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Applications of structural equation modeling (SEM) may encounter issues like inadmissible parameter estimates, nonconvergence, or unsatisfactory model fit. We propose a new factor rotation method that reparameterizes the factor correlation matrix in exploratory factor analysis (EFA) such that factors can be either exogenous or endogenous. The proposed method is an oblique rotation method for EFA, but it allows directional structural paths among factors. We thus referred it to as FSP (factor structural paths) rotation. In particular, we can use FSP rotation to "translate" an SEM model to incorporate theoretical expectations on both factor loadings and structural parameters. We illustrate FSP rotation with an empirical example and explore its statistical properties with simulated data. The results include that (1) EFA with FSP rotation tends to fit data better and encounters fewer Heywood cases than SEM does when there are cross-loadings and many small nonzero loadings, (2) FSP rotated parameter estimates are satisfactory for small models, and (3) FSP rotated parameter estimates are more satisfactory for large models when the structural parameter matrices are sparse., (© 2022. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to The Psychometric Society.)

Objectives : Evaluate the psychometric properties and structural validity of the Filipino version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) among Filipino domestic workers (FDWs). Methods : In Study 1, 131 FDWs completed PSQI and other scales, along with 10-day actigraphic assessment with accompanying electronic daily sleep dairy. A subsample of 61 participants completed follow-up assessment after 10 days. In Study 2, 1363 FDWs were recruited and randomized into two halves. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used in the two halves, respectively. Results : In Study 1, the Cronbach's alpha of the PSQI was 0.63 at baseline and 0.67 at follow-up. Test-retest reliability for the PSQI global score based on intraclass correlation was 0.63. Convergent validity was supported by the significant associations between the PSQI global score, PSQI components scores, sleep patterns from the daily sleep diary, and measures of depression, anxiety, and rumination. Small correlations between the PSQI global score and measures of daytime sleepiness, social support, and self-reported height, supported discriminant validity. In Study 2, EFA yielded two PSQI factors with acceptable factor loadings. CFA established that this two-factor model, comprised of perceived sleep quality and sleep efficiency, evidenced better model fit than alternative models tested. The Cronbach's alpha of two factors was 0.70 and 0.81, respectively. Conclusions : The PSQI demonstrated good internal consistency of two factors, and good convergent, and divergent validity. Results can be referenced in future studies to measure and screen sleep dysfunction among clinical and non-clinical populations in the Philippines.

Purpose: Subjective quality of life is a central patient-reported outcome in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. The Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life (MANSA) is an established and widely used instrument for its assessment. The present study is a secondary analysis of large schizophrenia studies and aims to establish the factorial structure of the MANSA with a rigorous two-step methodology., Methods: A sample of 3120 patients was randomly split into two datasets; the first includes two thirds of the patients and serves as the calibration sample (N = 2071) and the second includes one third of them and serves as the validation sample (N = 1049). We performed an exploratory factor analysis with the calibration sample followed by a confirmatory factor analysis with the validation sample., Results: Our results for both samples revealed a model with adequate fit comprising two factors. The first factor encompasses eight items measuring satisfaction with a variety of life and health-related aspects of quality of life, whereas the second consists of four items assessing satisfaction with living environment comprising living alone or with others, accommodation, family, and safety. These two factors correlate in a different way with socio-demographic characteristics such as age and living conditions., Conclusions: Future trials and service evaluation projects using the MANSA to measure quality of life should take into account that satisfaction with living environment may be distinct from satisfaction with other life and health-related aspects of quality of life.

WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: The psychometrics of the CUB measure have been tested within an inpatient psychiatric setting. Results show that the CUB has two factors that reflect patients' approach and avoidance of dimensions of the treatment milieu, and that an increase of approach and decrease of avoidance are correlated with discharge. No empirical research has examined the validity of the CUB in a day hospital programme. WHAT THIS ARTICLE ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: This study was the first to address the validity of this questionnaire within a psychiatric day hospital setting. This now allows other mental health service providers to use this questionnaire following administration of patient engagement interventions (such as behavioural activation), which are routinely used within this type of a setting. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Our results can enable healthcare providers to employ an effective and psychometrically validated tool in a day hospital setting to measure treatment outcomes and provide reflections of patients' approach behaviours and avoidance behaviours., Abstract: Introduction We evaluated the Checklist of Unit Behaviours (CUBs) questionnaire in a novel mental health setting: a day hospital within a large acute care general hospital. No empirical evidence exists, as of yet, to look at the validity of this measure in this type of a treatment setting. The CUB measures two factors, avoidance or approach, of the patients' engagement with the treatment milieu within the previous 24 hr. Aim A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to validate the CUB's original two factor structure in an outpatient day programme. Methods Psychiatric outpatients (n = 163) completed the CUB daily while participating in a day hospital programme in Toronto, Canada. Results A CFA was used to confirm the CUB factors but resulted in a poor fitting model for our sample, χ 2 (103) = 278.59, p < .001, CFI = 0.80, RMSEA = 0.10, SRMR = 0.10. Questions 5, 8 and 10 had higher loadings on a third factor revealed through exploratory factor analysis. We believe this factor, "Group Engagement," reflects the construct of group-related issues. Discussion The CUB was a practical and useful tool in our psychiatric day hospital setting at a large acute care general hospital. Implications for practice Our analysis identified group engagement, a critical variable in day programmes, as patients have autonomy regarding staying or leaving the programme., (© 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) population encounter more stressful life circumstances compared to general population. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) can be a useful tool for measuring their stress. However, psychometric properties of PSS have never been tested on LGBT population., Methods: This cross sectional study employed a two-stage sampling strategy to collect data from 296 LGBT participants from six divisional districts of Bangladesh. Exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were carried out on PSS 10 along with analysis of reliability and validity., Results: EFA revealed a two-factor structure of PSS for LGBT population explaining 43.55% - 51.45% of total variance. This measurement model was supported by multiple fit indices during CFA. Acceptable Cronbach's alpha indicated internal consistency reliability and high correlations with Self Reporting Questionnaire 20 demonstrated construct validity of PSS 10 for LGBT population., Conclusion: This study provided evidence of satisfactory psychometric properties of Bengali PSS 10 in terms of factor structure, internal consistency and validity among LGBT population.

There is growing importance of the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) in clinical practice and research on parenting and parental bonding. Since the development of this diagnostic tool (Parker et al., Brit. J. Med. Psycho.1979; 52:1-10), a number of validation studies have been done in various cultures. The aim of the present study was to translate the measure into Bangla and validate in Bangladeshi culture. A total of 200 adolescents participated in the study. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the data from 191 participants (who provided complete responses) identified a two-factor (Care and Overprotection) structure of the PBI with 17 items. The two factors together explained 44.18% of the total variance. The factors showed moderate to very high internal consistency (Cronbach's α=0.863 for Care; 0.622 for Overprotection), and very strong convergent and discriminant validity as evident by their correlations with the measures of cognitive distortions and antisocial behaviors. In line with the original tool we defined four types of parenting style, such as Affectionate constraint, Affectionless control, Optimal parenting, and Neglectful parenting. This study opens the door of future research on parenting practices and parent-child relationships in Bangladesh., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

There is growing importance of the How I Think (HIT) questionnaire in clinical practice and cognitive research. Since the development of the HIT (Barriga and Gibbs, Aggress. Behav., 1996; 22: 333-343), a number of validation studies have been done in various cultures. The aim of the present study was to translate the instrument into Bangla and validate in Bangladeshi culture. A total of 200 adolescents participated in the study. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the data from 191 participants (88 girls and 103 boys; who provided complete responses) identified a four-factor structure of the HIT with 27 items. The four factors namely 'Catastrophizing and mislabeling', 'Emotional reasoning', 'Self-centeredness and blaming' and 'Overgeneralization' together explained 39.611% of the total variance. In line with the original scale we also defined four types of antisocial behavior. The HIT and its factors showed acceptable to good internal consistency (Cronbach's α=.83 for the HIT, and .40-.77 for its factors), and strong construct validity as revealed by the evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. Thus the Bangla version HIT appears to be valid and reliable, and therefore may be used in further research on cognitive distortions and antisocial behaviors in Bangladesh., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The aim of this work was to develop a measurement for the expectations of pregnant women about breastfeeding and examine the psychometric properties of the scale. The study was conducted with two separate samples, including women who were ≥28 weeks pregnant. The first sample, comprising 322 women aged 19 to 49 years (M = 28.19; SD = 4.86), was formed to conduct an exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The second sample, which consisted of 274 women aged 18 to 42 years (M = 28.16; SD = 4.85), was formed to conduct a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The Prenatal Attachment Inventory and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale were administered. Data were collected between April and November 2021. In the EFA, two factors were obtained: "1: Enthusiastic Expectations of Breastfeeding" and "2: Fearful/Anxious Expectations of Breastfeeding." In the CFA, path diagrams and goodness-of-fit criteria showed that psychometric properties of 12-item and two-factor structure of the scale were sufficient. The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of the overall scale and subscales were 0.88, 0.81, and 0.89, respectively. The scale was valid and reliable, and it performed well in measurement of pregnant women's expectations of breastfeeding about their future breastfeeding experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With increasing use of robots in social life, individuals need to interact with robots more frequently, and user-anxiety about robots has attracted an extensive research attention. However, this topic has not been explored as much in China. To provide a scale for research on robot anxiety in China, this study translated and examined the reliability and validity of the Robot Anxiety Scale (RAS). The results showed that the Chinese version of RAS had an acceptable content validity. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) showed that only one factor was extracted in this study, and the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) verified the factor structure, with the model-fitting index reaching an acceptable standard: χ2/df = 3.26, SRMR =.02, CFI =.99, GFI =.96, TLI =.98, RMSEA =.06. These findings were cross validated using Rasch measurement, in addition to further investigation of other RAS psychometric properties under the Rasch framework. Moreover, criterion validity analysis results also showed that robot anxiety was significantly positively correlated with state anxiety, trait anxiety, and negative emotions, while robot anxiety was significantly negatively correlated with trust in automation and positive emotions. In conclusion, the Chinese version of RAS is an effective tool for measuring robot anxiety in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of Cultural Intelligence Scale (CQS), based on item response theory (IRT) using the graded response model (GRM). The study calibration sample included 400, while the study sample included 1000, male and female Saudi participants, aged between 18 and 62 years. IRT‐GRM results supported the quality of the psychometric properties of CQS, and its appropriateness to measure cultural intelligence (CQ) for the majority of individuals. CQS well‐distinguished people at different ability levels along the CQ latent trait, particularly with middle and low abilities. However, CQS full scale and subscales had less accurate measurement precision at high levels of CQ, and some subscales had more precision at low level abilities. CQS items had medium ability to differentiate among subjects, and they provided more information in evaluating individuals with medium CQ. Therefore, CQS might be more suitable for identification and development purposes, where low to med‐levels of CQ are expected. Additional assessment procedures need to be added, for selection or promotion purposes to increase the measurement precision. Confirmatory factor analysis results confirmed the multidimensional construct of CQS with four specific‐related factors at the first level, and an aggregate factor at the second level. This model provided better model fit using IRT‐GRM approach, and it was supported by classical test theory analysis results. Therefore, it is important to rely on subscale scores, besides the total score to interpret CQ for individuals. The study stressed the importance of examining CQS item parameters and information based on the country it is adapted for, to investigate how they interact with country culture; and to take into account ability level, when selecting optimal measures. Practitioner points: The results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and item response theory (IRT) graded response model (GRM) supported the multidimensional construct of Cultural Intelligence Scale (CQS) with four specific‐related factors at the first level, and an aggregate factor at the second level, that was proposed by the CQS theory, compared to other models.IRT‐GRM analysis results in this study indicated that CQS has good psychometric properties and indicated that it appears to be a valid and moderately reliable instrument in detecting Cultural intelligence (CQ). These results were supported by CTT analysis results.IRT‐GRM analysis results showed that CQS well‐distinguished people at different ability levels along the CQ latent trait, particularly with middle and low abilities. However, CQS full scale and subscales had less accurate measurement precision at high levels of CQ, and some subscales had more precision at low level abilities.The study suggested that it is important to examine the CQS model fit, item parameters, information functions for the full scale and subscales based on the country it is adapted for, before considering it. It is important also to