39 results on '"Peterson, Bradley S."'
Search Results
2. Deficient activity in the neural systems that mediate self-regulatory control in bulimia nervosa
- Author
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Marsh, Rachel, Steinglass, Joanna E., Gerber, Andrew J., O'Leary, Kara Graziano, Wang, Zhishun, Murphy, David, Walsh, B. Timothy, and Peterson, Bradley S.
- Subjects
Bulimia -- Development and progression ,Bulimia -- Research ,Neural circuitry -- Physiological aspects ,Neural circuitry -- Research ,Self-control -- Demographic aspects ,Self-control -- Research ,Health ,Psychology and mental health - Published
- 2009
3. Neuroimaging studies of normal brain development and their relevance for understanding childhood neuropsychiatric disorders
- Author
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Marsh, Rachel, Gerber, Andrew J., and Peterson, Bradley S.
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Child development -- Research ,Neuroimaging -- Usage ,Cognition in children -- Research ,Child psychopathology -- Development and progression ,Family and marriage ,Psychology and mental health - Abstract
Neuroimaging findings which identify n ormal brain development trajectories are presented. Results show that early brain development begins with the neural tube formation and ends with myelintation. How disturbances in brain development patterns are related to childhood psychiatric disorders is examined.
- Published
- 2008
4. Functional magnetic resonance imaging and pediatric anxiety
- Author
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Pine, Daniel S., Guyer, Amanda E., Leibenluft, Ellen, Peterson, Bradley S., and Gerber, Andrew
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Anxiety in children -- Research ,Anxiety in children -- Care and treatment ,Magnetic resonance imaging -- Usage ,Family and marriage ,Psychology and mental health - Abstract
The use of functional magnetic resonance imaging in investigating pediatric anxiety disorders is studied. Functional magnetic resonance imaging can be utilized in demonstrating parallels between the neural architecture of difference in anxiety of humans and the neural architecture of attention-orienting behavior in nonhuman primates or rodents. Implications for anxiety disorder treatments are discussed.
- Published
- 2008
5. What is an image?
- Author
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Gerber, Andrew J. and Peterson, Bradley S.
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Imaging systems -- Analysis ,Imaging systems -- Methods ,Family and marriage ,Psychology and mental health - Abstract
The article helps to understand the interpretation of an image by presenting as to what constitutes an image. A common feature in all images is the basic physical structure that can be described with a common set of terms.
- Published
- 2008
6. Morphologic features of the amygdala and hippocampus in children and adults with Tourette Syndrome
- Author
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Peterson, Bradley S., Choi, HuiMahn A., Hao, Xuejun, Amat, Jose A., Zhu, Hongtu, Whiteman, Ronald, Liu, Jun, Xu, Dongrong, and Bansal, Ravi
- Subjects
Tourette's syndrome -- Research ,Tourette's syndrome -- Physiological aspects ,Limbic system -- Research ,Limbic system -- Physiological aspects ,Magnetic resonance imaging -- Usage ,Children -- Psychological aspects ,Teenagers -- Psychological aspects ,Youth -- Psychological aspects ,Health ,Psychology and mental health - Published
- 2007
7. Reduced white matter connectivity in the corpus callosum of children with Tourette syndrome
- Author
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Plessen, Kerstin J., Gruner, Renate, Lundervold, Arvid, Hirsch, Jochen G., Dongrong Xu, Bansal, Ravi, Hammar, Asa, Lundervold, Astri J., Wentzel-Larsen, Tore, Lie, Stein Atle, Gass, Achim, Peterson, Bradley S., and Hugdahl, Kenneth
- Subjects
Tourette's syndrome -- Diagnosis ,Tourette's syndrome -- Psychological aspects ,Exceptional children -- Psychological aspects ,Brain research ,Psychology and mental health - Abstract
Corpus callosum (CC) white matter connectivity, as measured by the Fractional Anisotropy (FA) index from diffusion tensor images, is assessed in 20 clinically well-defined boys with Tourette syndrome (TS) and 20 age and gender-matched controls. Results suggest that reductions in FA in CC regions reflect either fewer interhemispheric fibers or reduced axonal myelination and FA values do not correlate significantly with the severity of the symptoms.
- Published
- 2006
8. Hippocampus and amygdala morphology in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
- Author
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Plessen, Kerstin J., Bansal, Ravi, Zhu, Hongtu, Whiteman, Ronald, Amat, Jose, Quackenbush, Georgette, A., Martin, Laura, Durkin, Kathleen, Blair, Clancy, Royal, Jason, Hugdahl, Kenneth, and Peterson, Bradley S.
- Subjects
Hippocampus (Brain) -- Research ,Amygdala (Brain) -- Research ,Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder -- Physiological aspects ,Health ,Psychology and mental health - Published
- 2006
9. Habit learning in Tourette syndrome: a translational neuroscience approach to a developmental psychopathology
- Author
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Marsh, Rachel, Alexander, Gerianne M., Packard, Mark G., Zhu, Hongtu, Wingard, Jeffrey C., Quackenbush, Georgette, and Peterson, Bradley S.
