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Objective To study the role of plasma proBDNF level in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) with depressive symptoms, and to explore related factors, so as to provide evidence for early intervention. Methods A total of 42 pSS patients and 81 healthy controls were investigated with self-made general information questionnaire and PHQ-9 scale, and 42 pSS patients were investigated and scored with Coping style questionnaire (SCSQ) and social support rating scale （SSRS). European Antirheumatic Association pSS Disease Activity Scale (ESSDAI) was used to evaluate the disease activity of pSS. After informed consent was obtained, 3- 5 ml peripheral blood was collected to detect the level of proBDNF. Results The increase of plasma proBDNF level in patients with pSS complicated with depressive symptoms was the most significant (P < 0.05), and less social support was a risk factor. Conclusion ProBDNF may be involved in the pathogenesis of pSS with depressive symptoms, and these patients need more social support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]