573 results
Search Results
2. Using Adhesive Patterning to Construct 3D Paper Microfluidic Devices.
- Author
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Kalish, Brent and Tsutsui, Hideaki
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Biochemistry and Cell Biology ,Biological Sciences ,Bioengineering ,Adhesives ,Aerosols ,Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ,Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ,Paper ,Issue 110 ,Paper microfluidics ,nonplanar ,origami ,aerosol adhesive ,three-dimensional ,stencil ,patterning ,Psychology ,Cognitive Sciences ,Biochemistry and cell biology - Abstract
We demonstrate the use of patterned aerosol adhesives to construct both planar and nonplanar 3D paper microfluidic devices. By spraying an aerosol adhesive through a metal stencil, the overall amount of adhesive used in assembling paper microfluidic devices can be significantly reduced. We show on a simple 4-layer planar paper microfluidic device that the optimal adhesive application technique and device construction style depends heavily on desired performance characteristics. By moderately increasing the overall area of a device, it is possible to dramatically decrease the wicking time and increase device success rates while also reducing the amount of adhesive required to keep the device together. Such adhesive application also causes the adhesive to form semi-permanent bonds instead of permanent bonds between paper layers, enabling single-use devices to be non-destructively disassembled after use. Nonplanar 3D origami devices also benefit from the semi-permanent bonds during folding, as it reduces the likelihood that unrelated faces may accidently stick together. Like planar devices, nonplanar structures see reduced wicking times with patterned adhesive application vs uniformly applied adhesive.
- Published
- 2016
3. Comparing Perceptions of Literary Quality
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van Dalen-Oskam, Karina, Groes, Bas, Byrne, Aidan, Harvey, Peter, Leguina, Adrian, Mercer, Tom, Wilton, Demi-Mae, Scholger, Walter, Vogeler, Georg, Tasovac, Toma, Baillot, Anne, Raunig, Elisabeth, Scholger, Martina, Steiner, Elisabeth, Centre for Information Modelling, and Helling, Patrick
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Paper ,computational linguistics ,cultural analytics ,Short Presentation ,sociology of art ,canon formation ,Literary studies ,text mining and analysis ,computational literary studies ,psychology ,Cultural studies - Abstract
We present a comparison of the results of the projects Novel Perceptions (2021-2023, United Kingdom) and The Riddle of Literary Quality (2012-2019, Netherlands), both combining a computational analysis of a corpus of 400 novels with the outcomes of a large survey in which readers shared their opinions about these novels.
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Exordium of Anxiety in Harold Pinter's The Room.
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Pravindh, R. and Dinakaran, P.
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PAPER ,EMOTIONAL state ,IMAGE ,GESTURE ,REPETITION (Aesthetics) ,MONOLOGUE - Abstract
This paper tries to examine the methods of presentation of anxiety in Harold Pinter's The Room, recognising the imagistic method to be his favoured method of presenting emotional states, and looking at the variety of images that abound in this play. The different types of anxiety manifested by the characters are categorised against the background of this analysis. The pervading influence of psychology and the subtle impact of political issues found to underlie the anxiety of the characters in the play are identified. A different variety of anxiety manifested by characters in Pinter's play is categorised. This study makes an endeavour to examine the play of Pinter taking the ideas that lie locked beneath the words and the gestures in them. Sometimes the words in this play do not seem to convey any idea. The images he creates, the ironies in him, automatic repetitions, monologues and all give particular shades of meaning to words in different contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
5. Is psychosis a syndemic manifestation of historical and contemporary adversity? Findings from UK Biobank
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Roisin Mooney, Kamaldeep Bhui, Kristoffer Halvorsrud, and Georgina M. Hosang
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Paper ,Psychosis ,Ethnic group ,Psychological intervention ,Logistic regression ,Disease cluster ,Structural equation modeling ,Syndemic ,Risk Factors ,medicine ,Humans ,Child ,adversity ,Biological Specimen Banks ,medicine.disease ,General Adult ,United Kingdom ,social deprivation ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Social deprivation ,Psychotic Disorders ,inflammation ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
BackgroundPsychosis is associated with many forms of adversity, deprivation and living in urban areas.AimsTo investigate whether psychosis is part of a syndemic of multiple adversities.MethodDrawing on UK Biobank (UKBB) data (Project ID: 57601), we sought to understand mechanisms by which childhood, recent/contemporary and place-based adversities might cluster and interact to be implicated in pathways by which psychoses evolve. We investigated the associations between adversities, potential mediating inflammatory markers and ICD-10 diagnoses (F20–F31) of psychotic disorders. We fitted logistic regression models initially including all relevant candidate variables and used backwards deletion to retain theoretically plausible and statistically significant (P < 0.05) associations with psychotic disorders. The candidate variables were entered in a partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) to test for syndemic interactions between risk factors. We tested whether the findings were sensitive to demographics, gender and ethnicity.ResultsWe fitted a PLS-SEM including psychosis as a syndemic outcome, and identified three latent constructs: lifetime adversity, current adversity and biomarkers. Factor loadings were above 0.30, and all structural paths were significant (P < 0.05). There were moderate associations between lifetime adversity and current adversity (standardised coefficient s.c. = 0.178) and between current adversity and biomarkers (s.c. = 0.227). All three latent constructs showed small but significant associations with psychosis (s.c. < 0.04). Lifetime adversity and current adversity were more strongly associated among ethnic minorities (combined) than White British people.ConclusionsOur findings stress the importance of interactions between childhood and contemporary adversities in preventive and therapeutic interventions for psychotic disorders, especially among ethnic minorities.
- Published
- 2021
6. Everyday Music in Infancy
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Caitlin M. Fausey and Jennifer K. Mendoza
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Paper ,LENA ,Soundscape ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Ecology (disciplines) ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Developmental Psychology ,Identity (social science) ,input ,Context (language use) ,Musical ,daylong ,050105 experimental psychology ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Child Psychology ,music ,infancy ,Everyday life ,development ,everyday ecologies ,Language ,Vocal music ,05 social sciences ,Infant ,enculturation ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences ,Sound ,Enculturation ,Papers ,natural statistics ,Auditory Perception ,Voice ,bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences ,Psychology ,environment ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Infants enculturate to their soundscape over the first year of life, yet theories of how they do so rarely make contact with details about the sounds available in everyday life. Here, we report on properties of a ubiquitous early ecology in which foundational skills get built: music. We captured daylong recordings from 35 infants ages 6-12 months at home and fully double-coded 467 hours of everyday sounds for music and its features, tunes, and voices. Analyses of this first-of-its-kind corpus revealed two distributional properties of infants’ everyday musical ecology. First, infants encountered vocal music in over half, and instrumental in over three-quarters, of everyday music. Live sources generated one-third, and recorded sources three-quarters, of everyday music. Second, infants did not encounter each individual tune and voice in their day equally often. Instead, the most available identity cumulated to many more seconds of the day than would be expected under a uniform distribution. These properties of the everyday musical ecology in human infancy are different from what is discoverable in environments highly constrained by context (e.g., laboratories) and time (e.g., minutes rather than hours). Together with recent insights about the everyday motor, language, and visual ecologies of infancy, these findings reinforce an emerging priority to build theories of development that address the opportunities and challenges of real input encountered by real learners.
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Time use and mental health in UK adults during an 11-week COVID-19 lockdown: a panel analysis
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Andrew Steptoe, Daisy Fancourt, Hei Wan Mak, and Feifei Bu
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Paper ,Adult ,Isolation (health care) ,PsycINFO ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Environmental health ,Pandemic ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,life satisfaction ,Pandemics ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Life satisfaction ,COVID-19 ,anxiety ,Mental health ,United Kingdom ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Panel analysis ,Mental Health ,depression ,Communicable Disease Control ,Anxiety ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Time use ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
BackgroundThere is currently major concern about the impact of the global COVID-19 outbreak on mental health. But it remains unclear how individual behaviours could exacerbate or protect against adverse changes in mental health.AimsTo examine the associations between specific activities (or time use) and mental health and well-being among people during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodData were from the UCL COVID-19 Social Study, a panel study collecting data weekly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analytical sample consisted of 55 204 adults living in the UK who were followed up for the 11-week strict lockdown period from 21 March to 31 May 2020. Data were analysed using fixed-effects and Arellano–Bond models.ResultsChanges in time spent on a range of activities were associated with changes in mental health and well-being. After controlling for bidirectionality, behaviours involving outdoor activities such as gardening and exercising predicted subsequent improvements in mental health and well-being, whereas increased time spent following news about COVID-19 predicted declines in mental health and well-being.ConclusionsThese results are relevant to the formulation of guidance for people obliged to spend extended periods in isolation during health emergencies and may help the public to maintain well-being during future lockdowns and pandemics.
- Published
- 2022
8. THE INFLUENCE OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON ANXIETY AND DEFENSE MECHANISMS OF PEOPLE DIAGNOSED WITH GLAUCOMA.
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ROŞCA, ANDRA CĂTĂLINA and CIURARU, ANDREEA - CRISTINA
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EMOTIONAL intelligence , *ANXIETY disorders , *GLAUCOMA diagnosis , *PATIENTS - Abstract
The objective of this present cross-sectional study is to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence, anxiety and defence mechanisms in patients diagnosed with glaucoma. Although the current literature unequivocally suggests increasing anxiety in chronically ill patients, there is little empirical research addressing the influence of emotional intelligence on defence mechanisms and anxiety in patients diagnosed with glaucoma. The authors proposed a set of hypotheses that aim to address precisely these issues. Fifty glaucoma patients were assessed for anxiety, emotional inteligence and defence mechanisms with the Somatic, Cognitive, Behavioral Anxiety Inventory (SCBA), the Adaptation of the Defensive Style Questionnaire (DSQ) and the Assessing Emotions Scale (AES). Data analysis reveals confirmation for a number of assumptions, as well as uncertainty for others, fact which encourages discussions for future research on people suffering from glaucoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
9. Exploring reasons for variations in anxiety after testing positive for human papillomavirus with normal cytology: a comparative qualitative study
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Jo Waller, Laura A.V. Marlow, Kirsty F Bennett, Emily McBride, and Selma Stearns
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Adult ,Paper ,HPV ,cervical cancer ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Emotions ,Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Anxiety ,psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,medicine ,Humans ,Mass Screening ,cancer ,cervical screening ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Papillomaviridae ,Early Detection of Cancer ,media_common ,Vaginal Smears ,Cervical cancer ,Cervical screening ,Papillomavirus Infections ,Middle Aged ,Uterine Cervical Dysplasia ,medicine.disease ,Mental health ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Locus of control ,Oncology ,psycho‐oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Papers ,cytology ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Worry ,Attribution ,Psychology ,Stress, Psychological ,mental health ,Qualitative research ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Objective To explore reasons for variations in anxiety in women testing positive for human papillomavirus (HPV) with normal cytology at routine HPV primary cervical cancer screening. Methods In‐depth interviews were conducted with 30 women who had tested HPV‐positive with normal cytology, including 15 with low‐to‐normal anxiety and 15 with high anxiety. Data were analysed using Framework Analysis to compare themes between low and high anxiety groups. Results Several HPV‐related themes were shared across anxiety groups, but only highly anxious women expressed fear and worry, fatalistic cognitions about cancer, fertility‐related cognitions, adverse physiological responses and changes in health behaviour(s). In comparison to those with low anxiety, women with high anxiety more strongly voiced cognitions about the 12‐month wait for follow‐up screening, relationship infidelity, a lower internal locus of control and HPV‐related symptom attributions. Conclusions Receiving an HPV‐positive with normal cytology result related to various emotional, cognitive, behavioural and physiological responses; some of which were specific to, or more pronounced in, women with high anxiety. If our observations are confirmed in hypothesis‐driven quantitative studies, the identification of distinct themes relevant to women experiencing high anxiety can inform targeted patient communications and HPV primary screening implementation policy., Highlights To our knowledge, this is the first qualitative study to explore anxiety in women testing human papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive with normal cytology at routine HPV primary screening.Our comparative qualitative design allowed thematic nuances to emerge between women who had experienced low versus high anxiety following their result.Only highly anxious women expressed fear and worry, fatalistic cognitions about cancer, fertility‐related cognitions, adverse physiological responses and changes in health behaviour(s).Highly anxious women also more strongly voiced cognitions about the 12‐month wait for follow‐up screen, reltionship infidelity, a lower internal locus of control and HPV‐related symptom attributions.These distinct themes can be used to minimise unnecessary anxiety through the development of evidence‐based patient communications at HPV primary screening.