- Subjects
Tourette's syndrome -- Case studies ,Tourette's syndrome -- Diagnosis ,Psychology, Pathological -- Research ,Neuropsychological tests -- Usage ,Habituation (Neuropsychology) -- Research ,Health ,Psychology and mental health - Published
- 2004
10. Amygdala and hippocampal volumes in adolescents and adults with bipolar disorder
- Author
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Blumberg, Hillary P., Kaufman, Joan, Martin, Andres, Whiteman, Ronald, Jane Hongyuan Zhang, Gore, John C., Charney, Dennis S., Krystal John H., and Peterson, Bradley S.
- Subjects
Physiology, Pathological -- Research ,Hippocampus (Brain) -- Research ,Bipolar disorder -- Research ,Bipolar disorder -- Care and treatment ,Health ,Psychology and mental health - Published
- 2003
11. A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of bipolar disorder: state- and trait-related dysfunction in ventral prefrontal cortices
- Author
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Blumberg, Hilary P., Leung, Hoi-Chung, Skudlarski, Pawel, Lacadie, Cheryl M., Fredericks, Carolyn A., Harris, Brent C., Charney, Dennis S., Gore, John C., Krystal, John H., and Peterson, Bradley S.
- Subjects
Brain -- Physiological aspects ,Bipolar disorder -- Physiological aspects ,Health ,Psychology and mental health - Published
- 2003
12. Basal ganglia volumes in patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome
- Author
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Peterson, Bradley S., Thomas, Prakash, Kane, Michael J., Scahill, Lawrence, Zhang, Heping, Bronen, Richard, King, Robert A., Leckman, James F., and Staib, Lawrence
- Subjects
Basal ganglia -- Abnormalities ,Tourette's syndrome -- Physiological aspects ,Health ,Psychology and mental health - Published
- 2003
13. Disruptive behavior in children with Tourette's syndrome: association with ADHD comorbidity, tic severity; and functional impairment
- Author
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Sukhodolsky, Denis G., Scahill, Lawrence, Zhang, Heping, Peterson, Bradley S., King, Roberta A., Lombroso, Paul J., Katsovich, Lily, Findley, Diane, and Leckman, James F.
- Subjects
Tourette's syndrome -- Research ,Child psychopathology -- Research ,Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder -- Research ,Family and marriage ,Psychology and mental health - Published
- 2003
14. Assessment of symptom exacerbations in a longitudinal study of children with Tourette's syndrome or obsessive-compulsive disorder
- Author
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Lin, Haiqun, Yeh, Chin-Bin, Peterson, Bradley S., Scahill, Lawrence, Grantz, Heidi, Findley, Diane B., Katsovich, Liliya, Otka, Jessica, Lombroso, Paul J., King, Robert A., and Leckman, James F.
- Subjects
Child psychiatry -- Research ,Tourette's syndrome -- Development and progression ,Obsessive-compulsive disorder -- Development and progression ,Family and marriage ,Psychology and mental health - Published
- 2002
15. Basal ganglia surface morphology and the effects of stimulant medications in youth with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- Author
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Sobel, Loren J., Bansal, Ravi, Maia, Tiago V., Sanchez, Juan, Mazzone, Luigi, Durkin, Kathleen, Liu, Jun, Hao, Xuejun, Ivanov, Iliyan, Miller, Ann, Greenhill, Laurence L., and Peterson, Bradley S.
- Subjects
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder -- Diagnosis ,Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder -- Physiological aspects ,Basal ganglia -- Properties ,Morphological variation -- Research ,Health ,Psychology and mental health - Abstract
Objective: Disturbances in the basal ganglia portions of cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits likely contribute to the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The authors examined the morphologic features of the basal ganglia nuclei (caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus) in children with ADHD. Method: A total of 104 individuals (combined-type ADHD patients: N=47; healthy comparison subjects: N=57), aged 7 to 18 years, were examined in a cross-sectional case-control study using anatomical magnetic resonance imaging. Conventional volumes and the surface morphology for the basal ganglia were measured. Results: Overall volumes were significantly smaller only in the putamen. Analysis of the morphological surfaces revealed significant inward deformations in each of the three nuclei, localized primarily in portions of these nuclei that are components of limbic, associative, and sensorimotor pathways in the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits in which these nuclei reside. The more prominent these inward deformations were in the patient group, the more severe the ADHD symptoms. Surface analyses also demonstrated significant outward deformations of all basal ganglia nuclei in the ADHD children treated with stimulants compared with those ADHD youth who were untreated. These stimulant-associated enlargements were in locations similar to the reduced volumes detected in the ADHD group relative to the comparison group. The outward deformations associated with stimulant medications attenuated the statistical effects of the primary group comparisons. Conclusions: These findings potentially represent evidence of anatomical dysregulation in the circuitry of the basal ganglia in children with ADHD and suggest that stimulants may normalize morphological features of the basal ganglia in children with the disorder. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09091259
- Published
- 2010
16. Morphological abnormalities of the thalamus in youths with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- Author
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Ivanov, Iliyan, Bansal, Ravi, Hao, Xuejun, Zhu, Hongtu, Kellendonk, Cristoph, Miller, Loren, Sanchez-Pena, Juan, Miller, Ann M., Chakravarty, M. Mallar, Klahr, Kristin, Durkin, Kathleen, Greenhill, Laurence L., and Peterson, Bradley S.
