee their transparency and supervision. Public audit focuses on the formation and use of public funds, being an integral part of good governance. It has a wide range of manifestation, covering all areas of the public sector, each of them being analyzed from at least two perspectives: the financial effort of the public sector to carry out the activities and the impact of these activities that are useful to society. The study of the norms elaborated at international level and the experience of advanced European states offers a comprehensive perspective on public audit from a conceptual point of view within the current European context and helps us highlight the role of audit in restoring public confidence in the quality of the financial reporting system. Moreover, public audit plays a decisive role in increasing efficiency and transparency in the management of public resources and in reducing corruption. The impact of the external public audit activity of the Romanian Court of Accounts on the correct and effective management of public financial resources can be highlighted as a whole, using the data from the audit reports published by the institution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is an attempt to provide a helicopter view of the influences and responses that have shaped the corporate public affairs function over four decades from non‐existence to an important and settled profession in Australia's major companies. It reflects the perceptions and experiences of an observer with a background in public administration, politics, academia, industry association leadership, and consulting to companies and industry organisations over that period. They are further informed by surveys and other studies conducted by the organisation supporting public affairs departments, the Australian Centre for Corporate Public Affairs (the Centre) since its inception in 1990. The article charts the emergence from two distinct, low level management silos—one supporting communications and the other, government affairs—to create an integrated strategic management function. The central story is of waves of innovation in concepts and practices, developed mainly overseas, being embraced with enthusiasm and becoming a dominant focus, before settling into the broad toolbox of public affairs. This occurred particularly in the period 1990–2005 during which the function took its shape. With such a broad and ambitious sweep, it is inevitable that bold generalisations begging exceptions must be made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research indicates that administrative burden influences the behaviors and views of clients and potential clients of government programs. However, administrative burden may also shape mass attitudes toward government programs. Taking a behavioral public administration approach, the authors consider whether and how exposure to information about administrative burden embedded within eligibility‐based programs influences citizen favorability toward those programs. It is hypothesized that if information about the existing screening mechanisms is highlighted and made salient, this will lead to greater approval of eligibility‐based programs. This expectation is evaluated using a survey experiment that explores administrative burden in the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program. The evidence shows that being exposed to information about administrative burden increases favorability toward TANF and its recipients, though these effects are conditional on party identification. The results provide insight into a potential consequence of administrative burden, showing the way in which information regarding burden can shape citizens' support for eligibility‐based programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reconstructs the normative contributions that some of the main theorists of the Administration have made about public opinion from Wilson to Bozeman. We agree with Lasswell that in a democracy the relationship between public opinion and public policies should be bidirectional. From this perspective, the central questions to be answered would be: what should be the role of public opinion in relation to public administration and policies? And to what extent is it legitimate for public institutions to try to manage public opinion? The answers offered could be grouped into a scale whose first step would circumscribe public opinion to the role of authoritative criticism that would oversee the process of policy formation without interfering in the day-to-day management issues; the second, would be aimed at probing opinion to define strategies and plans that guarantee public support for policies, regulations and services; finally, the citizen, would assume a more relevant and daily role participating directly and even choosing the producers of public services. The management of the opinion with public funds could be considered legitimate and necessary, with the application of opinion research and institutional communication tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The public platform for scientific instruments is an important part of the opening-sharing system of large-scale instruments. It plays an important role in promoting the opening-sharing of large instruments, improving the efficiency of the instruments and equipment, and providing public support for teaching and scientific research. The construction of scientific instrument public platform in Peking University is implemented by three levels of management system, namely, school level, department level and open unit. The three-level management system of the public platform of Peking University, and the access-withdrawal mechanism of the school level platform are introduced in this paper in order to carry out the exploration with other universities and colleges together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article traces the introduction of public financial management (PFM) processes and systems in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPTs) since they came under the control of the Palestinian Authority (PA). A number of factors combined make for an extremely challenging context for external actors to catalyse change: non‐existent formal central government functions at the time the PA was established, major restrictions in the movement of goods and people, ill‐designed donor budget support and a very asymmetric distribution of power that favours the status quo. An unelected government, donor‐dependency and a suffocating and chronic (yet low‐level) conflict are increasingly de‐incentivizing long‐term institutional reform. Such a complex problem requires multi‐faceted solutions. This article describes a dual delivery model adopted by the Palestinian Governance Facility (PGF) encompassing adaptive interventions that support longer‐term PFM improvements combined with the introduction of a selective workstream targeting service delivery. This