- Published
- 2020
10. Tailoring virtual human‐delivered interventions: A digital intervention promoting colorectal cancer screening for Black women
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Thomas J. George, Benjamin Lok, Peter J. Carek, Janice L. Krieger, Fatemeh Tavassoli, Mohan Zalake, Lauren N. Griffin, François Modave, Danyell S Wilson-Howard, and Melissa J. Vilaro
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Paper ,Technology ,Psychological intervention ,Psycho-oncology ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Intervention (counseling) ,Cancer screening ,Credibility ,Humans ,Mass Screening ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Health communication ,Aged ,Medical education ,cues ,colorectal neoplasms ,Focus Groups ,Middle Aged ,Patient Acceptance of Health Care ,Focus group ,Telemedicine ,early detection of cancer ,Black or African American ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Health Communication ,Oncology ,psycho‐oncology ,Occult Blood ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,Psychology ,internet‐based intervention ,qualitative research ,Qualitative research - Abstract
Objective Despite efforts to reduce cancer disparities, Black women remain underrepresented in cancer research. Virtual health assistants (VHAs) are one promising digital technology for communicating health messages and promoting health behaviors to diverse populations. This study describes participant responses to a VHA‐delivered intervention promoting colorectal cancer (CRC) screening with a home‐stool test. Methods We recruited 53 non‐Hispanic Black women 50 to 73 years old to participate in focus groups and think‐aloud interviews and test a web‐based intervention delivered by a race‐ and gender‐concordant VHA. A user‐centered design approach prioritized modifications to three successive versions of the intervention based on participants' comments. Results Participants identified 26 cues relating to components of the VHA's credibility, including trustworthiness, expertise, and authority. Comments on early versions revealed preferences for communicating with a human doctor and negative critiques of the VHA's appearance and movements. Modifications to specific cues improved the user experience, and participants expressed increased willingness to engage with later versions of the VHA and the screening messages it delivered. Informed by the Modality, Agency, Interactivity, Navigability Model, we present a framework for developing credible VHA‐delivered cancer screening messages. Conclusions VHAs provide a systematic way to deliver health information. A culturally sensitive intervention designed for credibility promoted user interest in engaging with guideline‐concordant CRC screening messages. We present strategies for effectively using cues to engage audiences with health messages, which can be applied to future research in varying contexts.
- Published
- 2020
11. Comparison of electric hand dryers and paper towels for hand hygiene: a critical review of the literature
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Kelly A. Reynolds, Jonathan D. Sexton, A. Norman, and D.J. McClelland
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Paper ,Infection risk ,media_common.quotation_subject ,electric dryer ,Review Article ,Multiple methods ,air dryer ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Scientific evidence ,paper towel ,03 medical and health sciences ,Human health ,Electricity ,Microbial risk ,Hygiene ,hand hygiene ,Humans ,Relevance (law) ,Statistical analysis ,Review Articles ,030304 developmental biology ,media_common ,0303 health sciences ,Actuarial science ,030306 microbiology ,General Medicine ,Hand ,hand dryer ,Psychology ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Summary Numerous studies are published on the benefits of electric hand dryers vs paper towels (PT) for drying hands after washing. Data are conflicting and lacking key variables needed to assess infection risks. We provide a rapid scoping review on hand‐drying methods relative to hygiene and health risks. Controlled vocabulary terms and keywords were used to search PubMed (1946–2018) and Embase (1947–2018). Multiple researchers independently screened abstracts for relevance using predetermined criteria and created a quality assessment scoring system for relative study comparisons. Of 293 papers, 23 were included in the final analysis. Five studies did not compare multiple methods; however, 2 generally favoured electric dryers (ED); 7 preferred PT; and 9 had mixed or statistically insignificant results (among these, 3 contained scenarios favourable to ED, 4 had results supporting PT, and the remaining studies had broadly conflicting results). Results were mixed among and within studies and many lacked consistent design or statistical analysis. The breadth of data does not favour one method as being more hygienic. However, some authors extended generalizable recommendations without sufficient scientific evidence. The use of tools in quantitative microbial risk assessment is suggested to evaluate health exposure potentials and risks relative to hand‐drying methods. We found no data to support any human health claims associated with hand‐drying methods. Inconclusive and conflicting results represent data gaps preventing the advancement of hand‐drying policy or practice recommendations.
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- 2020
12. Daily received support and relational functioning in <scp>HCT</scp> survivors and their caregivers
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Aleksandra Kroemeke and Małgorzata Sobczyk-Kruszelnicka
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Paper ,Adult ,Male ,Relationship satisfaction ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Context (language use) ,Personal Satisfaction ,Stress level ,03 medical and health sciences ,Social support ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cancer Survivors ,Neoplasms ,patient‐caregiver dyads ,cancer ,Humans ,relationship satisfaction ,In patient ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Aged ,Hematopoietic cell ,adjustment ,Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ,Social Support ,Middle Aged ,Moderation ,Transplantation ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Caregivers ,Oncology ,HCT ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Papers ,Quality of Life ,daily‐diary study ,Female ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Objectives Numerous authors have expressed their interest in adjustment and social support in the context of cancer. However, none of the previous studies has directly examined the models describing the links between daily social support and adjustment fluctuation, particularly at the relational level. This study aimed to verify the additive and buffering models of daily received support regarding the relational level of patient‐caregiver relationship, that is, the relationship‐related stress and relationship satisfaction following hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Methods Two hundred patient‐caregiver dyads participated in a 28‐day diary study that was started on the first day after post‐HCT discharge. The participants rated the extent of daily relationship‐related stress, relationship satisfaction, and received support every evening during the study. The analyses were based on the actor‐partner interdependence moderation model. Results Daily deviations in received support were directly associated with concurrent and lagged daily deviations in relationship satisfaction, regardless of relationship‐related stress level in both patients and caregivers. In addition, in caregivers, the effect of daily deviations in received support on relationship satisfaction depended on deviations in relationship‐related stress and was significant on the days with higher relationship‐related stress. Conclusions The findings supported both the additive (in patients and caregivers) and the buffering hypotheses (in caregivers) of daily received support in patient‐caregiver dyads during the first month following HCT. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are further highlighted.
- Published
- 2020
13. The Base Rate Study: Developing Base Rates for Risk Factors and Indicators for Engagement in Violent Extremism†
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Clemmow, Caitlin, Schumann, Sandy, Salman, Nadine L., and Gill, Paul
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Paper ,Adult ,Male ,Population ,Poison control ,Datasets as Topic ,Sample (statistics) ,01 natural sciences ,Suicide prevention ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,unmatched count technique ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Injury prevention ,online survey methods ,Genetics ,violent extremism ,Humans ,030216 legal & forensic medicine ,education ,Prolific ,base rates ,education.field_of_study ,Psychiatry & Behavioral Science ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Human factors and ergonomics ,risk assessment ,social sciences ,terrorism ,lone‐actor terrorism ,Forensic Psychiatry ,16. Peace & justice ,0104 chemical sciences ,threat assessment ,Unmatched count ,Papers ,Female ,Psychology ,Risk assessment ,Demography - Abstract
Improvements have been made in identifying the prevalence of risk factors/indicators for violent extremism. A consistent problem is the lack of base rates. How to develop base rates is of equal concern. This study has two aims: (i) compare two methods for developing base rates; the Unmatched Count Technique (UCT) and direct questioning, (ii) generate base rates in a general population sample and compare these to a sample of lone‐actor terrorists (n = 125). We surveyed 2108 subjects from the general population. Participants were recruited from an online access panel and randomly assigned to one of three conditions; direct survey, control, or UCT. Survey items were based on a lone‐actor terrorist codebook developed from the wider literature. Direct questioning was more suitable under our study conditions where UCT resulted in deflation effects. Comparing the base rates identified a number of significant differences: (i) lone‐actor terrorists demonstrated propensity indicators related to a cognitive susceptibility, and a crime‐ and/or violence‐supportive morality more often; the general sample demonstrated protective factors more often, (ii) lone‐actor terrorists demonstrated situational indicators related to a crime‐ and/or violence‐supportive morality more often, whereas the general sample experienced situational stressors more often, (iii) lone‐actor terrorists demonstrated indicators related to exposure to extremism more often. Results suggest there are measurable differences in the prevalence of risk factors between lone‐actor terrorists and the general population. However, no single factor “predicts” violent extremism. This bears implications for our understanding of the interrelation of risk and protective factors, and for the risk assessment of violent extremism.
- Published
- 2020
14. Impact of electronic versus paper-based recording before EHR implementation on healthcare professionals' perceptions of EHR use, data quality, data reuse
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Ameen Abu-Hanna, Martine C. de Bruijne, Erik Joukes, Ronald Cornet, Nicolette F. de Keizer, Public and occupational health, APH - Methodology, APH - Quality of Care, APH - Digital Health, Medical Informatics, APH - Aging & Later Life, and APH - Global Health
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Adult ,Male ,Paper ,020205 medical informatics ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Health Personnel ,MEDLINE ,Health Informatics ,02 engineering and technology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health Information Management ,Electronic health record ,Perception ,Health care ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Electronic Health Records ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,media_common ,Medical education ,business.industry ,Attitude to Computers ,Data reuse ,Paper based ,Middle Aged ,University hospital ,Computer Science Applications ,Data Accuracy ,Data quality ,Regression Analysis ,Female ,business ,Psychology - Abstract
Background The implementation of an electronic health record (EHR) with structured and standardized recording of patient data can improve data quality and reusability. Whether and how users perceive these advantages may depend on the preimplementation situation. Objective To determine whether the influence of implementing a structured and standardized EHR on perceived EHR use, data quality, and data reuse differed for users working with paper-based records versus a legacy EHR before implementation. Methods We used an electronic questionnaire to measure users' perception before implementation (2014), expected change, and perceived change after implementation (2016) on three themes. We included all health care professionals in two university hospitals in the Netherlands. Before jointly implementing the same structured and standardized EHR, one hospital used paper-based records and the other a legacy EHR. We compared perceptions before and after implementation for both centers. Additionally, we compared expected benefit with perceived benefit. Results We received 7,611 responses (4,537 before and 3,074 after implementation) of which 5,707 (75%) were from professionals reading and recording patient data. A total of 975 (13%) professionals responded to both before and after implementation questionnaires. In the formerly paper-based center staff perceived improvement in all themes after implementation. The legacy EHR center experienced deterioration of perceived EHR use and data reuse, and only one improvement in EHR use. In both centers, for half of the aspects at least 45% of responders experienced results worse than expected preimplementation. Conclusion Our results indicate that the preimplementation recording practice impacts the perceived effect of the implementation of a structured and standardized EHR. For almost half of the respondents the new EHR did not meet their expectations. Especially legacy EHR centers need to investigate the expectations as these might be different and less clear cut than those in paper-based centers. These expectations need to be addressed appropriately to achieve a successful implementation.