- Subjects
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder -- Care and treatment ,Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder -- Complications and side effects ,Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder -- Research ,Brain diseases -- Risk factors ,Brain diseases -- Diagnosis ,Brain diseases -- Research ,Thalamus -- Health aspects ,Thalamus -- Medical examination ,Health ,Psychology and mental health - Abstract
Objective: The role of the thalamus in the genesis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remains poorly understood. The authors used anatomical MRI to examine the morphology of the thalamus in youths with ADHD and healthy comparison youths. Method: The authors examined 46 youths with ADHD and 59 comparison youths 8-18 years of age in a cross-sectional case-control study. Conventional volumes and measures of surface morphology of the thalamus served as the main outcome measures. Results: A mixed-effects model comparing whole thalamic volumes revealed no significant differences between groups. Maps of the thalamic surface revealed significantly smaller regional volumes bilaterally in the pulvinar in youths with ADHD relative to comparison subjects. Post hoc analyses showed that ADHD patients who received stimulants (N=31) had larger conventional thalamic volumes than untreated youths with ADHD, and maps of the thalamic surface showed enlargement over the pulvinar in those receiving stimulants. Smaller regional volumes in the right lateral and left posterior thalamic surfaces were associated with more severe hyperactivity symptoms, whereas larger regional volumes in the right medial thalamic surfaces were associated with more severe symptoms of inattention. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate reduced pulvinar volumes in youths with ADHD and indicate that this same area is relatively enlarged in patients treated with stimulants compared to those untreated. Associations of hyperactivity scores with smaller regional volumes on the lateral thalamic surface and inattention scores with larger regional volumes on the medial thalamic surface suggest the differential involvement of thalamic subcircuits in the pathogenesis of differing ADHD symptoms. (Am J Psychiatry 2010; 167:397-408) doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09030398
- Published
- 2010
17. An fMRI study of frontostriatal circuits during the inhibition of eye blinking in persons with Tourette syndrome
- Author
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Mazzone, Luigi, Yu, Shan, Blair, Clancy, Gunter, Benjamin C., Wang, Zhishun, Marsh, Rachel, and Peterson, Bradley S.
- Subjects
Magnetic resonance imaging -- Methods ,Tourette's syndrome -- Development and progression ,Health ,Psychology and mental health - Abstract
Objective: The authors sought to study activity in neural circuits that subserve the inhibition of a semi-involuntary motor behavior, eye blinking, in children and adults with Tourette syndrome and in healthy comparison subjects. Method: Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to scan 120 participants (51 with Tourette syndrome and 69 comparison subjects) as they either blinked normally or successfully inhibited eye blinking. The authors compared the blood-oxygen-level dependent signal during these two conditions across the Tourette and comparison groups. Results: Relative to comparison subjects, patients with Tourette syndrome activated more strongly the frontal cortex and striatum during eye blink inhibition. Activation increased more with age in the dorsolateral and inferolateral prefrontal cortex and caudate nucleus in the Tourette group relative to comparison subjects. In addition, the Tourette group more strongly activated the middle frontal gyrus, dorsal anterior cingulate, and temporal cortices. The severity of tic symptoms in the Tourette group correlated inversely with activation in the putamen and inferolateral prefrontal cortex. Conclusions: Frontostriatal activity is increased in persons with Tourette syndrome during the inhibition of eye blinks. Activation of frontostriatal circuits in this population may help to maintain regulatory control over semi-involuntary behaviors, whether these are tics or eye blinks.
- Published
- 2010
18. An fMRI study of the effects of psychostimulants on default-mode processing during Stroop task performance in youths with ADHD
- Author
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Peterson, Bradley S., Potenza, Marc N., Wang, Zhishun, Zhu, Hongtu, Martin, Andros, Marsh, Rachel, Plessen, Kerstin J., and Yu, Shan
- Subjects
Magnetic resonance imaging -- Methods ,Magnetic resonance imaging -- Usage ,Stimulants -- Psychological aspects ,Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder -- Care and treatment ,Health ,Psychology and mental health - Abstract
Objective: The authors examined the effect of psychostimulants on brain activity in children and adolescents with ADHD performing the Stroop Color and Word Test. Method: The authors acquired 52 functional MRI scans in 16 youths with ADHD who were known responders to stimulant medication and 20 healthy comparison youths. Participants with ADHD were scanned on and off medication in a counterbalanced design, and comparison subjects were scanned once without medication. Results: Stimulant medication significantly improved suppression of default-mode activity in the ventral anterior cingulate cortex in the ADHD group. When off medication, youths with ADHD were unable to suppress default-mode activity to the same degree as comparison subjects, whereas when on medication, they suppressed this activity to comparison group levels. Greater activation of the lateral prefrontal cortex when off medication predicted a greater reduction in ADHD symptoms when on medication. Granger causality analyses demonstrated that activity in the lateral prefrontal and ventral anterior cingulate cortices mutually influenced one another but that the influence of the ventral anterior cingulate cortex on the lateral prefrontal cortex was significantly reduced in youths with ADHD off medication relative to comparison subjects and increased significantly to normal levels when ADHD youths were on medication. Conclusions: Psychostimulants in youths with ADHD improved suppression of default-mode activity in the ventral anterior cingulate and posterior cingulate cortices, components of a circuit in which activity has been shown to correlate with the degree of mind-wandering during attentional tasks. Stimulants seem to improve symptoms in youths with ADHD by normalizing activity within this circuit and improving its functional interactions with the lateral prefrontal cortex. (Am J Psychiatry 2009; 166:1286-1294)
- Published
- 2009
19. Functional disturbances within frontostriatal circuits across multiple childhood psychopathologies
- Author
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Marsh, Rachel, Maia, Tiago V., and Peterson, Bradley S.