focuses on the management of external medical referrals, which emerged as a political problem. A flexible development assistance delivery model can allow reform areas not anticipated at project design to be tackled as they emerge on the political agenda and open the space for political capital. A constant examination of contextual issues and re‐programming of project activities are offering lessons from which to learn and adapt. The ideal coalition involves flexible, aligned donors and relevant "institutional entrepreneurs" from within local organizations, with direct access to politicians. If high‐level government buy‐in falters, a coalition of technocrats may help construct and broker problems from which to gain political access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article critically analyses the operations of the Criminal Records Bureau ('the CRB') and seeks to determine why the Bureau closed abruptly in December 2012. It questions whether the decision to open in March 2002 was expedient, in light of the apparent flaws in the operational assumptions made by Capita Plc, the successful bidder for the CRB contract, and the long-standing problems with the criminal records data. The article then identifies three key failings in the administration of the criminal records checks which it is submitted quickly and decisively eroded public and political confidence in the Bureau. The article concludes by considering who, if anyone, is responsible for the apparent failure of the CRB, and what lessons might be learned by the organisation which replaced it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We live in an age where populism, as both a totalitarian and a Manichean political attitude, is becoming more established on both sides of the Atlantic. An age, also, in which there is a proliferation of democratic innovations attempting to address the issues of the 21st century and the crises in representation and delegation. The question of public confidence in institutions is key, but it is based, first and foremost, on the way in which these issues should be resolved and, therefore, on the mechanisms that allow this to happen. In this respect, questioning governance in terms of its relationship with law, as the World Bank and the World Academy of Art & Science are doing, makes sense, particularly in as turbulent a context as the one we live in today. In addressing some “new” governance models for Europe and the United States, we will first review the definition of the concept and the organisation of its models in three spheres. We will then move on to examine the six mutations which have influenced and developed this model, before turning our attention to a 21st century form of governance, as advocated by the Committee of Experts on Public Administration in the United Nations Economic and Social Council which, during its 2018 session, proposed a form of governance for Agenda 2030. The conclusion stresses the need for rationality and organisation in democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies have evaluated the merits and challenges of contracting-out and public-private partnership (PPP). However, few studies have examined citizens' views of these alternative service-delivery mechanisms and what factors influence their views. Using results from a citizen survey of a mid-sized US city, the present study investigates how consumerism, the citizenry framework, and symbolic institutionalism influence public support for contracting-out and PPP. Our findings show that symbolic institutionalism provides the most significant and consistent explanation of public support for the mechanisms. Implications for public management practices and future research, especially on creating and capturing value through PPP, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In accordance with the Paris agreement, the signing countries have undertaken to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions, implying more government intervention to steer the behaviors of different actors with climate policy measures. However, states face very different possibilities for gaining support for such interventions, especially those targeting the consumption patterns of individual citizens, due to for example the variation in economic development, the quality of political institutions, and other country covariates. While most research on climate policy support has focused on individual factors, such as ideological position, values, and socio-demographic factors, there are also studies out there showing that there is quite some variation in country support for various climate change policies. Using newly published data from the European Social Survey, we explore whether variation in climate policy support is associated with levels of quality of government (QoG) and individuals’ trust in political institutions and people in general, and if these associations vary across different types of climate policies. We find that QoG and generalized trust are positively linked to support for climate taxes, but we find no associations with support for climate subsidies and climate bans. Moreover, we find that political and institutional trust are more strongly linked to support for climate taxes than to support for climate subsidies and climate bans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The authors have offered comparative sociological analysis of the transformations underway in Chechen society in the context of an analysis of institutional confidence and trust. Social reality and political processes are treated as an object of studies, while the subject of studies and their objective are the comparative analysis of the evolution of public opinion about the structures of power and administration in the Chechen Republic, as well as the dynamics of the chosen development course. The authors relied on the materials of sociological polls conducted by the North Ossetia Center for Social Studies of the Institute of Socio-Political Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Department of Sociological Studies of SOIGSI VNTs, Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Government of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania in May-June 2003 within the project Chechnia in the Socio-Cultural Space of the Russian Federation: Ethnosociological Analysis and joint studies carried out by the North Ossetia Center for Social Studies and the Department of Philosophy, Political Science and Sociology, Chechen State Pedagogical University, in May-June 2017. The research objectives postulated the following tasks: (1) to find out how the respondents in the Chechen Republic assess the state of affairs in Russia; (2) to analyze the degree of popular confidence and trust in the structures of power and administration, in religious figures and the media. In their studies the authors relied on the quantitative questionnaire method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]