- Published
- 2019
15. Personality predicts innovation and social learning in children: Implications for cultural evolution
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Rachel L. Kendal, Bruce Rawlings, and Emma Flynn
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Agreeableness ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Individuality ,imitation ,Cultural Evolution ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Openness to experience ,Humans ,Personality ,cultural evolution ,Child ,Sociocultural evolution ,individual differences ,media_common ,PAPERS ,Conscientiousness ,Creativity ,Social learning ,Social Learning ,innovation ,personality ,PAPER ,Psychology ,Imitation ,Social psychology - Abstract
Innovation and social learning are the pillars of cultural evolution, allowing cultural behaviours to cumulatively advance over generations. Yet, little is known about individual differences in the use of social and asocial information. We examined whether personality influenced 7-11-year-old children's (N = 282) propensity to elect to observe others first or independently generate solutions to novel problems. Conscientiousness was associated with electing for no demonstrations, while agreeableness was associated with opting for demonstrations. For children receiving demonstrations, openness to experience consistently predicted deviation from observed methods. Children who opted for no demonstrations were also more likely than those opting for demonstrations to exhibit tool manufacture on an innovation challenge and displayed higher creativity, as measured by an alternate uses task. These results highlight how new cultural traditions emerge, establish and advance by identifying which individuals generate new cultural variants in populations and which are influential in the diffusion of these variants, and help reduce the apparent tension within the 'ratchet' of cumulative culture.
- Published
- 2021
16. Reading in the Digital Age.
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BĂDULESCU, Dana
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DIGITALLY printed materials , *READING , *ELECTRONIC book readers , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
This article is the second in a series I am planning to write on reading in the digital age. The first one entitled "On Books and Reading" looked into the evolution of books and paradigms of reading in the last approximately three hundred years. It served as a prelude to an endeavour that aims to capture a very dynamic phenomenon, which is that of reading in the digital age. In November 2014 I joined a COST action whose objective is to assess the impact of digitisation on reading. Since research in this field is underway, both questions and answers are tentative. There are upsides and downsides to reading both in print and on screens. Reading paper books, and since the advent of print, printed books has shaped our reading and even our thinking habits. Nevertheless, e-readers are a recent invention with considerable benefits. The transition from paper book reading to e-reading is double-edged. E-readers and other digital devices are light and portable, but reading on screens may be confusing, disorienting, and it may have a negative impact on cognitive and emotional aspects of reading, which are serious downsides. On the other hand, reports show that owners of digital devices read more in either medium, and it seems that the new products designed especially for digital use are not texts in the traditional sense. It may also be that getting used to and accepting the new digital devices and applications may take some time. Adapting them to our reading habits may also take time. Alternatively, they may change our reading habits dramatically, or the future may be paper for texts and digital for more interactive products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
17. Promoting mother‐infant relationships and underlying neural correlates: Results from a randomized controlled trial of a home‐visiting program for adolescent mothers in Brazil
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Charles A. Nelson, Helena Brentani, Lislaine Aparecida Fracolli, Elizabeth Shephard, Anna Maria Chiesa, Daniel Fatori, Fernanda Speggiorin Pereira Alarcão, Euripedes Constantino Miguel, Guilherme V. Polanczyk, Alicia Matijasevich, Renata Amável, and James F. Leckman
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Paper ,Adolescent ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Mother infant ,Mothers ,maternal care competencies ,050105 experimental psychology ,law.invention ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Pregnancy ,Intervention (counseling) ,Home visiting program ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,EEG ,Teenage pregnancy ,Neural correlates of consciousness ,Adolescent Mothers ,Poverty ,Parenting ,infant social development ,05 social sciences ,Infant ,medicine.disease ,Mother-Child Relations ,Child, Preschool ,MÃES ADOLESCENTES ,Papers ,mother‐infant attachment ,Female ,Psychology ,Brazil ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,Clinical psychology ,home‐visiting intervention - Abstract
Poverty and teenage pregnancy are common in low‐and‐middle‐income countries and can impede the development of healthy parent‐child relationships. This study aimed to test whether a home‐visiting intervention could improve early attachment relationships between adolescent mothers and their infants living in poverty in Brazil. Analyses were conducted on secondary outcomes from a randomized controlled trial (NCT0280718) testing the efficacy of a home‐visiting program, Primeiros Laços, on adolescent mothers’ health and parenting skills and their infants’ development. Pregnant youth were randomized to intervention (n = 40) or care‐as‐usual (CAU, n = 40) from the first trimester of pregnancy until infants were aged 24 months. Mother‐infant attachment was coded during a mother‐infant interaction when the infants were aged 12 months. Electrophysiological correlates of social processing (mean amplitude of the Nc component) were measured while infants viewed facial images of the mother and a stranger at age 6 months. Infants in the intervention group were more securely attached and more involved with their mothers than those receiving CAU at 12 months. Smaller Nc amplitudes to the mother's face at 6 months were associated with better social behavior at 12 months. Our findings indicate that the Primeiros Laços Program is effective in enhancing the development of mother‐infant attachment.
- Published
- 2021
18. A systematic review of research on reading in English on screen and on paper
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Ferit Kiliçkaya and Kenan Çetin
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Linguistics and Language ,Higher education ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Teaching method ,Computer-Assisted Instruction ,050801 communication & media studies ,Language and Linguistics ,0508 media and communications ,lcsh:P1-1091 ,reading ,Reading (process) ,Mathematics education ,media_common ,business.industry ,paper ,05 social sciences ,050301 education ,on screen ,lcsh:Philology. Linguistics ,Trend analysis ,Reading comprehension ,traditional ,Electronic publishing ,Psychology ,business ,0503 education ,Mobile device - Abstract
The introduction and wide use of devices, especially mobile ones, has changed the way learners read and do research for a variety of reasons, and this trend has attracted a number of studies conducted regarding reading on screen and on paper in addition to those dealing with the students’ behavior in using online resources to print ones. This paper aims at identifying the major findings and trends in reading research by describing the current state of knowledge and practice in the studies comparing reading on screen and on paper and to provide guidance for practitioners by analyzing and summarizing the existing research. The current review adopted a systematic review as the research methodology as well as the article selection and screening process. The articles published between 2009 and 2017 were reviewed, and 37 articles were included in the analysis. The review revealed that the research on onscreen and paper-based reading focused on comparing the learners’ performances in reading activities in both contexts and sharing preliminary findings and students’ views. However, the findings are inconclusive as mixed findings were produced as to the effects of reading on screen and on paper. Moreover, the review also indicates that practitioners are also interested in examining the factors and affordances in reading on screen. As a result, there is still further research needed to establish the factors affecting reading and comprehension while reading on screen and on paper.
- Published
- 2019
19. The ethical climate in paediatric oncology—A national cross‐sectional survey of health‐care personnel
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Pernilla Pergert, Margareta af Sandeberg, and Cecilia Bartholdson
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Paper ,Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cross-sectional study ,Attitude of Health Personnel ,Health Personnel ,education ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Nursing Staff, Hospital ,Medical Oncology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Informed consent ,Neoplasms ,Health care ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,Rank correlation ,Response rate (survey) ,Sweden ,cancer ,ethical climate ,ethics, institutional ,health‐care survey ,medical staff, hospital ,nursing staff, hospital ,oncology ,paediatric oncology ,personnel, hospital ,Descriptive statistics ,Paediatric oncology ,business.industry ,Middle Aged ,Hospitals, Pediatric ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Family medicine ,Papers ,Ethical climate ,Female ,Clinical Competence ,Psychology ,business - Abstract
Objective To describe health‐care personnel's (HCP's) perceptions of the ethical climate at their workplace in paediatric oncology. Methods A cross‐sectional survey was conducted using the Swedish version of the shortened Hospital Ethical Climate Survey (HECS‐S). HCP at all six paediatric oncology centres (POCs) in Sweden were invited to participate. Analysis included descriptive statistics, the Mann‐Whitney U test (differences between groups) and Spearman's rank correlation. Informed consent was assumed when the respondents returned the survey. Results A high response rate was achieved as 278 HCP answered the questionnaire. Medical doctors perceived the ethical climate to be more positive than registered nurses and nursing assistants. At the POC with the significantly lowest values concerning immediate manager, no significant correlation with the other items was found. At the POC with the poorest ethical climate, HCP also had the lowest perception of the possibility of practicing ethically good care. Conclusions Differences between centres and professional groups have been demonstrated. A negative perception of the immediate manager does not necessarily mean that the ethical climate is poor, but the manager's ability to provide the conditions for an open dialogue within the health‐care team is key to achieving an ethical climate.
- Published
- 2019
20. Women's perceptions of personalized risk-based breast cancer screening and prevention: An international focus group study
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Anna Jervaeus, Yvonne Wengström, Linda Rainey, Per Hall, D. Gareth Evans, Louise S Donnelly, Daniëlle van der Waal, Mireille J. M. Broeders, and Mattias Hammarström
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Emotions ,risk stratification ,Breast cancer screening ,risk prediction ,0302 clinical medicine ,prevention ,Cultural diversity ,Mass Screening ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Early Detection of Cancer ,media_common ,Netherlands ,attitudes ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Focus Groups ,Middle Aged ,Women's cancers Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 17] ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Papers ,oncology ,Anxiety ,Female ,Thematic analysis ,medicine.symptom ,Risk assessment ,Psychology ,Attitude to Health ,Paper ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Decision Making ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Breast Neoplasms ,Risk Assessment ,03 medical and health sciences ,All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center ,Breast cancer ,breast cancer ,Perception ,acceptability ,medicine ,Humans ,Aged ,Sweden ,screening ,Patient Acceptance of Health Care ,medicine.disease ,Focus group ,United Kingdom ,Family medicine - Abstract
ObjectiveIncreased knowledge of breast cancer risk factors enables a shift from one‐size‐fits‐all breast cancer screening to a risk‐based approach, tailoring screening policy to a woman's individual risk. New opportunities for prevention will arise. However, before this novel screening and prevention program is introduced, its acceptability from a woman's perspective needs to be explored.MethodsWomen eligible for breast cancer screening in the Netherlands, United Kingdom, and Sweden were invited to take part in focus groups. A total of 143 women participated. Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsAnalysis identified five themes across the three countries. The first theme “impact of knowledge” describes women's concern of not being able to unlearn their risk, perceiving it as either a motivator for change or a burden which may lead to stigma. The second theme “belief in science” explains women's need to trust the science behind the risk assessment and subsequent care pathways. Theme three “emotional impact” explores, eg, women's perceived anxiety and (false) reassurance, which may result from knowing their risk. Theme four “decision making” highlights cultural differences in shared versus individual decision making. Theme five “attitude to medication” explores the controversial topic of offering preventative medication for breast cancer risk reduction.ConclusionsAcceptability of risk‐based screening and prevention is mixed. Women's perceptions are informed by a lack of knowledge, cultural norms, and common emotional concerns, which highlights the importance of tailored educational materials and risk counselling to aid either shared or individual informed decision making.