- Subjects
Diagnostic imaging -- Usage ,Self-control (Child psychology) -- Research ,Child psychopathology -- Research ,Health ,Psychology and mental health - Abstract
Objective: Neuroimaging studies of healthy individuals inform us about the normative maturation of the frontostriatal circuits that subserve self-regulatory control processes. Findings from these studies can be used as a reference frame against which to compare the aberrant development of these processes in individuals across a wide range of childhood psychopathologies. Method: The authors reviewed extensive neuroimaging evidence for the presence of abnormalities in frontostriatal circuits in children and adults with Tourette's syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) as well as a more limited number of imaging studies of adolescents and adults with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa that, together, implicate dysregulation of frontostriatal control systems in the pathogenesis of these eating disorders. Results: The presence of an impaired capacity for self-regulatory control that derives from abnormal development of frontostriatal circuits likely interacts in similar ways with normally occurring somatic sensations and motor urges, intrusive thoughts, sensations of hunger, and preoccupation with body shape and weight to contribute, respectively, to the development of the tics of Tourette's syndrome, the obsessions of OCD, the binge eating behaviors of bulimia, and the self-starvation of anorexia. Conclusions: Analogous brain mechanisms in parallel frontostriatal circuits, or even in differing portions of the same frontostriatal circuit, may underlie the differing behavioral disturbances in these multiple disorders, although further research is needed to confirm this hypothesis.
- Published
- 2009
20. Neuropsychological near normality and brain structure abnormality in schizophrenia
- Author
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Wexler, Bruce E., Zhu, Hongtu, Bell, Morris D., Nicholls, Sarah S., Fulbright, Robert K., Gore, John C., Colibazzi, Tiziano, Amat, Jose, Bansal, Ravi, and Peterson, Bradley S.
- Subjects
Cognition disorders -- Risk factors ,Cognition disorders -- Diagnosis ,Neuropsychological tests -- Usage ,Neuropsychological tests -- Health aspects ,Schizophrenia -- Complications and side effects ,Schizophrenia -- Research ,Health ,Psychology and mental health - Abstract
Objective: Cognitive deficits are prominent in schizophrenia. Patients have an average score one standard deviation below normal on a broad spectrum of cognitive tests. It has been repeatedly noted, however, that 20%-25% of patients differ from this general pattern and score close to normal on neuropsychological testing. This study used brain morphometry to 1) identify brain abnormalities associated with more severe cognitive deficits and 2) help determine whether cognitively relatively intact patients perform better because they have less severe illness or because they have a different illness. Method: Patients were assigned to a neuropsychologically near normal (N=21) subgroup if they scored within 0.5 standard deviation of healthy comparison subjects (N=30) on four tests of attention and verbal and nonverbal working memory, and to a neuropsychologically impaired (N= 54) group if they scored at least 1.0 standard deviation below that of comparison subjects. Subgroup assignments were confirmed with the California Verbal Learning Test and degraded stimulus Continuous Performance Test. Volumes of ventricular compartments, hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, cerebellum, and regional cortical gray and white matter were dependent variables. Differences among groups were evaluated by using linear mixed-model multivariate analyses with gender, age, and height as covariates. Results: Both neuropsychologically near normal and neuropsychologically impaired patients had markedly smaller gray matter and larger third ventricle volumes than healthy comparison subjects. Only neuropsychologically impaired patients, however, had significantly smaller white matter and larger lateral ventricle volumes than healthy comparison subjects. Conclusions: Although both neuropsychologically impaired and neuropsychologically near normal patients have marked neuropathology in their gray matter, the relative absence of white matter pathology in the neuropsychologically near normal group suggests the possibility of differences in the disease process.
- Published
- 2009
21. A developmental fMRI study of self-regulatory control in Tourette's syndrome
- Author
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Marsh, Rachel, Zhu, Hongtu, Wang, Zhishun, Skudlarski, Pawel, and Peterson, Bradley S.
