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There is growing number of evidences to suggest that chronic pain and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) frequently co-occur. An association between chronic pain syndromes and depression has long been recognized. There is a little evidence about the relationship between chronic orofacial pain and depression among PTSD patients. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to (A) assess the presence of chronic pain condition, severity of pain in orofacial region and level of depression among PTSD patient, (B) investigate the relationship between chronic pain and level of depression among PTSD patients. Study included: 36 war veterans with PTSD (mean age 39.78± 5.23), 31 war veterans without PTSD (mean age 39.55± 6.63), and 31 health men who didn't participate in war and without PTSD (mean age 39.68± 7.34). The presence of self-reported pain, pain on digital palpation and pain severity of masticatory/neck muscles and temporomandibular joints, as well as level of depression were assess according RDC/TMD protocol. Number of self-reported pain and painful sites were correlated with level of depression. We observed more self-reported pain and more painful sites in group of war veterans with PTSD, than in both control groups (p

Introduction: While chronic orofacial pain represents a diagnostic and treatment challenge for the clinician, it is reason for considerable suffering for the patients. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of orofacial pain on daily living in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients. Methods: The group of 40 war veterans with PTSD (age median= 40, range 29-52) were investigated using RDC/TMD protocol. Pain intensity as well as the impact of pain/discomfort on the daily activity, ability to work (including housework), recreational, social and family activities were investigated using VAS scale (0-10). Results: In our previously work we observed high rate of orofacial pain among PTSD patients Ninety four percent (94%) of PTSD patients reported orofacial pain. On VAS they evaluated rate/intensity of their orofacial pain as 6.89&plusmn ; 2.33. The impact of orofacial pain/discomfort on the daily activity, ability to work (including housework) as well as recreational, social and family activities was evaluated as 6.22&plusmn ; 2.46, 6.44&plusmn ; 2.73, and 6.23&plusmn ; 2.51, respectively. Pain was positively correlated with daily activity (r=0.62, p

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a syndrome arising from a variety of overwhelming and/or extremely traumatic experiences. Whatever the source of the problem, people with PTSD repeatedly relive the trauma and usually believes that the traumatic event is happening all over again. Aim: The aim of this study was to estimate oral health in Croatian War Veterans with PTSD. Methods: A group of 100 male subjects (x=35.56&plusmn ; ; 6.12 ; range 25-52) who had participated in the War in Croatia and had PTSD was examined. The control group comprised 96 subjects of the same sex and age (x=34.5&plusmn ; ; 7.67 ; range 24-51) who hadn't participated in the war and hadn't PTSD. The clinical examination included determination of the number of missing teeth, untreated caries, and restorations. Parodontal health was determined by CTIPN index. The clinical examination of the function of the stomathognatic system was performed. Results: The mean value of missing teeth in PTSD group was 8, 27&plusmn ; ; 3, 98, compared to 4, 23&plusmn ; ; 2, 85, in the control group (t=5, 55 ; p=0, 09). The mean value of untreated caries in the PTSD group was 2, 36&plusmn ; ; 4, 06, compared to 0, 75&plusmn ; ; 2, 41 in the control group (t=2, 46 ; p0, 05). The parodontal health was estimated using CTIPN index, the mean value in PTSD group was 1, 64&plusmn ; ; 1, 04, compared to 0, 52&plusmn ; ; 0, 79 (t=6, 19 ; p

The aetiology of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) remains controversial. The role of stress is stil under discussion. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of clinical signs of TMD in a group of Croatian War Veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occuring as a conseguence of exposure to war stress. Methods: A group of 100 male subjects (x=35.56± ; ; ; ; 6.12, range 25-52) who had participated in the War in Croatia and had PTSD was examined. The control group comprised 96 subjects of the same sex and age (x=34.5± ; ; ; ; 7.67, range 24-51) who hadn't participated in the war and hadn't PTSD (Harvard trauma Questionaire). The examination was performed by means of an original clinical protocol. Results: Eighty two per cent of the group with PTSD had at least one sign of TMD compared to 24% of the healthy subjects (Chi-square 55.26 ; p

Posttraumatic stress disorer (PTSD) is a form to pathological response to stress in which the patients are in a state of permanent increased tension. Muscle activity is increased because of communications between the limbic system and centres of motor activity which enables transformation of emotive and cognitive processes in motor response. Marked manifestations of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) can be expected.The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of TMD subtypes in war veterans with PTSD.A group of 94 male subjects (x=35.56± ; ; 6.12, range 25-52) war veterans with PTSD in whom PTSD had previously been diagnosed was examined. Patients were compared with an age and gender matched group of subjects who had not taken part in the war, and in whom PTSD was excluded by means of a psychiatric examination. A clinical examination and standard questionnaire adapted from Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD was used. Subjects were asked to estimate pain frequency, severity and daily pattern of jaw pain, difficulty in opening the jaw and joint clicking. An examination was carried out of the joint, masticatory and cervical muscles, as well as occlusion.Eighty two per cent (82%) of the group with PTSD had at least one sign of TMD compared to 24% of the healthy subjects (Chi-square 55.26 ; p

In posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) persistent symptoms of hyperarousal are present. Muscle activity is increased because of communications between the limbic system and centres of motor activity which enables transformation of emotive and cognitive processes in motor response. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and the severity of muscle palpation tenderness in war veterans with PTSD. Methods: A group of 50 male subjects (x=35.56 +/- 6.12, range 25-52) war veterans with PTSD was examined. The control group comprised 50 subjects of the same sex and age (x=34.5 +/- 7.67, range 24-51) who hadn't participated in the war and hadn't PTSD. Palpation of head and neck muscles was performed according to the method wich reliability and validity was previously tested (Fricton and Schiffman, 1986, JDR). Depending on tenderness the possible response was a three point scale: 0-no pain, 1-mild pain and 2-severe pain. Results: Nighty-four per cent of subjects with PTSD had tenderness at one or more muscle site in relation to 48% of the controls (Chi-Square 23.51, p

The aetiology of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) remains controversial. The role of stress is stil under discussion. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of subjective symptoms of TMD in a group of Croatian War veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occuring as a conseguence of exposure to war stress. Methods: A group of 100 male subjects (x=35.56± ; 6.12, range 25-52) who had participated in the War in Croatia and had PTSD was examined. The control group comprised 100 subjects of the same sex and age (x=34.5± ; 7.67, range 24-51) who hadn't participated in the war and hadn't PTSD (Harvard trauma Questionaire). The examination was performed by means of a questionaire in which the subjects answerwd questions with 'yes' – ; 'no'. Results: Eighty two per cent of the group with PTSD had at least one symptom compared to 24% of the healthy subjects (chi-square 55.26 ; p