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- 2019
21. Retraction: Recursive fury: Conspiracist ideation in the blogosphere in response to research on conspiracist ideation
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Frontiers in Psychology Editorial Office
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Paper ,article ,Recursive fury ,retraction ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Classification of intellectual disability according to domains of adaptive functioning and between‐domains discrepancy in adults with epilepsy
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J. S. van Ool, In Y. Tan, Francesca M. Snoeijen-Schouwenaars, Helenius J. Schelhaas, Jos G.M. Hendriksen, Albert P. Aldenkamp, RS: MHeNs - R1 - Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, and Klinische Neurowetenschappen
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Adult ,Male ,030506 rehabilitation ,Adolescent ,diagnosis ,assessment ,prevalence ,developmental disability ,CHILDREN ,Comorbidity ,DSM-5 ,Adaptive functioning ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Epilepsy ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Intellectual Disability ,Adaptation, Psychological ,Intellectual disability ,medicine ,Humans ,Vulnerable population ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Set (psychology) ,Aged ,seizures ,Aged, 80 and over ,people ,Intelligence quotient ,ILAE ,paper ,05 social sciences ,Rehabilitation ,INTERNATIONAL-LEAGUE ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Neurology ,Social domain ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Background In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth edition (DSM-5), the diagnostic criteria of intellectual disability (ID) include three domains of adaptive deficits: the conceptual, social and practical. Substantial intra-individual differences between domains can be considered an ID domain discrepancy. Method We explored the associations between ID domains, discrepancies and epilepsy in 189 adults (mean age = 47.9; SD = 15.6). Each DSM-5 ID domain was assessed separately, using subscales of the Vineland II for the social and practical domains, and psychological instruments, including intelligence tests, for the conceptual domain. A set of standardised criteria is proposed to identify an ID domain discrepancy. Results An ID domain discrepancy seemed to be present in about one-third of subjects and was particularly present in subjects with moderate ID (53.4%). Impairment in the social domain was most often the reason for the discrepancy. The presence of a discrepancy was significantly related to a focal (localised) epilepsy type (OR = 2.3, P = .028) and a mixed seizure type (OR = 1.4, P = .009). Epilepsy characteristics that are indicative of a more severe and refractory epilepsy, including various seizure types, a high seizure frequency, a combined epilepsy type (both focal and generalised epilepsy) and an early age at onset, were significantly related to more severe impairments in conceptual, social and practical adaptive behaviour (all P values
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- 2018
23. I know better! Emerging metacognition allows adolescents to ignore false advice
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Aislinn Bowler, Nikolaus Steinbeis, Madeleine E. Moses-Payne, Johanna Habicht, and Tobias U. Hauser
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Paper ,Adolescent ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Metacognition ,decision making ,050105 experimental psychology ,Developmental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,advice ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Quality (business) ,Child ,development ,media_common ,introspection ,4. Education ,05 social sciences ,Decision maker ,Knowledge ,Papers ,Introspection ,Independence (mathematical logic) ,adolescence ,Psychology ,Advice (complexity) ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
Adolescents aspire for independence. Successful independence means knowing when to rely on one's own knowledge and when to listen to others. A critical prerequisite thus is a well‐developed metacognitive ability to accurately assess the quality of one's own knowledge. Little is known about whether the strive to become an independent decision maker in adolescence is underpinned by the necessary metacognitive skills. Here, we demonstrate that metacognition matures from childhood to adolescence (N = 107) and that this process coincides with greater independent decision‐making. We show that adolescents, in contrast to children, take on others’ advice less often, but only when the advice is misleading. Finally, we demonstrate that adolescents’ reduced reliance on others’ advice is explained by their increased metacognitive skills, suggesting that a developing ability to introspect may support independent decision‐making in adolescence., Moses‐Payne et al investigated how advice taking develops during childhood and adolescence, and how this is related to metacognition. Children, 8‐9 year olds (yo), and two groups of adolescents, 12‐13 year olds and 16‐17 year olds, took part in a metacognition and advice taking task. Both adolescent groups showed increased ability to identify when they were correct or incorrect (increased metacognitive efficiency, Panel A). The adolescent groups also showed a lower propensity to follow advice than children (Panel B). Importantly, adolescents were less likely to follow false advice but still followed helpful advice (Panel C). In this way, adolescents were more competent advice takers, and this was linked to their metacognitive abilities: resistance to false advice was driven by adolescents' increased metacognitive efficiency (Panel D). The adolescents utilized their new‐found metacognitive abilities to resist false advice from others when they knew they were correct, but still took helpful advice when they knew they were incorrect.
- Published
- 2021
24. Functional brain connectivity related to surgical skill dexterity in physical and virtual simulation environments
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Meryem A. Yücel, Xavier Intes, Anil Kamat, Denise W. Gee, Clairice A. Cooper, Steven D. Schwaitzberg, Arun Nemani, Anirban Dutta, Suvranu De, and Yuanyuan Gao
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Paper ,Brain activity and meditation ,education ,Neuroscience (miscellaneous) ,01 natural sciences ,010309 optics ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Multivariate analysis of variance ,0103 physical sciences ,medicine ,functional near-infrared spectroscopy ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Prefrontal cortex ,fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery ,Motor skill ,Simulation ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,Supplementary motor area ,motor skills ,functional connectivity ,SMA ,Research Papers ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Functional near-infrared spectroscopy ,Primary motor cortex ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Significance: Surgical simulators, both virtual and physical, are increasingly used as training tools for teaching and assessing surgical technical skills. However, the metrics used for assessment in these simulation environments are often subjective and inconsistent. Aim: We propose functional activation metrics, derived from brain imaging measurements, to objectively assess the correspondence between brain activation with surgical motor skills for subjects with varying degrees of surgical skill. Approach: Cortical activation based on changes in the oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) of 36 subjects was measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy at the prefrontal cortex (PFC), primary motor cortex, and supplementary motor area (SMA) due to their association with motor skill learning. Inter-regional functional connectivity metrics, namely, wavelet coherence (WCO) and wavelet phase coherence were derived from HbO changes to correlate brain activity to surgical motor skill levels objectively. Results: One-way multivariate analysis of variance found a statistically significant difference in the inter-regional WCO metrics for physical simulator based on Wilk’s Λ for expert versus novice, F ( 10,1 ) = 7495.5, p
- Published
- 2021
25. Reported Affect Changes as a Function of Response Delay: Findings From a Pooled Dataset of Nine Experience Sampling Studies
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Inez Myin-Germeys, Hugo Vachon, Gudrun Eisele, Wolfgang Viechtbauer, Psychiatrie & Neuropsychologie, and RS: MHeNs - R2 - Mental Health
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Experience sampling method ,lcsh:BF1-990 ,response delay ,STRESS REACTIVITY ,Audiology ,Affect (psychology) ,response latency ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,PSYCHOSIS ,medicine ,Psychology ,030212 general & internal medicine ,RAFAELI ,General Psychology ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Original Research ,ambulatory assessment ,CORTISOL ,ecological momentary assessment ,Response delay ,DEPRESSION ,SHROUT ,030227 psychiatry ,experience sampling ,INDIVIDUALS ,lcsh:Psychology ,DAILY-LIFE ,PAPER - Abstract
Delayed responses are a common phenomenon in experience sampling studies. Yet no consensus exists on whether they should be excluded from the analysis or what the threshold for exclusion should be. Delayed responses could introduce bias, but previous investigations of systematic differences between delayed and timely responses have offered unclear results. To investigate differences as a function of delay, we conducted secondary analyses of nine paper and pencil based experience sampling studies including 1,528 individuals with different clinical statuses. In all participants, there were significant decreases in positive and increases in negative affect as a function of delay. In addition, delayed answers of participants without depression showed higher within-person variability and an initial strengthening in the relationships between contextual stress and affect. Participants with depression mostly showed the opposite pattern. Delayed responses seem qualitatively different from timely responses. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying these differences. ispartof: Frontiers In Psychology vol:12 ispartof: location:Switzerland status: Published online
- Published
- 2021
26. Cognitive bias in forensic pathology decisions
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Itiel E. Dror, Jeff Kukucka, Daniel S. Atherton, Jonathan L. Arden, Joye Carter, Sarah Hawkins, and Judy Melinek
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Paper ,Adult ,Male ,Forensic pathology ,stereotypes ,cognitive bias ,media_common.quotation_subject ,forensic science ,Decision Making ,Datasets as Topic ,Affect (psychology) ,Death Certificates ,White People ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Race (biology) ,Accident (fallacy) ,Bias ,Homicide ,Genetics ,Humans ,contextual influence ,task‐relevance ,General ,Child ,Forensic Pathology ,media_common ,Aged ,Middle Aged ,Cognitive bias ,Manner of death ,Forensic science ,Black or African American ,confirmation bias ,Confirmation bias ,Accidents ,Papers ,expertise ,Female ,decision‐making ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Forensic pathologists’ decisions are critical in police investigations and court proceedings as they determine whether an unnatural death of a young child was an accident or homicide. Does cognitive bias affect forensic pathologists’ decision‐making? To address this question, we examined all death certificates issued during a 10‐year period in the State of Nevada in the United States for children under the age of six. We also conducted an experiment with 133 forensic pathologists in which we tested whether knowledge of irrelevant non‐medical information that should have no bearing on forensic pathologists’ decisions influenced their manner of death determinations. The dataset of death certificates indicated that forensic pathologists were more likely to rule "homicide" rather than "accident" for deaths of Black children relative to White children. This may arise because the base‐rate expectation creates an a priori cognitive bias to rule that Black children died as a result of homicide, which then perpetuates itself. Corroborating this explanation, the experimental data with the 133 forensic pathologists exhibited biased decisions when given identical medical information but different irrelevant non‐medical information about the race of the child and who was the caregiver who brought them to the hospital. These findings together demonstrate how extraneous information can result in cognitive bias in forensic pathology decision‐making.
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- 2021
27. Group-level cortical functional connectivity patterns using fNIRS: assessing the effect of bilingualism in young infants
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Liam H. Collins-Jones, Manuel Carreiras, Borja Blanco, Robert J. Cooper, Ernesto Vidal, César Caballero-Gaudes, and Monika Molnar
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Paper ,Brain activity and meditation ,Neuroscience (miscellaneous) ,01 natural sciences ,010309 optics ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,resting-state ,0103 physical sciences ,functional near-infrared spectroscopy ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Neuroscience of multilingualism ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,Resting state fMRI ,functional connectivity ,connectome ,Cognition ,bilingualism ,Language acquisition ,Research Papers ,resting- state ,language acquisition ,Multiple comparisons problem ,Connectome ,Functional near-infrared spectroscopy ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Epub 2021 Jun 12. Significance: Early monolingual versus bilingual experience induces adaptations in the development of linguistic and cognitive processes, and it modulates functional activation patterns during the first months of life. Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) is a convenient approach to study the functional organization of the infant brain. RSFC can be measured in infants during natural sleep, and it allows to simultaneously investigate various functional systems. Adaptations have been observed in RSFC due to a lifelong bilingual experience. Investigating whether bilingualism- induced adaptations in RSFC begin to emerge early in development has important implications for our understanding of how the infant brain’s organization can be shaped by early environmental factors. Aims: We attempt to describe RSFC using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and to examine whether it adapts to early monolingual versus bilingual environments. We also present an fNIRS data preprocessing and analysis pipeline that can be used to reliably characterize RSFC in development and to reduce false positives and flawed results interpretations. Methods: We measured spontaneous hemodynamic brain activity in a large cohort (N ¼ 99) of 4-month-old monolingual and bilingual infants using fNIRS. We implemented group-level approaches based on independent component analysis to examine RSFC, while providing proper control for physiological confounds and multiple comparisons. Results: At the group level, we describe the functional organization of the 4-month-old infant brain in large-scale cortical networks. Unbiased group-level comparisons revealed no differences in RSFC between monolingual and bilingual infants at this age. Conclusions: High-quality fNIRS data provide a means to reliably describe RSFC patterns in the infant brain. The proposed group-level RSFC analyses allow to assess differences in RSFC across experimental conditions. An effect of early bilingual experience in RSFC was not observed, suggesting that adaptations might only emerge during explicit linguistic tasks, or at a later point in development. The authors would like to thank all the parents and infants who generously participate in our studies. The authors also would like to thank Elena Aguirrebengoa for her assistance on recruiting and testing participants and Enrico Amico for discussion regarding the connICA approach. This work was supported by the Basque Government (Nos. PRE_2018_2_0154, PIBA_2019_ 104, and BERC 2018-2021); the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Nos. RYC-2017-21845, PID2019-105520GB-100, and PSI2014-5452-P); the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Nos. 506948 and 506993); and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (Nos. EP/N025946/1 and EP/509577/1).