- Subjects
Tourette's syndrome -- Physiological aspects ,Tourette's syndrome -- Case studies ,Magnetic resonance imaging -- Usage ,Health ,Psychology and mental health - Abstract
Objective: Disturbances in the maturation of neural systems that mediate self-regulatory processes may contribute to the development of Tourette's syndrome by releasing motor and vocal tics from regulatory control. The purpose of this study was to examine the age correlates of functional activity in neural circuits that subserve self-regulatory control in children and adults with Tourette's syndrome. Method: The participants were 136 children and adults, which included 66 Tourette's syndrome patients and 70 healthy comparison subjects. During performance of the Stroop interference task, the authors compared the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) bloodoxygen-level dependent response in patients with Tourette's syndrome with that of healthy comparison subjects. General linear modeling of Stroop-related activations was used to compare the differential effects of age and behavioral performance on changes in self-regulatory control between the two diagnostic groups. Results: Although the correlations of age with behavioral performance on the Stroop task were similar between patients with Tourette's syndrome and healthy comparison subjects, the two groups differed significantly in their correlations of age with the magnitude of regional brain activation during the task. Interactions of age with diagnosis were detected in the ventral prefrontal (Brodmann's areas 10 and 24) and posterior cingulate cortices (Brodmann's area 31), and post hoc analyses indicated that subjects with Tourette's syndrome deactivated these regions less with advancing age. Greater activation of bilateral frontostriatal regions (Brodmann's areas 9/46, 45/46; lenticular nucleus; and thalamus) accompanied poorer performance in the patient group, which--in the presence of normal behavioral performance on the Stroop task--suggests that greater activation of the frontostriatal systems helps to maintain task performance in individuals with Tourette's syndrome. Conclusions: Normative developmental correlates of activity in frontostriatal circuits that subserve self-regulatory control are disturbed in persons with Tourette's syndrome. These aberrant developmental correlates are likely a consequence of greater anatomical and functional disturbances in these circuits in adults with Tourette's syndrome, which leads to impaired regulation of tic behaviors. Reduced default-mode processing in ventral prefrontal and posterior cingulate cortices in adults with Tourette's syndrome suggests the presence of greater difficulty in engaging mental processes that become active when freed from the demands of more challenging cognitive tasks. However, individuals with Tourette's syndrome appear to co-opt normal developmental processes in circuits that subserve age-related improvement in self-regulatory control while presumably struggling to maintain adequate task performance.
- Published
- 2007
22. Pathogenesis of Tourette's syndrome
- Author
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Leckman, James F., Peterson, Bradley S., Anderson, George M., Arnsten, Amy F.T., Pauls, David L., and Cohen, Donald J.
- Subjects
Tourette's syndrome -- Development and progression ,Central nervous system diseases -- Development and progression ,Psychology and mental health - Abstract
Tourette's syndrome pathogenesis model includes phenomenology, natural history, genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors and neurobiological substrates. The disease has a wide range of motor and phonic tic symptoms including, sudden, repetitive movements, gestures or utterances. Twin and family studies indicate that genetic factors affect the transmission and expression of the syndrome, while epigenetic and environmental factors determine its nature and severity. Evidence suggests the involvement of cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits and certain neurotransmitters.
- Published
- 1997
23. Ferritin levels and their association with regional brain volumes in Tourette's syndrome
- Author
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Gorman, Daniel A., Zhu, Hongtu, Anderson, George M., Davies, Mark, and Peterson, Bradley S.
- Subjects
Ferritin -- Research ,Tourette's syndrome -- Research ,Tourette's syndrome -- Psychological aspects ,Health ,Psychology and mental health - Abstract
Objective:A previous small study showed lower serum ferritin levels in subjects with Tourette's syndrome than in healthy subjects. The authors measured peripheral iron indices in a large group of Tourette's syndrome and comparison subjects and explored associations of ferritin levels with regional brain volumes. Method: Ferritin was measured in 107 children and adults (63 Tourette's syndrome, 44 comparison); serum iron was measured in 73 (41 Tourette's syndrome, 32 comparison). Magnetic resonance imaging scans were used to measure volumes of the basal ganglia and cortical gray matter. Results: Ferritin and serum iron were significantly lower in the Tourette's syndrome subjects, although still within the normal range. No association was found between tic severity and either iron index. In the Tourette's syndrome subjects, ferritin did not correlate significantly with caudate volume but did correlate positively with putamen volume. In the comparison subjects, ferritin correlated inversely with caudate volume but did not correlate significantly with putamen volume. Irrespective of diagnosis, ferritin correlated positively with volumes of the sensorimotor, midtemporal, and subgenual cortices. Conclusions: The lower peripheral ferritin and iron levels in persons with Tourette's syndrome are consistent with findings in other movement disorders and suggest that lower iron availability may have a causal role in the pathophysiology of tic disorders. Lower iron stores may contribute to hypoplasia of the caudate and putamen, increasing vulnerability to developing tics or to having more severe tics. Lower iron stores may also contribute to smaller cortical volumes and consequently to reduced inhibitory control of tics.
