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The Kessler 10 (K10) and embedded Kessler 6 (K6) was developed to screen for non-specific psychological distress and serious mental illness in mental health surveys of English-speaking populations, but has been adopted in Western and non-Western countries as a screening and outcome measure in primary care and mental health settings. This review examines whether the original K6/K10's validity for culturally diverse populations was established, and whether the cultural equivalence, and sensitivity to change of translated or culturally adapted K6/K10s, has been demonstrated with culturally diverse client groups. Evidence for the original K6/K10's validity for culturally diverse populations is limited. Questions about the conceptual and linguistic equivalence of translated/adapted K6/K10s arise from reports of changes in item connotation and differential item functioning. Evidence for structural equivalence is inconsistent, as is support for criterion equivalence, with the majority of studies compromising on accuracy in case prediction. Research demonstrating sensitivity to change with culturally diverse groups is lacking. Inconsistent evidence for the K6/K10's cultural appropriateness in clinical settings, and a lack of clinical norms for either majority or culturally diverse groups, indicate the importance of further research into the psychological distress construct with culturally diverse clients, and the need for caution in interpreting K6/K10 scores., (Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)

This study aimed at deepening into the internal structure's analysis of the Argentinean Scale of Suicidality, Youth version—ASSY-I Screening—. The 6-factor model obtained in a previous exploratory factor study was tested via confirmatory factor analysis, and further compared with an alternative second-order model. The factorial invariance was examined using the self-perceived gender as a splitting variable. The factors' internal consistency was analysed in the whole sample and in two subsamples comprising exclusively men and women. The scores' stability-reliability was examined using a test-retest analysis. The sample was composed of 632 students with ages between 13 and 21 years old (M = 17.88, SD = 2.16; 64.08% women, 35.92% men). Results showed evidence favouring the robustness of the ASSY-I model as well as the likelihood of generalising it across groups in the local population of young students. Findings are discussed regarding further uses of the scale in the professional field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Increasingly pregnancy-related anxiety is acknowledged as a distinct anxiety type, characterised by specific fears/worries. The Pregnancy-related Anxiety Scale (PrAS) screens for this distinct anxiety and refinements to the scale have prompted further validity examination. This study aims to: replicate findings that distinguished pregnancy-related anxiety from general anxiety/depression using the PrAS; confirm the PrAS's factor structure, and examine the validity of the PrAS subscales: Acceptance of Pregnancy, Avoidance and Worry About Self.Methods: Pregnant women (N = 608) were recruited online and completed the PrAS, Pregnancy Acceptance Questionnaire, Ways of Coping Questionnaire, Cambridge Worry Scale, Parenting Sense of Competence Scale, State Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Edinburgh Depression Scale.Results: Multiple regression analysis confirmed general anxiety/depression contributed little to the PrAS's variance, supporting the scale's validity and distinctiveness of pregnancy-related anxiety. Structural equation modelling confirmed the PrAS's factor structure, and the three PrAS subscales generally correlated more highly with convergent measures than the discriminant measures.Limitations: Limitations included the cross-sectional design of the study and the use of some convergent/discriminant measures that lacked validity evidence for prenatal use.Conclusions: This study provides evidence of the distinctiveness of pregnancy-related anxiety from state/trait anxiety and depression and also adds to the psychometric properties of the PrAS. The PrAS is a useful screening scale that can be used for antenatal screening potentially reducing the risk of adverse outcomes associated with pregnancy-related anxiety. The PrAS is also a useful research tool providing a more comprehensive assessment of pregnancy-related anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a gaming disorder screening scale based on the ICD-11 criteria for Gaming disorder. 12 main items and 5 supplementary items were created to measure functional impairment and the three basic criteria of ICD-11 for gaming disorder. A total of two samples were used to select items and analyze psychometric properties. The first sample was collected from 252 adolescents and adults who had regular game use experience, some of which corresponded to Repeated measurement data were collected after 6 weeks on 202 subjects. The second sample data was collected from 132 people in the game disorder subclinical group. In both samples, a single-factor model best explained the data. A total of 9 questions were finally selected among the main questions, and the questions showed high factor loadings and reliability. In addition, as a result of evaluating validity through correlation analysis with factors related to gaming disorder, all showed excellent official validity and convergent validity. As a result of the ROC analysis, the total score was determined as 10 points