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- 2021
28. Firearm examination: Examiner judgments and computer-based comparisons
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Reinoud D. Stoel, Cilia L. M. Witteman, Erwin J.A.T. Mattijssen, Johannes A. Soons, Charles E.H. Berger, and Xiaoyu A. Zheng
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Paper ,medicine.medical_specialty ,validity ,error rates ,Firing pin ,Audiology ,01 natural sciences ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,law.invention ,Experimental Psychopathology and Treatment ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,inconclusives ,law ,Genetics ,medicine ,expert decision making ,comparison algorithm ,030216 legal & forensic medicine ,judgment ,Reliability (statistics) ,Performance feedback ,reliability ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Computer based ,calibration ,forensic firearm examination ,0104 chemical sciences ,Papers ,Psychology ,Developmental Psychopathology ,Criminalistics ,Overconfidence effect - Abstract
Contains fulltext : 224762.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Forensic firearm examination provides the court of law with information about the source of fired cartridge cases. We assessed the validity of source decisions of a computer-based method and of 73 firearm examiners who compared breechface and firing pin impressions of 48 comparison sets. We also compared the computer-based method's comparison scores with the examiners' degree-of-support judgments and assessed the validity of the latter. The true-positive rate (sensitivity) and true-negative rate (specificity) of the computer-based method (for the comparison of both the breechface and firing pin impressions) were 94.4% and at least 91.7%, respectively. For the examiners, the true-positive rate was at least 95.3% and the true-negative rate was at least 86.2%. The validity of the source decisions improved when the evaluations of breechface and firing pin impressions were combined and for the examiners also when the perceived difficulty of the comparison decreased. The examiners were reluctant to provide source decisions for 'difficult' comparisons even though their source decisions were mostly correct. The correlation between the computer-based method's comparison scores and the examiners' degree-of-support judgments was low for the same-source comparisons to negligible for the different-source comparisons. Combining the outcomes of computer-based methods with the judgments of examiners could increase the validity of firearm examinations. The examiners' numerical degree-of-support judgments for their source decisions were not well-calibrated and showed clear signs of overconfidence. We suggest studying the merits of performance feedback to calibrate these judgments. 16 p.
- Published
- 2021
29. Developmental changes in neural letter‐selectivity: A 1‐year follow‐up of beginning readers
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Alice van de Walle de Ghelcke, Aliette Lochy, Bruno Rossion, Christine Schiltz, UCL - SSH/IPSY - Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy (CRAN), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de neurologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), and Université du Luxembourg (Uni.lu)
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Paper ,medicine.medical_specialty ,genetic structures ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,1‐year follow‐up ,1 year follow up ,Electroencephalography ,Audiology ,050105 experimental psychology ,reading neural circuits ,Reading (process) ,Cortex (anatomy) ,medicine ,Biological neural network ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Humans ,developmental changes ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Child ,media_common ,Brain Mapping ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,4. Education ,[SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience ,05 social sciences ,Lexical access ,Individual level ,Child development ,1-year follow-up ,Temporal Lobe ,beginning readers ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Pattern Recognition, Visual ,Reading ,Papers ,FPVS-EEG ,letter selectivity ,FPVS‐EEG ,Psychology ,Photic Stimulation ,Follow-Up Studies ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
The developmental course of neural tuning to visual letter strings is unclear. Here we tested 39 children longitudinally, at the beginning of grade 1 (6.45 ± 0.33 years old) and 1 year after, with fast periodic visual stimulation in electroencephalography to assess the evolution of selective neural responses to letter strings and their relationship with emerging reading abilities. At both grades, frequency‐tagged letter strings were discriminated from pseudofont strings (i.e. letter‐selectivity) over the left occipito‐temporal cortex, with effects observed at the individual level in 62% of children. However, visual words were not discriminated from pseudowords (lexical access) at either grade. Following 1 year of schooling, letter‐selective responses showed a specific increase in amplitude, a more complex pattern of harmonics, and were located more anteriorly over the left occipito‐temporal cortex. Remarkably, at both grades, neural responses were highly significant at the individual level and correlated with individual reading scores. The amplitude increase in letter‐selective responses between grades was not found for discrimination responses of familiar keyboard symbols from pseudosymbols, and was not related to a general increase in visual stimulation responses. These findings demonstrate a rapid onset of left hemispheric letter selectivity, with 1 year of reading instruction resulting in increased emerging reading abilities and a clear quantitative and qualitative evolution within left hemispheric neural circuits for reading., A group of 39 young children were tested with FPVS‐EEG to understand changes in the left hemisphere when learning to read. After only 1 year of schooling, a quantitative and qualitative evolution in the selective neural responses to letters is found, independently of a general increase of visual stimulation responses.
- Published
- 2021
30. SUCCESS EXPECTATIONS - A POSSIBLE MEDIATOR OF WILLPOWER BELIEFS INFLUENCE ON SELF-CONTROL DEPLETION.
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ASTANI, ANDREEA-IULIANA
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SUCCESS , *SELF-control , *ETHICAL decision making - Abstract
Although an important number of studies support the view of self-control as a limited resource, recent studies pointed out that self-control capacity does not diminish invariably. Success expectancies and willpower beliefs might play an important role in this context. This study tested a mediation model, considering success expectancies in consecutive tasks requiring self-control as a mediator of the relationship between willpower beliefs and performance in these kind of tasks. An experiment involving 163 participants, adolescents, (88 females and 75 males, age range: 14-18 years old) was conducted. Participants were randomized in two experimental groups (manipulated to believe willpower is limited or unlimited) and a control group. Afterwards, participants reported their performance expectancies for two following tasks requiring self-control and solved it (task 1 - stimuli detection; task 2 - vicarious depletion by transposing in a character's struggling with temptation shoes). At the end, they received a menu and ordered the meal, but also estimated the maximum patience until its arrival, as if they were still in the story character's shoes (the dependent variables). Lastly, they completed the Romanian version of the General Self-Efficacy Scale. The results supported the mediation model but also indicated the possibility that willpower beliefs might affect self-control capacity through other mechanisms. The perception of the energy consumed proved to be particularly influenced by the belief that willpower is limited. The mechanism by which limited and unlimited willpower beliefs influence self-control capacity after consecutive tasks involving self-control needs more investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
31. Designing paper‐based records to improve the quality of nursing documentation in hospitals: A scoping review
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Ibukun-Oluwa Omolade Abejirinde, Marjolein B.M. Zweekhorst, Naomi Muinga, Mike English, and Chris Paton
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Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,review ,Reviews ,Context (language use) ,CINAHL ,documentation ,inpatient ,observation charts ,03 medical and health sciences ,Nursing care ,0302 clinical medicine ,Documentation ,Chart ,Electronic Health Records ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,charting ,General Nursing ,Aged ,nursing records ,Medical education ,030504 nursing ,Inpatient care ,Medical record ,paper ,Australia ,Infant, Newborn ,General Medicine ,Hospitals ,Female ,Systematic process ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology - Abstract
Background Inpatient nursing documentation facilitates multi‐disciplinary team care and tracking of patient progress. In both high‐ and low‐ and middle‐income settings, it is largely paper‐based and may be used as a template for electronic medical records. However, there is limited evidence on how they have been developed. Objective To synthesise evidence on how paper‐based nursing records have been developed and implemented in inpatient settings to support documentation of nursing care. Design A scoping review guided by the Arksey and O'Malley framework and reported using PRISMA‐ScR guidelines. Eligibility criteria We included studies that described the process of designing paper‐based inpatient records and excluded those focussing on electronic records. Included studies were published in English up to October 2019. Sources of evidence PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science and Cochrane supplemented by free‐text searches on Google Scholar and snowballing the reference sections of included papers. Results 12 studies met the eligibility criteria. We extracted data on study characteristics, the development process and outcomes related to documentation of inpatient care. Studies reviewed followed a process of problem identification, literature review, chart (re)design, piloting, implementation and evaluation but varied in their execution of each step. All studies except one reported a positive change in inpatient documentation or the adoption of charts amid various challenges. Conclusions The approaches used seemed to work for each of the studies but could be strengthened by following a systematic process. Human‐centred Design provides a clear process that prioritises the healthcare professional's needs and their context to deliver a usable product. Problems with the chart could be addressed during the design phase rather than during implementation, thereby promoting chart ownership and uptake since users are involved throughout the design. This will translate to better documentation of inpatient care thus facilitating better patient tracking, improved team communication and better patient outcomes. Relevance to clinical practice Paper‐based charts should be designed in a systematic and clear process that considers patient's and healthcare professional's needs contributing to improved uptake of charts and therefore better documentation.
- Published
- 2020
32. Asymmetric, dynamic adaptation in prefrontal cortex during dichotic listening tasks
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David R. Busch, Iryna Gumenchuk, Jonathan A. N. Fisher, Arjun G. Yodh, and Ora S. Rogovin
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Paper ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Neuroscience (miscellaneous) ,Audiology ,Electroencephalography ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,01 natural sciences ,010309 optics ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,0103 physical sciences ,medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Active listening ,Prefrontal cortex ,Association (psychology) ,dichotic listening ,auditory processing ,diffuse correlation spectroscopy ,prefrontal cortex ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Dichotic listening ,Speech processing ,Research Papers ,Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,Psychology ,psychological phenomena and processes ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Significance: Speech processing tasks can be used to assess the integrity and health of many functional and structural aspects of the brain. Despite the potential merits of such behavioral tests as clinical assessment tools, however, the underlying neural substrates remain relatively unclear. Aim: We aimed to obtain a more in-depth portrait of hemispheric asymmetry during dichotic listening tasks at the level of the prefrontal cortex, where prior studies have reported inconsistent results. Approach: To avoid central confounds that limited previous studies, we used diffuse correlation spectroscopy to optically monitor cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during dichotic listening tasks in human subjects. Results: We found that dichotic listening tasks elicited hemispheric asymmetries in both amplitude as well as kinetics. When listening task blocks were repeated, there was an accommodative reduction in the response amplitude of the left, but not the right hemisphere. Conclusions: These heretofore unobserved trends depict a more nuanced portrait of the functional asymmetry that has been observed previously. To our knowledge, these results additionally represent the first direct measurements of CBF during a speech processing task recommended by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association for diagnosing auditory processing disorders.
- Published
- 2020
33. The sticky mittens paradigm: A critical appraisal of current results and explanations
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Gustaf Gredebäck and Linda van den Berg
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Paper ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Motor behavior ,050105 experimental psychology ,Perception ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Humans ,motor development ,Attention ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,infancy ,Motor skill ,media_common ,training ,Hand Strength ,Psykologi (exklusive tillämpad psykologi) ,Social perception ,05 social sciences ,Infant ,social perception ,Play and Playthings ,Psychology (excluding Applied Psychology) ,Critical appraisal ,Social Perception ,Action (philosophy) ,Papers ,Action production ,Psychology ,sticky mittens ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Almost two decades ago, the sticky mittens paradigm was demonstrated as a way to train reaching and grasping behaviors in pre‐reaching infants, and consequently improve visual attentional abilities. In that first study, Needham and colleagues fitted 3‐month‐old infants with Velcro loop‐covered mittens and allowed them to interact with Velcro hook‐covered toys over the course of 2 weeks. In this review, we scrutinize the 17 studies that have followed those first sticky mittens results in regards to the motor, social perception, and visual attentional domains. Furthermore, we discuss the proposed mechanisms of the sticky mittens training. Current evidence strongly suggests that sticky mittens training facilitates social perception, which is consistent with prior correlational work showing links between action production and action perception. However, studies targeting motor and visual attentional abilities have too diverse results to warrant firm conclusions. We conclude that future research should focus on uncovering if there is a connection between sticky mittens training and motor behavior., We evaluated the sticky mittens effect in different domains and found that sticky mittens training has the strongest effects in the social perception domain. We emphasize a need for more research in the core domain–the motor domain.