rely on the subscale scores to interpret CQ for individuals, and to identify their strengths, rather than relying on the total score alone.The study results suggested that CQS suites better CQ identification and development purposes. For selection or promotion purposes, it is suggested to add additional assessment procedures to increase the measurement precision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, numerous research studies have highlighted how teachers' perceptions of educational robotics (ER) and their sense of self-efficacy can influence the learning process. Although different instruments exist to investigate teachers' perspectives on ER, the Robotics Interest Questionnaire (RIQ) scale, developed within the Portuguese K–12 education framework to analyse the impact of domain knowledge (i.e. coding and robotics), interest in robotics, and confidence in one's self-efficacy as a robotics teacher, was used in the present work. This instrument has been validated in Portugal, meeting rigorous statistical and reliability measures that our work intends to verify in its Italian version. To test the validity of the instrument, the Teacher Self-Efficacy (QAI) Questionnaire, already validated in Italian and accredited in the literature, was administered jointly. The instruments were administered to a non-probabilistic sample of 823 teachers working in different school orders. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were carried out, confirming a four-factor model. The results suggest the applicability of the RIQ instrument in the Italian school context to test teachers' levels of interest, knowledge, problem-solving, collaborative work, and sense of self-efficacy, successfully discriminating between experienced and inexperienced ER teachers. These constructs, as suggested in multiple works, are relevant factors in promoting the use of robotics for educational purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present research was to identify and assess key organizational factors affecting work performance via Gilbert's Behavioral Engineering Model (BEM). Therefore, a self-made scale considering BEM's dimensions was developed and tested. Data were gathered from the 1st of April to end of May 2023, using a randomly stratified sample of 297 Mexican companies of Sonora State. The final questionnaire - named ADOPTproved adequate psychometric properties to assess eight organizational factors of human performance proposed. ADOPT liability and validity are shown in the light of commented literature and data on present organizational effectiveness and corporate longevity. Main results indicate a global alpha scale liability of .92 being Task Support, knowledge/Competences, and Context most valued predictors of organizational effectiveness, followed by Aims/Objectives and Feedback factors. It was also confirmed that both contextual (environmental level) and behaviour (individual level) type of supports are equally important in predicting work performance. Evidence indicates that organizational performance management in SMEs is highly achieved on a long-term basis by attending these key factors in a specific loop, i.e. contextualising, system maintenance (feedback), and empowering. This sequence support personnel assessments as essential for empowering decision-making processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study evaluated the psychometrics of a newly developed scale that measures the perceived familial stigma of LGBQ-sexuality. Exploratory, confirmatory, bifactor, and omega reliability analyses were conducted on a set of items and suggest these scores reliably measure the intended construct, with specific factors of homonegativity, discretion, and familial customs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Trauma exposure is widespread and linked to chronic physical and mental health conditions including posttraumatic stress disorder. However, there are major gaps in our knowledge of trauma exposure in Africa and on the validity of instruments to assess potentially life-threatening trauma exposure. Objective: The Life Events Checklist for the DSM-5 (LEC-5) is a free, widely used questionnaire to assess traumatic events that can be associated with psychopathology. As part of a case–control study on risk factors for psychosis spectrum disorders, we used the LEC-5 to examine the frequency of traumatic events and to assess the questionnaire's factor structure in South Africa (N = 6,765). Method: The prevalence of traumatic events was measured by individual items on the LEC-5 across the study sample, by case–control status, and by sex. Cumulative trauma burden was calculated by grouping items into 0, 1, 2, 3, and ≥4 traumatic event types. Psychometric properties of the LEC-5 were assessed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Results: More than 92% of the study sample reported experiencing ≥1 traumatic event; 38.7% reported experiencing ≥4 traumatic event types. The most endorsed item was physical assault (65.0%), followed by assault with a weapon (50.2%). Almost 94% of cases reported ≥1 traumatic event compared to 90.5% of controls (p <.001) and 94% of male participants reported ≥1 traumatic event compared to 89.5% of female participants (p <.001). Exploratory factor analysis revealed a 6-factor model. Confirmatory factor analyses of three models found that a 7-factor model based on the South African Stress and Health survey was the best fit (standardized root mean square residual of 0.024, root mean square error of approximation of 0.029, comparative fit index of 0.910). Conclusion: Participants reported very high exposure to traumatic events. The LEC-5 has good psychometric priorities and is adequate for capturing trauma exposure in South Africa. Trauma exposure was extremely prevalent in this South African sample, with less than 8% of participants reporting zero exposure to traumatic events. This was the first time the factor structure of the LEC-5 was assessed in South Africa. A confirmatory factor analysis using a 7-factor model based on a previous study of trauma exposure, the