for the criteria for the classification of game disorder risk groups in the finalized selection tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The Early Psychotic Symptoms screening scale (EPSy) is a new scale to assess the prodromes of psychotic symptoms in children aged 4 to 13 years. • Symptoms of mistrust are to be an important and very early indicator of psychosis. • Symptoms of disorganization gain a similar status as mistrust as children grow older. • Symptoms of mistrust and disorganization should indicators for follow-up of children who could be qualified as ultra-high risk for psychosis. This study aimed to develop a new scale, the Early Psychotic Symptoms screening scale (EPSy), to assess the prodromes of psychotic symptoms in children aged 4 to 13 years. Two versions were proposed: one to assess the child's current behavior and one to assess the child's behavior when he/she was 2 years old. The second aim of this study was to investigate the presence of these symptoms at the age of 2 years and their evolution up to the child's current age. The analysis of EPSy identified three main factors, namely mistrust/paranoia, perceptual aberrations/hallucinations and disorganized symptoms. It has good psychometric properties. Data also shows that, independently of the participant's age, the total score on the 2-years-old version predicts the total score on the current-age version, and this is also the case for each individual factor. Finally, it is of clinical interest since it makes it possible to describe symptomatology both at age 2 and at the child's present age depending on the group to which the children are assigned (control children, psychotic children, non-psychotic children). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the validity and reliability of the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, selfreported version, in a Turkish student sample (QIDS-SR16-T) by comparing it to (a) the American version (QIDS-SR16- US) and (b) the Turkish version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II-T). Materials and Methods: Slightly modified versions of the QIDS-SR16-T, and the BDI-II-T were administered to 626 outpatients at the Uludağ University campus-based family health center. The QIDS-SR16-US was administered to 584 respondents at an American university. SAS and MPlus were used to provide descriptive statistics, classical exploratory factor analysis, and item response theory analyses (in the form of a multiple group confirmatory factor analysis). Results: The internal consistency (Cronbach α) of the QIDS-SR16-T was 0.77. Both QIDS-SR16 versions were unidimensional, but the BDI-II-T was not. The mean QIDSSR16- T and QIDS-SR16-US item-total correlations were similar. The correlation between the QIDS-SR16-T and BDIII- T was 0.72 (.90 when disattenuated). Multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis suggested that the QIDSSR16- T and QIDS-SR16-US had the same factor loadings but different intercepts. This reflects group differences in level of depression, perhaps because the Turkish respondents, unlike their US counterparts, were seen in a medical context where illness-related depression is more prevalent. Scores on the QIDS-SR16-T and the BDI-II-T were also equated. Discussion: The QIDS-SR16-T has good psychometric properties and convergent validity with the BDI-II-T. Its use is recommended when a self-reported instrument is appropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Identifying high-risk groups for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) during evacuation situations requires a valid short screening tool. The re-experiencing symptoms of PTSD are considered helpful for distinguishing those with PTSD from those without, as they are thought to be specific to PTSD, have less ambiguity for respondents, and are representative of all PTSD symptoms. Objective: To develop a new short version of the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS) comprising only re-experiencing symptom items. Method: We used existing data (N =169) from our previous study on the Japanese version of the PDS and the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS). The sample included both clinical outpatients (n =106) and university students (n =63), all of whom reported one or more traumatic experiences. We created candidate 2- and 3-item versions of the PDS and compared their psychometric characteristics against the CAPS. Results: The best candidate (comprising items for ‘intrusive images’, ‘nightmares’, and ‘physiological reactions when reminded of the trauma’) demonstrated an area under the curve of .95, 94.8% sensitivity, 86.1% specificity for the best cut-off score of three. The candidate scale also showed a strong correlation with CAPS-evaluated severity score and internal consistency. Conclusions: The brief re-experiencing PDS had good psychometric properties among Japanese adults with and without PTSD. 题目：新的简版创伤后诊断量表：在患有和未患有PTSD的日本成年群体中的验证 背景：在疏散情景下识别高风险的创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）群体需要一个有效简短的筛选工具。PTSD的再体验症状具有PTSD特异性、对应答者具有较少歧义、对所有PTSD症状有代表性，因此被认为有助于区分患有PTSD和未患有的人群。 目标：开发一个只包含再体验症状题目的新的简版创伤后诊断量表（PDS）。 方法：我们使用之前关于日本版PDS和临床诊断PTSD量表（CAPS）的研究中的现有数据（N=169）。样本中既有临床门诊病人（n=106）也有大学学生(n=69)，他们都报告了一个或以上创伤性经历。我们开发了2个题目和3个题目的备选PDS，并将它们的心理测量特性和CAPS进行对比。 结果：最好的备选量表（包括“闯入性图像”,”噩梦”,”被提醒创伤时的生理反应”）显示出了.95的曲线下面积（area under the curve），最好的划界分（3分）具有94.8%的敏感性和86.1%的特异性。备选量表也表现出了和CAPS症状验证分数的强相关，以及内部一致性。 结论：简版在体验PDS在患有和未患有PTSD的日本成年群体中有很好的心理测量特性。 关键词：创伤后应激障碍，筛选量表，验证，创伤后诊断量表，心理测量特性，再体验症状 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]