- Published
- 2020
34. Bridging sensory and language theories of dyslexia: Toward a multifactorial model
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Jason D. Yeatman and Gabrielle O'Brien
- Subjects
Paper ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,media_common.quotation_subject ,deficit ,Sensory system ,Biological theories of dyslexia ,050105 experimental psychology ,Visual processing ,Dyslexia ,Cognition ,psychophysics ,Phonetics ,Reading (process) ,Perception ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Psychophysics ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,10. No inequality ,Child ,media_common ,Language ,learning ,05 social sciences ,phonological ,Statistical model ,medicine.disease ,Reading ,Papers ,Visual Perception ,visual ,Psychology ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Competing theories of dyslexia posit that reading difficulties arise from impaired visual, auditory, phonological, or statistical learning mechanisms. Importantly, many theories posit that dyslexia reflects a cascade of impairments emanating from a single “core deficit”. Here we report two studies evaluating core deficit and multifactorial models. In Study 1, we use publicly available data from the Healthy Brain Network to test the accuracy of phonological processing measures for predicting dyslexia diagnosis and find that over 30% of cases are misclassified (sensitivity = 66.7%; specificity = 68.2%). In Study 2, we collect a battery of psychophysical measures of visual motion processing and standardized measures of phonological processing in 106 school‐aged children to investigate whether dyslexia is best conceptualized under a core‐deficit model, or as a disorder with heterogenous origins. Specifically, by capitalizing on the drift diffusion model to analyze performance on a visual motion discrimination experiment, we show that deficits in visual motion processing, perceptual decision‐making, and phonological processing manifest largely independently. Based on statistical models of how variance in reading skill is parceled across measures of visual processing, phonological processing, and decision‐making, our results challenge the notion that a unifying deficit characterizes dyslexia. Instead, these findings indicate a model where reading skill is explained by several distinct, additive predictors, or risk factors, of reading (dis)ability., Using predictors from a visual motion processing experiment and linguistic measures, we show that a single‐mechanism model of reading disability cannot account for the range of linguistic and sensory processing outcomes observed in children. We propose an additive risk factor model where different aspects of sensory, cognitive and language function each contribute independently to reading development.
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- 2020
35. The role of the corpus callosum in language network connectivity in children
- Author
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Florian Ph. S. Fischmeister, Lisa Bartha-Doering, Johanna Alexopoulos, Georg Langs, Kathrin Kollndorfer, Gregor Kasprian, Daniela Prayer, Ernst Schwartz, and Rainer Seidl
- Subjects
Paper ,Vocabulary ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Corpus callosum ,050105 experimental psychology ,corpus callosum ,Nonverbal communication ,Neural Pathways ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Humans ,Verbal fluency test ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Child ,language network ,Language ,functional imaging ,media_common ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,05 social sciences ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Functional imaging ,Language development ,Papers ,Psychology ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,language development ,Language network ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
The specific role of the corpus callosum (CC) in language network organization remains unclear, two contrasting models have been proposed: inhibition of homotopic areas allowing for independent functioning of the hemispheres versus integration of information from both hemispheres. This study aimed to add to this discussion with the first investigation of language network connectivity in combination with CC volume measures. In 38 healthy children aged 6–12, we performed task‐based functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure language network connectivity, used structural magnetic resonance imaging to quantify CC subsection volumes, and administered various language tests to examine language abilities. We found an increase in left intrahemispheric and bilateral language network connectivity and a decrease in right intrahemispheric connectivity associated with larger volumes of the posterior, mid‐posterior, and central subsections of the CC. Consistent with that, larger volumes of the posterior parts of the CC were significantly associated with better verbal fluency and vocabulary, the anterior CC volume was positively correlated with verbal span. Thus, children with larger volumes of CC subsections showed increased interhemispheric language network connectivity and were better in different language domains. This study presents the first evidence that the CC is directly linked to language network connectivity and underlines the excitatory role of the CC in the integration of information from both hemispheres., In 38 healthy children aged 6–12, the present study measured language network connectivity, corpus callosum subsection volumes, and language abilities. Children with larger volumes of CC subsections showed increased interhemispheric language network connectivity and were better in different language domains. The present study suggests that the corpus callosum is directly linked to language network connectivity and underlines the excitatory role of the corpus callosum in the integration of information from both hemispheres. .
- Published
- 2020
36. Is that a pibu or a pibo ? Children with reading and language deficits show difficulties in learning and overnight consolidation of phonologically similar pseudowords
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Jan C. Frijters, James S. Magnuson, Rose A. Sevcik, Jeffrey G. Malins, Kayleigh Ryherd, Robin G. Morris, Nicole Landi, Kenneth R. Pugh, and Jay G. Rueckl
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Paper ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Reading disability ,artificial lexicon ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,media_common.quotation_subject ,developmental language disorder ,Audiology ,Lexicon ,Dyslexia ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Humans ,Learning ,Language Development Disorders ,word learning ,Child ,Language ,media_common ,phonological competition ,Item analysis ,Rhyme ,reading disability ,Verbal Learning ,Language acquisition ,Vocabulary development ,Reading comprehension ,Papers ,Learning disability ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,consolidation - Abstract
Word learning is critical for the development of reading and language comprehension skills. Although previous studies have indicated that word learning is compromised in children with reading disability (RD) or developmental language disorder (DLD), it is less clear how word learning difficulties manifest in children with comorbid RD and DLD. Furthermore, it is unclear whether word learning deficits in RD or DLD include difficulties with offline consolidation of newly learned words. In the current study, we employed an artificial lexicon learning paradigm with an overnight design to investigate how typically developing (TD) children (N = 25), children with only RD (N = 93), and children with both RD and DLD (N = 34) learned and remembered a set of phonologically similar pseudowords. Results showed that compared to TD children, children with RD exhibited: (i) slower growth in discrimination accuracy for cohort item pairs sharing an onset (e.g. pibu‐pibo), but not for rhyming item pairs (e.g. pibu‐dibu); and (ii) lower discrimination accuracy for both cohort and rhyme item pairs on Day 2, even when accounting for differences in Day 1 learning. Moreover, children with comorbid RD and DLD showed learning and retention deficits that extended to unrelated item pairs that were phonologically dissimilar (e.g. pibu‐tupa), suggestive of broader impairments compared to children with only RD. These findings provide insights into the specific learning deficits underlying RD and DLD and motivate future research concerning how children use phonological similarity to guide the organization of new word knowledge., We employed an artificial lexicon learning paradigm with an overnight design to investigate how typically developing (TD) children, children with reading disability (RD), and children with both RD and developmental language disorder (DLD) learned and remembered a set of phonologically similar pseudowords. Compared to TD children, children with RD experienced difficulty learning and remembering phonologically similar items, whereas children with both RD and DLD experienced difficulty learning and remembering phonologically dissimilar items in addition to phonologically similar items. These findings suggest one of the specific deficits underlying RD and DLD is difficulty establishing robust phonological representations for newly learned words.
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- 2020
37. Temporal representation impairment in developmental dyslexia for unisensory and multisensory stimuli
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Monica Gori, Kinga M. Ober, Olivier A. Coubard, and Francesca Tinelli
- Subjects
Male ,Paper ,Auditory perception ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Visual perception ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,media_common.quotation_subject ,integration ,Development ,Audiology ,Bayesian ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,050105 experimental psychology ,Dyslexia ,Judgment ,Bayes' theorem ,Reading (process) ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Child ,Association (psychology) ,media_common ,Multisensory ,05 social sciences ,Representation (systemics) ,Bayes Theorem ,medicine.disease ,Reading ,Audio ,Papers ,Auditory Perception ,Visual Perception ,Female ,Cues ,Visual ,Psychology ,Reading skills ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
Dyslexia has been associated with a problem in visual–audio integration mechanisms. Here, we investigate for the first time the contribution of unisensory cues on multisensory audio and visual integration in 32 dyslexic children by modelling results using the Bayesian approach. Non‐linguistic stimuli were used. Children performed a temporal task: they had to report whether the middle of three stimuli was closer in time to the first one or to the last one presented. Children with dyslexia, compared with typical children, exhibited poorer unimodal thresholds, requiring greater temporal distance between items for correct judgements, while multisensory thresholds were well predicted by the Bayesian model. This result suggests that the multisensory deficit in dyslexia is due to impaired audio and visual inputs rather than impaired multisensory processing per se. We also observed that poorer temporal skills correlated with lower reading skills in dyslexic children, suggesting that this temporal capability can be linked to reading abilities., Multisensory audio visual processing in dyslexia is due to impaired audio and visual inputs rather than impaired multisensory processing per se.
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- 2020
38. The right hemispheric dominance for face perception in preschool children depends on the visual discrimination level
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Bruno Rossion, Christine Schiltz, Aliette Lochy, University of Luxembourg [Luxembourg], Université du Luxembourg (Uni.lu), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy (CRAN), and Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Paper ,Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,preschool children ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Population ,Audiology ,Electroencephalography ,050105 experimental psychology ,Lateralization of brain function ,Functional Laterality ,[SCCO]Cognitive science ,Discrimination, Psychological ,Face perception ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,FPVS–EEG ,10. No inequality ,education ,Child ,Cerebrum ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Cerebral Cortex ,education.field_of_study ,right hemisphere ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,05 social sciences ,Brain ,Human brain ,discrimination level ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,faces ,Scalp ,Visual discrimination ,Child, Preschool ,Papers ,FPVS-EEG ,Visual Perception ,[SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC] ,Written language ,Female ,Psychology ,Facial Recognition ,Photic Stimulation ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
The developmental origin of human adults’ right hemispheric dominance in response to face stimuli remains unclear, in particular because young infants’ right hemispheric advantage in face‐selective response is no longer present in preschool children, before written language acquisition. Here we used fast periodic visual stimulation (FPVS) with scalp electroencephalography (EEG) to test 52 preschool children (5.5 years old) at two different levels of face discrimination: discrimination of faces against objects, measuring face‐selectivity, or discrimination between individual faces. While the contrast between faces and nonface objects elicits strictly bilateral occipital responses in children, strengthening previous observations, discrimination of individual faces in the same children reveals a strong right hemispheric lateralization over the occipitotemporal cortex. Picture‐plane inversion of the face stimuli significantly decreases the individual discrimination response, although to a much smaller extent than in older children and adults tested with the same paradigm. However, there is only a nonsignificant trend for a decrease in right hemispheric lateralization with inversion. There is no relationship between the right hemispheric lateralization in individual face discrimination and preschool levels of readings abilities. The observed difference in the right hemispheric lateralization obtained in the same population of children with two different paradigms measuring neural responses to faces indicates that the level of visual discrimination is a key factor to consider when making inferences about the development of hemispheric lateralization of face perception in the human brain., Using a fast periodic visual presentation paradigm combined with EEG we show that the right hemisphere involvement in face processing depends on discrimination level in preschool children. While face individuation (identity) relies on the right hemisphere, bilateral occipital networks were activated by generic face categorization (faces vs objects). Since right lateralization is present in pre‐readers these results challenge the hypothesis that learning to reading entails the right‐lateralization for faces observed in adulthood.