- Published
- 2006
24. Risk factors for presenting problems in child psychiatric emergencies
- Author
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Peterson, Bradley S., Zhang, Heping, Santa Lucia, Raymond, King, Robert A., and Lewis, Melvin
- Subjects
Child psychiatry -- Research ,Risk factors (Health) -- Analysis ,Suicide -- Research ,Urban youth -- Psychological aspects ,Family and marriage ,Psychology and mental health - Published
- 1996
25. Adaptive, emotional, and family functioning of children with obsessive-compulsive disorder and comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- Author
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Sukhodolsky, Denis G., do Rosario-Campos, Maria C., Scahill, Lawrence, Katsovich, Lily, Pauls, David L., Peterson, Bradley S., King, Robert A., Lombroso, Paul J., Findley, Diane B., and Leckman, James F.
- Subjects
Obsessive-compulsive disorder ,Domestic relations ,Child psychopathology ,Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder ,Minimal brain dysfunction in children ,Health ,Psychology and mental health - Abstract
Objective: The purpose of the study was to examine adaptive, emotional, and family functioning in a well-characterized group of children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and to evaluate the influence of comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on the levels of impairment in various functional domains. Method: The study group included 287 children and adolescents (191 boys, 96 girls) ages 7-18 years. Fifty-six subjects had a diagnosis of OCD only, 43 had both OCD and ADHD, 95 had ADHD, and 93 were unaffected comparison children. Best estimate DSM-IV diagnoses were assigned on the basis of structured interviews and clinical ratings. The children's functioning was evaluated with a comprehensive battery of well-established, standardized measures, including the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, parents' ratings of social and family functioning, and children's self-reports of emotional adjustment. Results: The children with OCD only were more impaired than were unaffected comparison subjects in most areas of adaptive functioning and emotional adjustment. Children with OCD plus ADHD had additional difficulties in social functioning, school problems, and self-reported depression. Impairment in daily living skills, reduced number of activities, and self-reported anxiety were uniquely associated with the diagnosis of OCD. Family dysfunction was associated with ADHD but not with OCD. Conclusions: Children and adolescents with OCD are impaired in multiple domains of adaptive and emotional functioning. When comorbid ADHD is present, there is an additional burden on social, school, and family functioning.
- Published
- 2005
26. Neuroimaging in child and adolescent neuropsychiatric disorders
- Author
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Peterson, Bradley S.
- Subjects
Neuropsychiatry -- Research ,Child psychopathology -- Research ,Adolescent psychopathology -- Research ,Family and marriage ,Psychology and mental health - Published
- 1995
27. Risperidone treatment of children and adolescents with chronic tic disorders: a preliminary report
- Author
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Lombroso, Paul J., Scahill, Lawrence, King, Robert A., Lynch, Kimberly A., Chappell, Phillip B., Peterson, Bradley S., McDougle, Christopher J., and Leckman, James F.
- Subjects
Tic disorders -- Drug therapy ,Neuropsychiatry -- Research ,Child psychiatry -- Research ,Behavior disorders in children -- Drug therapy ,Family and marriage ,Psychology and mental health - Published
- 1995
28. Altered interhemispheric connectivity in individuals with Tourette's disorder
- Author
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Plessen, Kerstin J., Wentzel-Larsen, Tore, Hugdahl, Kenneth, Feineigle, Patricia, Klein, Joel, Staib, Lawrence H., Lekcman, James F., Bansal, Ravi, and Peterson, Bradley S.
- Subjects
Tourette's syndrome -- Research ,Health ,Psychology and mental health - Abstract
Objective: The corpus callosum is the major commissure connecting the cerebral hemispheres. Prior evidence suggests involvement of the corpus callosum in the pathophysiology of Tourette's disorder. The authors assessed corpus callosum size and anatomical connectivity across the cerebral hemispheres in persons with Tourette's disorder. Method: The size of the corpus callosum was determined on the true midsagittal slices of reformatted, high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging scans and compared across groups in a cross-sectional case-control study of 158 subjects with Tourette's disorder and 121 healthy corn parison subjects, ages 5-65 years. Results: In the context of increasing mid-sagittal corpus callosum area from childhood to age 30 years, children with Tourette's disorder had smaller overall corpus callosum size, whereas adults with Tourette's disorder on average had larger corpus callosum size, yielding a prominent interaction of diagnosis with age. Corpus callosum size correlated positively with tic severity. Corpus callosum size also correlated inversely with dorsolateral prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortical volumes in both the subjects with Tourette's disorder and the comparison subjects, but the magnitudes of the correlations were significantly greater in the group with Tourette's disorder The effects of medication and comorbid illnesses had no appreciable influence on the findings. Conclusions: Given prior evidence for the role of prefrontal hypertrophy in the regulation of tic symptoms, the current findings suggest that neural plasticity may contribute to smaller corpus callosum size in persons with Tourette's disorder, which thereby limits neuronal trafficking across the cerebral hemispheres and reduces in put to cortical inhibitory interneurons within the prefrontal cortices. Reduced inhibitory input may in turn enhance prefrontal excitation, thus helping to control tics and possibly contributing to the cortical hyperexcitatibility reported previously in patients with Tourette's disorder.
- Published
- 2004
29. An fMRI stroop task study of ventromedial prefrontal cortical function in pathological gamblers
- Author
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Potenza, Mark N., Leung, Hoi-Chung, Blumberg, Hilary P., Peterson, Bradley S., Fulbright, Robert K., Lacadie, Cheryl M., Skudlarski, Pawel, and Gore, John C.