South African Stress and Health study (SASH), was the best fit for the LEC-5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Educational and healthcare professionals need to develop emotional communication with schoolchildren and patients, respectively. This study aims to analyse the psychometric properties of an instrument that evaluates emotional communication among these professionals. A total of 406 professionals and students of education and health sciences took part in the study. They were administered a questionnaire using a Google Form that collected different elements of emotional communication. An exploratory factor analysis was carried out from which three factors were extracted: Communicative Proactivity, Openness and Authenticity, and Listening. These were supported by confirmatory factor analysis. The internal consistency of the scale is also adequate, ranging from 0.69 to 0.82. This instrument is valid, and, in a self-reported, straightforward and time-efficient manner, can assess the emotional communication of professionals and students of education and health sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to test the reliability of the Perceived Severity and Response to Bullies and Victims of Bullying Questionnaire (PSRBVBQ) for middle school teachers (N=322 teachers), using exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis. PSRBVBQ assesses teachers' responses to bullying using situational scenarios. It includes two vignettes for each type of bullying (physical, verbal and relational) to analyze the perceived severity, likelihood of responding to the bully, likelihood of responding to the victim. Exploratory factor analysis indicated a three-factor solution: perceived severity (a =.73), the likelihood of responding to the bully (a = .84), the likelihood of responding to the victim (a = .89). These results indicate a good internal consistency of the items in each scale, especially for the likelihood of responding to the victim and for the likelihood of responding to the bully scales. The results show that the PSRBVBQ has good psychometric properties and can be successfully used in research regarding Romanian teachers' perceptions and their response to bullying. Also, more than one-third of teachers perceive verbal aggression as serious, while much less perceive relational aggression as very serious. At the same time, we found that the perceived severity predicts the probability of the teacher's reaction to the incidents of aggression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted with the objective to construct a scale to measure quality of sleep in Hindi language and to assess its psychometric properties, factorial structure, and predictive validity in Indian cultural context. Two hundred 20 to 67 years old participants from Varanasi city of Uttar Pradesh were administered a 15-item Sleep Quality Scale in Hindi language. Exploratory factor analysis (principal components) revealed two factors, 'Primary Sleep Disturbances' and 'Nocturnal Sleep Disturbances and Daytime Sleepiness', and these two factors respectively explained 27.273% and 10.292% of variance, and together the two factors explained a total of 37.565 % of variance. Confirmatory factor analyses were done for both single factor and two factors models, and the observations indicated a better goodness of fit indexes for two factors as compared to single factor model. The split-half, Cronbach's alpha and Guttmann lambda 2 reliability coefficients two subscales and whole Sleep Quality Scale have been found to be fairly high. The subscales of Sleep Quality Scale and whole scale strongly associated with BDI-II and worry engagement. No gender differences emerged on the subscales and whole scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Child abuse has become an area of global interest recently. However, a valid Bangla child abuse measure is missing to assess abusive behavior toward children in the Bangla-speaking population. Therefore, this research investigated the factor structure and psychometric properties of the child abuse scale (CAS) in Bangladeshi context. This scale is originally developed in Pakistan. The first step of the present study involved translating the original CAS into Bangla and translating it back to English. Then, a panel consisting of experts reviewed and validated the back-translation to corroborate the translation was compatible with the original meaning. Eventually, the final version of the CAS was administered on 132 children. The results of exploratory factor analysis (using maximum likelihood) yielded three factors of the Bangla CAS, including emotional neglect, abusive behavior, and physical neglect. These factors accounted for 34.91% of variance. The confirmatory factor analysis also showed adequate goodness of fit in the three-factor structure. Results further demonstrated that the Bangla CAS and its three factors showed an acceptable level of internal consistency. Concerning convergent and divergent validity, the Bangla CAS was positively correlated with the three dimensions of PARQ: hostility/aggression, indifference/neglect, and undifferentiated rejection, and negatively correlated with another dimension of PARQ: warmth/affection. Therefore, the Bangla CAS displayed satisfactory psychometric properties. This implies that the CAS might be viable in investigating abusive behavior toward children in clinical and research settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Face masks are an avenue to curb the spread of coronavirus, but few people in Western societies wear face masks. Social scientists have rarely studied face mask wearing, leaving little guidance for methods to encourage these behaviours. In the current article, we provide an approach to address this issue by developing the 32‐item and 8‐dimension Face Mask Perceptions Scale (FMPS). We begin by developing an over‐representative item list in a qualitative study, wherein participants' responses are used to develop items to ensure content relevance. This item list is then reduced via exploratory factor analysis in a second study, and the eight dimensions of the scale are supported. We also support the validity of the FMPS, as the scale significantly relates to both face mask wearing and health perceptions. We lastly confirm the factor structure of the FMPS in a third study via confirmatory factor analysis. From these efforts, we identify an avenue that social scientists can aid in preventing coronavirus and illness more broadly – by studying face mask perceptions and behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Personal wisdom has demonstrated important implications for the health of individuals. The aim of the present study was to validate a Spanish version of the Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale (3D-WS), exploring the structure of a possible general factor, and assessing its explanatory power on psychological health-related variables.Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used, with a total sample of 624 Spanish participants recruited on the Internet and randomly split into two halves. The following instruments were applied: 3D-WS, Purpose in Life (PIL), Multidimensional State Boredom Scale (MSBS), Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Factorial structures were analyzed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA and CFA), and the general factor was characterized by using bifactor models. The explanatory power of the 3D-WS was established by multiple regression.Results: The original long and short versions of the 3D-WS were not replicated in the first subsample using EFA, and there was a high rate of cross-loadings. Thus, a new short 3D-WS was proposed by ordering the original items according to factorial weights. This three-correlated-factor (reflective, cognitive, and affective) proposal was tested by means of CFA in the second subsample, with adequate psychometrics and invariance, and a good fit (χ2/df = 1.98; CFI = 0.946; RMSEA = 0.056; 90% CI = 0.040-0.072). A bifactor structure, in which the reflective trait of wisdom was integrated into a general factor (G-Reflective) improved the model fit (χ2/df = 1.85; CFI = 0.959; RMSEA = 0.052; 90% CI = 0.035-0.070). The explained common variance of G-Reflective was 0.53; therefore, the new short 3D-WS should not be considered essentially unidimensional. The new short 3D-WS showed positive relationships with the PIL and PANAS-positive, and negative associations with the MSBS, PANAS-negative and DERS, contributing to explain all the referred variables. These results were consistent across subsamples.Conclusion: The new short 3D-WS appears to be a reliable instrument for measuring wisdom in the Spanish general population. The reflective facet might influence the cognitive and affective wisdom components through the G-Reflective general factor. There seems to be a high explanatory power of the 3D-WS on psychological health-related variables. This study will facilitate the development of future research and psychological knowledge regarding wisdom.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of social support for everyone. Supports from relatives, neighbors, and friends are more significant for a job seeker, especially during the pandemic. Accordingly, the present study explored the psychometric properties of the Perceived Social Support for Job Search Activities Scale (PSS-JSAS) in the Indian context with the help of two independent samples. First sample of 518 respondents was randomly divided into two subsamples using the random case selection feature in the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on the first subsample, which yielded a one-factor model explaining 47.23% of variations. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) conducted on the second subsample concluded a good model fit of PSS-JSAS. In the second sample, Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability values (greater than 0.70) established the scale's reliability. Results also revealed that the correlation coefficients between PSS-JSAS score, hope, self-efficacy, resilience, and optimism were 0.470, 0.552, 0.621, and 0.5 at p < 0.01. It also revealed a negative association with job search anxiety scores (r = −0.549, p < 0.01). Thus, PSS-JSAS was positively associated with PsyCap and negatively correlated with job search anxiety behaviors. It concluded the criterion validity of PSS-JSAS in the Indian context. Multigroup factor analysis concludes that the scale is equally valid for both Indian males and females. Hence, results reported adequate reliability and validity of the scale in the Indian context. These findings will encourage future researchers to investigate the phenomena of social support in the job search. • PSS-JSAS is reported as a reliable and valid tool to measure perceived social support among Indians. • Perceived social support is positively associated with psychological capital. • Perceived social support is negatively related to job search anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hospitableness is a socio-psychological phenomenon. Thus far, scientific attention to this concept has been mainly conceptual rather than empirical. One reason may be the difficulty of precisely measuring this emotionally laden concept that is felt easily but cannot be described with the same level of ease in a scientifically rigorous manner. The current study was conducted to define and measure this critical construct using a mixed-methods approach. A scale of hospitableness with structural (underlying dimensions) and psychometric (reliability and validity) properties was developed to measure the importance of hospitableness in different consumption contexts including, destination, hotel, and restaurant products. Several steps of scale development procedures resulted in a Hospitableness Scale with 10 stable items assembling into Heartwarming, Heart-assuring and Heart-soothing factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the measurement and invariance properties of the R-UCLA and de Jong Gierveld loneliness scales for research involving middle-aged and older adults. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) of data from interviews with adults aged 45-84 revealed limited support for the unidimensionality of either scale while subsequent analyses indicated the multidimensionality of both. However, method effects associated with positive and negative item wording were also evident. Multiple group CFAs provided limited support for assumptions of measurement invariance across age groups and from baseline to follow-up with regard to the R-UCLA scale. In contrast, strong measurement invariance across age groups and successive measurements was established for the bi-dimensional dJG scale. Overall, the findings supported the relative utility of the dJG scale for research involving middle-aged and older adults but suggested a need for attention to the implications of method effects associated with item wording and lack of measurement invariance with respect to item residuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Many have claimed there exists a general factor of personality. [•] We show this is a mistaken understanding of basic psychometrics. [•] We give a brief tutorial how to find a general factor. [•] We compare supposed GFPs to those found in the cognitive domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The psychometric properties of the scores on the Epistemic Belief Inventory were examined using an exploratory factor analysis (principal axis factor) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on a total sample of 1,242 elementary school teachers. Results of the EFA supported the hypothesized five-factor model but the items had loaded on different factors. Overall, the results showed that the five-factor model did not fit the data and that the EBI was not interpretable with the sample in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the psychometric properties and clinical correlates of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) in patients with psoriasis. Methods: Three hundred patients with psoriasis completed the TAS-20 and had the severity of their psoriasis clinically assessed. Test–retest reliability was assessed over 10 weeks in a subset of 71 patients receiving standard medical treatment for their psoriasis. Examination of the factor structure employed both exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analysis techniques. Results: The overall prevalence of alexithymia in this population of psoriasis patients, as indicated by the TAS-20, was 33%. The TAS-20 total score was not related to clinical severity, age, age at onset or duration of psoriasis. The 10-week test–retest reliability on a sample of 71 psoriasis patients, pre- and posttreatment with photochemotherapy, was found to be acceptable (r=.69; P<.001). EFA produced no stable solutions. The three-factor structure of the TAS-20 using CFA was also not replicable in this sample. Conclusions: The findings of this study support the contention that alexithymia is not significantly influenced by either disease severity or chronicity in patients with psoriasis. It is recommended that when employing the TAS-20 in patients with psoriasis, caution is exercised in the interpretation of the scale scores and that further psychometric evaluation of the scale is undertaken as appropriate. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Prayer is a central element of religiosity but research has focused primarily on distinguishing its types and analyzing its functional aspect. A particularly important issue is the subjective evaluation of prayer importance, which so far has not been reflected in the form of an independent psychometric tool. This is why the goal of the presented study was to develop Prayer Importance Scale (PIS) based on Tatala's definition of the concept. Two studies were conducted to verify reliability and validity of the tool. The proposed model was found to fit the data well. Correlations of PIS with basic parameters of religiosity: religious awareness, religious feelings, religious decisions, bond with a fellowship of believers, religious practices, religious morality, religious experience and forms of profession of faith were found to be significant. PIS can be a quick method providing information on the degree of religiosity and be used in participant selection in research studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Risk perception of COVID-19 is potentially a significant determinant of the pandemic evolution and the public's response to it. Acceptable levels of risk perception can be considered good for people to effectively fight the pandemic and adopt preventive health behaviors while high levels of risk perception may be damaging. Recently, Yıldırım&Güler (2020) developed the Covid-19 Perceived Risk Scale (C19PRS) to measure this construct. Objectives: To analyze the psychometric properties of the C19PRS Portuguese version, namely construct validity, internal consistency and convergent validity. Methods: A community sample of 234 adults (75.6% women; mean age= 29.53±12.51; range:16-71) completed an on-line survey with the Portuguese versions of the CPRS and the Fear of Covid-19 Scale (FCV-19S; Cabaços et al. 2020). The total sample was randomly divided in two sub-samples: sample A (n=117) was used to perform an exploratory factor analysis/EFA; sample B (n=117) to make a confirmatory factor analysis/CFA. Results: EFA resulted in three components. CFA revealed that the second-order model with three factors presented good fit indexes (X2/df=1.471; CFI=.959; GFI=.948; TLI=.932; p[RMSEA=.01] =.065). CPRS Cronbach alphas was a=.687; for F1Worry, F2 Susceptibility to Covid-19 and F3 Susceptibility to Overall Morbimortality were a=.747, a=.813 and a=.543, respectively. The total and dimensional scores significantly correlated with FCV-19S (r>.30, p<.01). Conclusions: This study provides evidence for the validity and reliability of the Portuguese version of CPRS, which will be used in an ongoing research project on the relationship between Covid-19 perceived risk, perfectionism, cognitive processes and adherence to public health measures to contain the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]