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- 2020
39. Investigating the social environment of the A‐not‐B search task
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James Gavin Bremner and Kirsty Dunn
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Paper ,Male ,Object permanence ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,social looking ,Social Environment ,Developmental Science ,Task (project management) ,Child Development ,violation of expectation ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Cognitive development ,Humans ,social cues ,Social Behavior ,Motivation ,Infant ,Social environment ,Social cue ,infant behaviour ,Gaze ,Object (philosophy) ,Papers ,Infant Behavior ,Female ,object permanence ,Comprehension ,Psychology ,cognitive development ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Controversy exists concerning the origins of object permanence, with different measures suggesting different conclusions. Looking measures have been interpreted as evidence for early understanding (Baillargeon, 1987, Developmental Psychology, 23:655), while Piaget (The construction of reality in the child, 1954) interpreted perseverative reaching behaviour on his AB search task to be indicative of limited understanding. However, looking measures are often reported to be an unreliable index of infant expectation (Haith, 1998, Infant Behaviour and Development, 21:167) and reaching behaviour has been explained by many alternative processes (e.g. Smith et al., 1999, Psychological Review, 106:235; Topál et al., 2008, Science, 321:1831). We aimed to investigate whether social looking (Dunn & Bremner, 2017, Developmental Science, 20:e12452; Walden et al., 2007, Developmental Science, 10:654) can be used as a valid measure of infant expectation of object location during the Piagetian AB search task. Furthermore, we aimed to test the social accounts of perseverative reaching by investigating how the direction of experimenter gaze would affect infant search and social behaviour. Infant search and social behaviour was compared on B trials across three different conditions, namely experimenter gaze to midline, location A and location B. Search performance significantly improved when the experimenter looked to location B. Infant social looking indicated that infants expect the object to be found in the location in which they search and are actively seeking information about object location from the experimenter. We conclude that social looking is a valid index of infant expectation that has provided support for the importance of the social environment on the AB search task. This casts doubt on the potential for this task to provide information related to the development of object permanence in infancy., In comparison to infant search and social behaviour on a standard version of the A‐not‐B search task, when the experimenter directed their gaze towards the correct location on B trials, infants made fewer search errors. When the experimenter directed their gaze towards the incorrect location, infants made more search errors and initiated more social looks. We conclude that understanding the infant's active social behaviour in this task is integral to understanding the A‐not‐B search error.
- Published
- 2020
40. Influence of perceived threat of Covid-19 and HEXACO personality traits on toilet paper stockpiling
- Author
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Theo Toppe, Lisa Garbe, and Richard Rau
- Subjects
Male ,Economics ,Emotions ,Social Sciences ,050109 social psychology ,Hoarding ,Geographical Locations ,Empirical research ,Sociology ,Resource Management ,Psychology ,Big Five personality traits ,media_common ,Multidisciplinary ,05 social sciences ,Social Communication ,Hygiene ,COVID-19 ,Social communication ,Personality ,Personality traits ,Behavior ,Europe ,Pandemics ,Bathroom Equipment ,Anxiety ,Medicine ,Hoarding (economics) ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Coronavirus Infections ,Social psychology ,Research Article ,Adult ,Paper ,Personality Tests ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Science ,Pneumonia, Viral ,Models, Psychological ,050105 experimental psychology ,Emotionality ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Consumer behaviour ,Personality Traits ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Conscientiousness ,Consumer Behavior ,Communications ,Personality Differences ,North America ,People and Places ,Stockpiles - Abstract
Following the fast spread of the coronavirus (Covid-19) across Europe and North America in March 2020, many people started stockpiling commodities like toilet paper. Despite the high relevance for public authorities to adequately address stockpiling behavior, empirical studies on the psychological underpinnings of toilet paper stockpiling are still scarce. In this study, we investigated the relation between personality traits, perceived threat of Covid-19, and stockpiling of toilet paper in an online survey (N = 996) across 22 countries. Results suggest that people who felt more threatened by Covid-19 stockpiled more toilet paper. Further, a predisposition towards Emotionality predicted the perceived threat of Covid-19 and affected stockpiling behavior indirectly. Finally, Conscientiousness was related to toilet paper stockpiling, such that individuals higher in Conscientiousness tended to stockpile more toilet paper. These results emphasize the importance of clear communication by public authorities acknowledging anxiety and, at the same time, transmitting a sense of control.
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- 2020
41. Maximizing research on the adverse effects of child poverty through consensus measures
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Barbara Wolfe and Seth D. Pollak
- Subjects
Paper ,Consensus ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,assessment ,Family income ,child poverty ,050105 experimental psychology ,socioeconomic status ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Child poverty ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Family ,Child ,Socioeconomic status ,ses ,Poverty ,Public economics ,Clinical study design ,05 social sciences ,food and beverages ,poverty measurement ,Social Class ,Papers ,Income ,Common key ,Research questions ,Psychology ,Discipline ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
A variety of new research approaches are providing new ways to better understand the developmental mechanisms through which poverty affects children's development. However, studies of child poverty often characterize samples using different markers of poverty, making it difficult to contrast and reconcile findings across studies. Ideally, scientists can maximize the benefits of multiple disciplinary approaches if data from different kinds of studies can be directly compared and linked. Here, we suggest that individual studies can increase their potential usefulness by including a small set of common key variables to assess socioeconomic status and family income. These common variables can be used to (a) make direct comparisons between studies and (b) better enable diversity of subjects and aggregation of data regarding many facets of poverty that would be difficult within any single study. If kept brief, these items can be easily balanced with the need for investigators to creatively address the research questions in their specific study designs. To advance this goal, we identify a small set of brief, low‐burden consensus measures that researchers could include in their studies to increase cross‐study data compatibility. These US based measures can be adopted for global contexts., Research on child poverty employs a variety of different indices of poverty, making it difficult to contrast and reconcile findings across studies. This Open Access paper provides a small set of brief key variables to assess socio‐economic status and family income, allowing studies to be directly compared. This measure can be used to make direct comparisons between studies and better enable diversity of subjects and aggregation of data regarding many facets of poverty that would be difficult within any single study.
- Published
- 2020
42. Coping strategies of patients with advanced lung or colorectal cancer in six European countries: Insights from the ACTION Study
- Author
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Agnes van der Heide, Luc Deliens, Mariëtte N. Verkissen, Sheila Payne, Branka Červ, Guido Miccinesi, Lea J. Jabbarian, Ida J. Korfage, Johannes J. M. van Delden, Anna Thit Johnsen, Judith A.C. Rietjens, Andrew Wilcock, Public Health, Family Medicine and Chronic Care, End-of-life Care Research Group, and Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Subjects
Gerontology ,Male ,end of life ,Coping (psychology) ,Palliative care ,Lung Neoplasms ,Colorectal cancer ,ACTION study ,Psychological intervention ,Social Sciences ,coping strategies ,Severity of Illness Index ,PALLIATIVE CARE ,0302 clinical medicine ,QUALITY-OF-LIFE ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Adaptation, Psychological ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,advanced cancer ,CRITERIA ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Problem Solving ,HEALTH CONDITIONS ,SCALE ,media_common ,support ,Middle Aged ,3. Good health ,Europe ,coping ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Distress ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,raziskava ACTION ,tailoring ,Papers ,oncology ,Female ,Colorectal Neoplasms ,INTERVENTIONS ,Adult ,Paper ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,colorectal cancer ,psychology ,pljučni rak ,DIAGNOSIS ,03 medical and health sciences ,Denial ,DISTRESS ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Journal Article ,medicine ,Humans ,cancer ,Aged ,udc:616-006 ,business.industry ,MENTAL ADJUSTMENT ,medicine.disease ,Advanced cancer ,LONG ,lung cancer ,Action study ,kolorektalni rak ,strategije spoprijemanja ,Quality of Life ,business - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Even when medical treatments are limited, supporting patients' coping strategies could improve their quality of life. Greater understanding of patients' coping strategies, and influencing factors, can aid developing such support. We examined the prevalence of coping strategies and associated variables.METHODS: We used sociodemographic and baseline data from the ACTION trial, including measures of Denial, Acceptance, and Problem-focused coping (COPE; Brief COPE inventory), of patients with advanced cancer from six European countries. Clinicians provided clinical information. Linear mixed models with clustering at hospital level were used.RESULTS: Data from 675 patients with stage III/IV lung (342, 51%) or stage IV colorectal (333, 49%) cancer were used; mean age 66 (10 SD) years. Overall, patients scored low on Denial and high on Acceptance and Problem-focused coping. Older age was associated with higher scores on Denial than younger age (β = 0.05; CI[0.023; 0.074]), and patients from Italy (β = 1.57 CI[0.760; 2.388]) and Denmark (β = 1.82 CI[0.881; 2.750]) scored higher on Denial than patients in other countries.CONCLUSIONS: Patients with advanced cancer predominantly used Acceptance and Problem-focused coping, and Denial to a lesser extent. Since the studied coping strategies of patients with advanced cancer vary between subpopulations, we recommend taking these factors into account when developing tailored interventions to support patients' coping strategies.
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- 2020
43. Self-reported cognitive outcomes among adolescent and young adult patients with noncentral nervous system cancers
- Author
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Jaclyn Jia Jun Mah, Alexandre Chan, Chia Jie Tan, Wei Lin Goh, Eileen Poon, and Mohamad Farid Bin Harunal Rashid
- Subjects
Nervous system ,Male ,Pediatrics ,FACT-Cog ,distress thermometer ,Anxiety ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cognition ,Cancer Survivors ,Neoplasms ,Medicine ,Psychology ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Young adult ,Cognitive impairment ,Fatigue ,Minimal clinically important difference ,Middle Aged ,humanities ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Papers ,oncology ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Paper ,medicine.medical_specialty ,FACT‐Cog ,Adolescent ,Clinical Sciences ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Psycho-oncology ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,cancer ,Humans ,Cognitive Dysfunction ,Oncology & Carcinogenesis ,cognitive impairment ,business.industry ,Cancer ,medicine.disease ,psycho‐oncology ,psycho-oncology ,Self Report ,business - Abstract
Author(s): Tan, Chia Jie; Mah, Jaclyn Jia Jun; Goh, Wei Lin; Poon, Eileen; Harunal Rashid, Mohamad Farid; Chan, Alexandre | Abstract: ObjectiveCancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) among adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer patients with noncentral nervous system (CNS) cancers has not been well studied. In this study, we aimed to describe CRCI-associated trends and characteristics among AYA cancer patients.MethodsIn a longitudinal cohort of AYA cancer patients without CNS disease, CRCI was evaluated over 1 year using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Function Instrument, a self-reported cognitive outcome measure. CRCI prevalence was quantified using the previously established minimal clinically important difference. CRCI-associated longitudinal trends and factors were evaluated with mixed-effects model analysis.ResultsNinety-one patients (mean age = 28.4 ± 6.7 years) were included. Approximately one-third (34.1%) experienced CRCI at least once during the study follow-up. Female gender (P = .02), Indian ethnicity (P l .01), current smokers (P l .01), anxiety/depressive symptoms (P l .01) and fatigue (P l .01) were found to be associated with poorer cognitive function among AYAs.ConclusionsAlthough AYA cancer patients were relatively young and without CNS disease involvement, a significant proportion of them experienced clinically important decline in cognitive function. With improved understanding of this subject, effective strategies can be formulated to promote awareness of CRCI and mitigate its negative effects among AYA cancer patients.