- Subjects
Prefrontal cortex -- Research ,Health ,Psychology and mental health - Abstract
Objective: Function of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex has been implicated in impulse control. The authors used the Stroop paradigm to test attention and response inhibition during the presentation of congruent and incongruent stimuli in male pathological gamblers and a group of comparison subjects. Method: Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine ventromedial prefrontal cortex function during Stroop performance. Results: In response to infrequent in-congruent stimuli, pathological gamblers demonstrated decreased activity in the left ventromedial prefrontal cortex relative to the comparison subjects. Both groups demonstrated similar activity changes in multiple brain regions, including activation of the dorsal anterior cingulate and dorsolateral frontal cortex. Conclusions: Pathological gamblers share many neural correlates of Stroop task performance with healthy subjects but differ in a brain region previously implicated in disorders characterized by poor impulse control.
- Published
- 2003
30. An animal model of Tourette's syndrome
- Author
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Taylor, Jane R., Morshed, Syed A., Parveen, Salina, Mercadante, Marcos T., Scahill, Lawrence, Peterson, Bradley S., King, Robert A., Leckman, James F., and Lombroso, Paul J.
- Subjects
Tourette's syndrome -- Research ,Laboratory animals -- Usage ,Health ,Psychology and mental health - Abstract
Objective: An animal model was used to investigate an autoimmune etiology for some cases of Tourette's syndrome. Method: Sera from 12 patients with Tourette's syndrome with high levels of antineural or antinuclear antibodies were infused bilaterally into the ventrolateral striatum of rats. Sera from 12 additional Tourette's syndrome patients and 12 normal subjects (both groups with low levels of autoantibodies) were infused for comparison. Rates of oral stereotypies were recorded by observers who were blind to the origin of the infused sera. Results: Oral stereotypies significantly increased in the rats infused with sera from the patients with high levels of autoantibodies. Conclusions: The results are consistent with an autoimmune etiology in a subset of cases of Tourette's syndrome.
- Published
- 2002
31. Brain morphometry using anatomical magnetic resonance imaging
- Author
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Bansal, Ravi, Gerber, Andrew J., and Peterson, Bradley S.
- Subjects
Magnetic resonance imaging -- Usage ,Psychic trauma in children -- Research ,Family and marriage ,Psychology and mental health - Abstract
The efficacy of anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in studying the morphological features of various regions of the brain is described, also providing the steps used in the processing and studying of the images. The ability to correlate these features with several clinical and psychological measures can help in using anatomical MRI to study childhood psychiatric disorders.
- Published
- 2008
32. Symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder
- Author
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Leckman, James F., Grice, Dorothy E., Boardman, James, Zhang, Heping, Vitale, Amy, Bondi, Colin, Alsobrook, John, Peterson, Bradley S., Cohen, Donald J., Rasmussen, Steven A., Goodman, Wayne K., McDougle, Christopher J., and Pauls, David L.
- Subjects
Obsessive-compulsive disorder -- Research ,Psychiatric research -- Analysis ,Health ,Psychology and mental health - Abstract
Objective: Obsessive-compulsive disorder encompasses a broad range of symptoms that represent multiple psychological domains, including perception, cognition, emotion, social relatedness, and diverse motor behaviors. The purpose of these analyses was to evaluate the correlational relationships of the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Method: This study examined the 13 a priori categories used to group types of obsessions and compulsions in the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale symptom checklist in two independent groups of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (N=208 and N=98). A principal-components factor analysis with a varimax rotation was performed, followed by a series of other exploratory analyses. Results: The two data sets yielded nearly identical results. Four factors - obsessions and checking, symmetry and ordering, cleanliness and washing, and hoarding - emerged in each data set, in total accounting for more than 60% of the variance. Conclusions: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a multidimensional and etiologically heterogeneous condition. The four symptom dimensions identified in this study are largely congruent with those identified in earlier reports. These factors may be of value in future genetic, neurobiological, and treatment response studies.
- Published
- 1997
33. Increased number of subcortical hyperintensities on MRI in children and adolescents with Tourette's syndrome, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- Author
-
Amat, Jose A., Bronen, Richard A., Saluja, Sanjay, Sato, Noriko, Zhu, Hongtu, Gorman, Daniel A., Royal, Jason, and Peterson, Bradley S.
- Subjects
Tourette's syndrome -- Research ,Obsessive-compulsive disorder -- Research ,Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder -- Research ,Child psychiatry -- Research ,Neurological research ,Health ,Psychology and mental health - Abstract
Objective: To investigate whether cerebral hyperintensities on [T.sub.2]-weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI) are associated with childhood neuropsychiatric disorders. Method: The authors compared the frequency of cortical and subcortical cerebral hyperintensities in 100 children and adolescents with Tourette's syndrome, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 32 healthy comparison subjects. Results: The frequency of cerebral hyperintensities was significantly higher in subjects with Tourette's syndrome, OCD, or ADHD than in healthy comparison subjects; each diagnostic group seemed to contribute to this effect. Among the patient groups, the likelihood of detecting cerebral hyperintensities in the subcortex (primarily the basal ganglia and thalamus) was significantly greater than in the cortex. Conclusions: A childhood diagnosis of Tourette's syndrome, OCD, or ADHD significantly increased the likelihood of detecting cerebral hyperintensities, particularly in the subcortex, supporting the notion that subcortical injury may play a role in the pathophysiology of these conditions.
- Published
- 2006
34. Frontostriatal abnormalities in adolescents with bipolar disorder: preliminary observations from functional MRI
- Author
-
Blumberg, Hilary P., Martin, Andres, Kaufman, Joan, Leung, Hoi-Chung, Skudlarski, Pawel, Lacadie, Cheryl, Fulbright, Robert K., Gore, John C., Charney, Dennis S., Krystal, John H., and Peterson, Bradley S.
- Subjects
Bipolar disorder -- Research ,Youth -- Psychological aspects ,Teenagers ,Prefrontal cortex -- Research ,Health ,Psychology and mental health - Abstract
Objective: This study investigated whether the functional abnormalities in prefrontal systems observed in adult bipolar disorder are manifested in adolescents with this illness. Method: Ten adolescents with bipolar disorder and 10 healthy comparison subjects participated in a color-naming Stroop task during event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Signal increases in the left putamen and thalamus were significantly greater in the bipolar disorder group than in the healthy group. Age correlated positively with signal increases in the bilateral rostroventral prefrontal cortex and the striatum in the healthy group but not in the bipolar disorder group. In the bipolar disorder subjects, depressive symptoms correlated positively with signal increases in the ventral striatum. Conclusions: These findings suggest the presence of dysfunction in the subcortical portions of the frontostriatal circuits in adolescents with bipolar disorder. The absence of the prefrontal abnormalities that were observed previously in adults and the absence of the age-related increases in prefrontal activity observed in normal comparison subjects suggest that a developmental disturbance in prefrontal function may emerge in bipolar disorder over the course of adolescence.
- Published
- 2003
35. Prospective, Longitudinal Study of Tic, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders in an Epidemiological Sample
- Author
-
PETERSON, BRADLEY S., PINE, DANIEL S., COHEN, PATRICIA, and BROOK, JUDITH S.
- Subjects
Tic disorders -- Case studies ,Obsessive-compulsive disorder -- Case studies ,Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder -- Case studies ,Family and marriage ,Psychology and mental health - Published
- 2001
36. Regional Brain and Ventricular Volumes in Tourette Syndrome
- Author
-
Peterson, Bradley S., Staib, Lawrence, Scahill, Lawrence, Zhang, Heping, Anderson, Carol, Leckman, James F., Cohen, Donald J., Gore, John C., Albert, John, and Webster, Rebecca
- Subjects
Tourette's syndrome -- Physiological aspects ,Brain -- Abnormalities ,Health ,Psychology and mental health - Published
- 2001
37. Preliminary Findings of Antistreptococcal Antibody Titers and Basal Ganglia Volumes in Tic, Obsessive-compulsive, and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders
- Author
-
Peterson, Bradley S., Leckman, James F., Tucker, Daniel, Scahill, Lawrence, Staib, Lawrence, Zhang, Heping, King, Robert, Cohen, Donald J., Gore, John C., and Lombroso, Paul
- Subjects
Obsessive-compulsive disorder -- Causes of ,Tic disorders -- Causes of ,Streptococcal infections -- Complications ,Health ,Psychology and mental health - Published
- 2000
38. A Putative Poststreptococcal Case of OCD with Chronic Tic Disorder, Not Otherwise Specified
- Author
-
TUCKER, DANIEL M., LECKMAN, JAMES F., SCAHILL, LAWRENCE, WILF, GUITA EPSTEIN, LaCAMERA, ROBERT, CARDONA, LAURIE, COHEN, PHYLLIS, HEIDMANN, SAYLOR, GOLDSTEIN, JONATHAN, JUDGE, JOAN, SNYDER, EDWARD, BULT, ABEL, PETERSON, BRADLEY S., KING, ROBERT, and LOMBROSO, PAUL
- Subjects
Tic disorders -- Care and treatment ,Neuropsychiatry -- Case studies ,Obsessive-compulsive disorder -- Case studies ,Family and marriage ,Psychology and mental health - Published
- 1996
39. A Putative Poststreptococcal Case of OCD with Chronic Tic Disorder, Not Otherwise Specified
- Author
-
TUCKER, DANIEL M., LECKMAN, JAMES F., SCAHILL, LAWRENCE, WILF, GUITA EPSTEIN, LACAMERA, ROBERT, CARDONA, LAURIE, COHEN, PHYLLIS, HEIDMANN, SAYLOR, GOLDSTEIN, JONATHAN, JUDGE, JOAN, SNYDER, EDWARD, BULT, ABEL, PETERSON, BRADLEY S., KING, ROBERT, and LOMBROSO, PAUL
- Subjects
Tic disorders -- Evaluation ,Obsessive-compulsive disorder -- Diagnosis ,Magnetic resonance imaging -- Methods ,Family and marriage ,Psychology and mental health - Published
- 1996
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