- Published
- 2019
44. Exploring attentive task-based connectivity for screening attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder children: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study
- Author
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Stephanie Sutoko, Yukifumi Monden, Atsushi Maki, Takahiro Ikeda, Tsukasa Funane, Masako Nagashima, Takanori Yamagata, Tatsuya Tokuda, Hiroki Sato, Ippeita Dan, and Masashi Kiguchi
- Subjects
Paper ,medicine.medical_specialty ,near-infrared spectroscopy ,Neuroscience (miscellaneous) ,Attention task ,Audiology ,attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ,01 natural sciences ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,010309 optics ,03 medical and health sciences ,Typically developing ,0302 clinical medicine ,0103 physical sciences ,medicine ,screening tool ,Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,Clinical screening ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Resting state fMRI ,medicine.disease ,Right middle frontal gyrus ,Research Papers ,task-based connectivity ,attention ,Functional near-infrared spectroscopy ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Connectivity impairment has frequently been associated with the pathophysiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Although the connectivity of the resting state has mainly been studied, we expect the transition between baseline and task may also be impaired in ADHD children. Twenty-three typically developing (i.e., control) and 36 disordered (ADHD and autism-comorbid ADHD) children were subjected to connectivity analysis. Specifically, they performed an attention task, visual oddball, while their brains were measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy. The results of the measurements revealed three key findings. First, the control group maintained attentive connectivity, even in the baseline interval. Meanwhile, the disordered group showed enhanced bilateral intra- and interhemispheric connectivities while performing the task. However, right intrahemispheric connectivity was found to be weaker than those for the control group. Second, connectivity and activation characteristics might not be positively correlated with each other. In our previous results, disordered children lacked activation in the right middle frontal gyrus. However, within region connectivity of the right middle frontal gyrus was relatively strong in the baseline interval and significantly increased in the task interval. Third, the connectivity-based biomarker performed better than the activation-based biomarker in terms of screening. Activation and connectivity features were independently optimized and cross validated to obtain the best performing threshold-based classifier. The effectiveness of connectivity features, which brought significantly higher training accuracy than the optimum activation features, was confirmed (88% versus 76%). The optimum screening features were characterized by two trends: (1) strong connectivities of right frontal, left frontal, and left parietal lobes and (2) weak connectivities of left frontal, left parietal, and right parietal lobes in the control group. We conclude that the attentive task-based connectivity effectively shows the difference between control and disordered children and may represent pathological characteristics to be feasibly implemented as a supporting tool for clinical screening.
- Published
- 2019
45. Comparative Study of Occlusal Contact Marking Indicators
- Author
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Tanya Bozhkova
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Molar ,Orthodontics ,Dental practice ,Paper ,Articulator ,occlusal co ,lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,Tooth surface ,General Medicine ,Dental Occlusion ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Occlusal contact ,Humans ,articulating foil ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Indicators and Reagents ,articulating paper ,Psychology - Abstract
Background: A variety of indicators to register occlusal contacts are used in the daily dental practice. One of the most frequently used qualitative occlusal indicators is the articulating paper. Its reliability is often disputed because this indicator could produce false positive results or fail to register any occlusal contacts. Aim: To compare the number and size of the recorded contacts on a tooth surface obtained with articulating paper and foil. Materials and methods: Typodonts of upper and lower jaw with intact dental arches Frasaco A-3Z were fixed in a Girbach arcon articulator. Articulating contacts were marked with 12-micron Bausch articulating foil and 200-micron Bausch articulating paper under the same load. For each study a new sheet of the occlusal indicators was used, and 10 repetitions were made for each one. After every marking, the lower jaw was dismounted from the articulator and the distribution of the markings was videographed using a camera. The number of occlusal contacts was entered in a table. We analysed the markings on the first maxillary and first mandibular molars. Results: We found that fewer and bigger contacts were recorded using the 200-micron articulating paper in comparison with the contacts obtained using the foil.Statistical analysis showed that there is significant difference in the number of the occlusal contacts registered with articulating paper, since p < 0.05. Conclusions: The type of occlusal contact indicator has an effect on the number and the size of the occlusal contact markings
- Published
- 2019
46. Perspectives on Electronic Informed Consent From Patients Underrepresented in Research in the United States: A Focus Group Study
- Author
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Eric L. Eisenstein, Gary E. Rosenthal, Christian M Simon, David W Klein, and Helen A. Schartz
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Paper ,Rural Population ,Value (ethics) ,Telemedicine ,Social Psychology ,White People ,Education ,Consent Forms ,Limited access ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Informed consent ,Computer literacy ,Humans ,Confidentiality ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Minority Groups ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Medical education ,Informed Consent ,Research ,Communication ,Focus Groups ,Middle Aged ,Focus group ,United States ,Black or African American ,Attitude ,Privacy ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,Computer Literacy ,Psychology ,Rural population - Abstract
Digital informed consent may better inform individuals about health research and increase participation. In the United States and elsewhere, minorities and rural populations are underrepresented in health research and may benefit from well-designed electronic informed consent (eIC). Seven focus groups were conducted with 50 Caucasian, African American, and rural patients in the United States. Participants were asked their preferences for a paper versus electronic informed consent document. Participants found the e-version easier to use, more interesting, and better for understanding. Minority participants emphasized limited access, computer literacy, and trust barriers to eIC. Rural participants were concerned about accessibility, connectivity, privacy, and confidentiality. People see value in electronic consenting. Researchers should consider barriers to eIC among underrepresented populations before recruitment.
- Published
- 2018
47. A meta-analytic review of measurement equivalence study findings of the SF-36® and SF-12® Health Surveys across electronic modes compared to paper administration
- Author
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Avery A. Rizio, Michelle K. White, Stephen Maher, and Jakob B. Bjorner
- Subjects
PRO ,Male ,Paper ,SF-36 ,English language ,Equivalence ,Article ,ePRO ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Statistics ,Electronic ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Patient Reported Outcome Measures ,Equivalence (measure theory) ,Language ,Measurement ,Patient-reported outcomes ,030503 health policy & services ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Moderation ,Health Surveys ,Meta-analysis ,Search terms ,Research studies ,Quality of Life ,Health survey ,Female ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,Software - Abstract
Purpose Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures originally developed for paper administration are increasingly being administered electronically in clinical trials and other health research studies. Three published meta-analyses of measurement equivalence among paper and electronic modes aggregated findings across hundreds of PROs, but there has not been a similar meta-analysis that addresses a single PRO, partly because there are not enough published measurement equivalence studies using the same PRO. Because the SF-36(R) Health Survey (SF-36) is a widely used PRO, the aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of measurement equivalence studies of this survey. Methods A literature search of several medical databases used search terms for variations of “SF-36” or “SF-12” and “equivalence” in the title or abstract of English language publications. The eight scale scores and two summary measures of the SF-36 and SF-12 were transformed to norm-based scores (NBS) using developer guidelines. A threshold of within ± 2 NBS points was set as the margin of equivalence. Comprehensive meta-analysis software was used. Results Twenty-five studies were included in the meta-analysis. Results indicated that mean differences across domains and summary scores ranged from 0.01 to 0.39 while estimates of agreement ranged from 0.76 to 0.91, all well within the equivalence threshold. Moderator analyses showed that time between administration, survey language, and type of electronic device did not influence equivalence. Conclusions The results of the meta-analysis support equivalence of paper-based and electronic versions of the SF-36 and SF-12 across a variety of disease populations, countries, and electronic modes.
- Published
- 2018
48. Acceptability and satisfaction of project MOVE: A pragmatic feasibility trial aimed at increasing physical activity in female breast cancer survivors
- Author
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Kristin L. Campbell, Tanya Pullen, Joan L. Bottorff, Susan Ellard, Cristina M. Caperchione, Catherine M. Sabiston, Paul Sharp, Kayla Fitzpatrick, and Carolyn C. Gotay
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Gerontology ,Program evaluation ,Paper ,financial incentives ,health promotion ,Physical activity ,physical activity ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Breast Neoplasms ,microgrants ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Breast cancer ,Financial incentives ,Cancer Survivors ,Survivorship curve ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,medicine ,cancer ,Humans ,Oncology & Carcinogenesis ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Program Development ,Exercise ,Aged ,Motivation ,Focus Groups ,Middle Aged ,Patient Acceptance of Health Care ,medicine.disease ,Focus group ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Health promotion ,Incentive ,Patient Satisfaction ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Papers ,oncology ,community‐based intervention ,Feasibility Studies ,Female ,women ,Psychology ,survivorship - Abstract
© 2018 The Authors. Psycho-Oncology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Objective: Despite the physical and psychological health benefits associated with physical activity (PA) for breast cancer (BC) survivors, up to 70% of female BC survivors are not meeting minimum recommended PA guidelines. The objective of this study was to evaluate acceptability and satisfaction with Project MOVE, an innovative approach to increase PA among BC survivors through the combination of microgrants and financial incentives. Methods: A mixed-methods design was used. Participants were BC survivors and support individuals with a mean age of 58.5 years. At 6-month follow-up, participants completed a program evaluation questionnaire (n = 72) and participated in focus groups (n = 52) to explore their experience with Project MOVE. Results: Participants reported that they were satisfied with Project MOVE (86.6%) and that the program was appropriate for BC survivors (96.3%). Four main themes emerged from focus groups: (1) acceptability and satisfaction of Project MOVE, detailing the value of the model in developing tailored group-base PA programs; (2) the importance of Project MOVE leaders, highlighting the value of a leader that was organized and a good communicator; (3) breaking down barriers with Project MOVE, describing how the program helped to address common BC related barriers; and (4) motivation to MOVE, outlining how the microgrants enabled survivors to be active, while the financial incentive motivated them to increase and maintain their PA. Conclusion: The findings provide support for the acceptability of Project MOVE as a strategy for increasing PA among BC survivors.
- Published
- 2018
49. Individual differences in schizophrenia
- Author
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Dai Zhang, Hao Yu, Weihua Yue, Lin Wan, Lena Palaniyappan, Jianfeng Feng, Edmund T. Rolls, Peter F. Liddle, Chuanyue Wang, Hao Yan, Wenlian Lu, Lingjiang Li, Fude Yang, and Yunlong Tan
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Paper ,Volition (psychology) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Multiple episode ,Creative commons ,medicine.disease ,Disease cluster ,3. Good health ,030227 psychiatry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,0302 clinical medicine ,Schizophrenia ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Motor retardation ,Psychiatry ,Antipsychotic ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,RC ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Background Whether there are distinct subtypes of schizophrenia is an important issue to advance understanding and treatment of schizophrenia. Aims To understand and treat individuals with schizophrenia, the aim was to advance understanding of differences between individuals, whether there are discrete subtypes, and how first-episode patients (FEP) may differ from multiple episode patients (MEP). Method These issues were analysed in 687 FEP and 1880 MEP with schizophrenia using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for (PANSS) schizophrenia before and after antipsychotic medication for 6 weeks. Results The seven Negative Symptoms were correlated with each other and with P2 (conceptual disorganisation), G13 (disturbance of volition), and G7 (motor retardation). The main difference between individuals was in the cluster of seven negative symptoms, which had a continuous unimodal distribution. Medication decreased the PANSS scores for all the symptoms, which were similar in the FEP and MEP groups. Conclusions The negative symptoms are a major source of individual differences, and there are potential implications for treatment. Declaration of interests L.P. received speaker fees from Otsuka Canada and educational grant from Janssen Canada in 2017. Copyright and usage © The Royal College of Psychiatrists 2017. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) license.
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- 2017
50. DA CENA TRÁGICA À CENA ANALÍTICA.
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Maurano, Denise
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AESTHETICS ,PHILOSOPHY ,PSYCHOLOGY ,VALUES (Ethics) ,PAPER - Abstract
Copyright of Trivium (2176-4891) is the property of Mestrado Profissional em Psicanalise, Saude e Sociedade da Universidade Veiga de Almeida and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
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