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Objective:To investigate the perceived effects of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic lockdown measures on food availability, accessibility, dietary practices and strategies used by participants to cope with these measures.Design:We conducted a cross-sectional multi-country online survey between May and July 2020. We used a study-specific questionnaire mainly based on the adaptation of questions to assess food security and coping strategies from the World Food Programme’s ‘Emergency Food Security Assessment’ and ‘The Coping Strategy Index’.Setting:The questionnaire was hosted online using Google Forms and shared using social media platforms.Participants:A total of 1075 adult participants from eighty-two countries completed the questionnaire.Results:As a prelude to COVID-19 lockdowns, 62·7 % of the participants reported to have stockpiled food, mainly cereals (59·5 % of the respondents) and legumes (48·8 %). An increase in the prices of staples, such as cereals and legumes, was widely reported. Price increases have been identified as an obstacle to food acquisition by 32·7 % of participants. Participants reported having lesser variety (50·4 %), quality (30·2 %) and quantity (39·2 %) of foods, with disparities across regions. Vulnerable groups were reported to be facing some struggle to acquire adequate food, especially people with chronic diseases (20·2 %), the elderly (17·3 %) and children (14·5 %). To cope with the situation, participants mostly relied on less preferred foods (49 %), reduced portion sizes (30 %) and/or reduced the number of meals (25·7 %).Conclusions:The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted food accessibility and availability, altered dietary practices and worsened the food insecurity situation, particularly in the most fragile regions.

Researchers have observed differences in stress levels, and coping abilities and mechanisms based on the community being studied. This paper reports on the impact of extracurricular activities and student communities on stress and coping for youth in the Seattle area. Various self-reports, distributed through school health teachers, were used to gain information on students' stress levels, coping mechanisms, and coping ability. Results indicate that general categorizations of communities and activities (music, sports, etc.) did not demonstrate a significant correlation with students' stress or coping levels. Correlations between stress and coping were found, as were correlations between stress and coping and the number of communities/activities that students were involved in. Results provide insight into how students' activity loads impact their stress and coping levels more than the specific activities they are involved in and open the door to further research in the field.

In this contribution, using a case-study approach, we focus on the assassination of Ján Kuciak and his fiancée and explore the impact and consequences that it had on the community of investigative journalists in Slovakia. By conducting a series of semi-structured interviews with top investigative journalists (N = 12), we seek to answer two questions: How have they coped with the murder of their colleague? And, how has this incident changed their everyday journalistic practices and routines when it comes to achieving and maintaining safety? We identified 12 coping actions which, based on their function, were organised into five higher order families of coping: emotional purging; sharing and support seeking; avoidance and displacement; defiance and defence; and spreading the legacy and giving meaning to the tragedy. Regarding safety and security practices, the journalists claim that their approach has fundamentally changed. A variety of measures to stay safe, both online and offline, were adopted both on the organisational and on the individual level. However, many of these measures are not used consistently, mostly because they are not deemed necessary when covering non-sensitive topics, but also because of their impracticality in everyday journalistic work, and sceptical and fatalistic approach of the journalists to safety.

International students bring academic, cultural, and economic value to universities around the world. However, adjustments for these students can be difficult as a result of culture shock, resulting in early exit from the university. In order to help inform university personnel on how to better assist international students, this study examines the interpersonal, psychological, and physiological symptoms of culture shock of three Korean international graduate students at a large public university in the southwest United States. Data were collected through three interviews and seven weekly online journals. The findings uncovered the existence of culture shock for each of the three participants to differing degrees at various times throughout the semester. In particular, a comparatively higher incidence of interpersonal and psychological culture shock symptoms compared with physiological ones was displayed, thus showing strong support for theories that conceptualize culture shock as individualized in nature. In addition, the data revealed that personal characteristics, family, religion, and exercise all played a role in the participants' abilities to cope with culture shock. The results of this study could help universities better understand and support international students, ensuring that the university can benefit from the unique value these students bring to campus.

Background: Adult sexual assault (ASA) is often associated with negative mental health consequences. The psychological needs of ASA survivors are overlooked while the legal and social needs focused on. Methodology: It is a cross-sectional study. The ASA survivors who came for medical evaluation were included in the study after obtaining consent. Fifty ASA survivors were interviewed for the study. Psychopathology, perceived social support, and coping mechanisms were assessed during interview using especially designed semi-structured pro forma. Results: The mean age of participants was 25.6 ± 7.2 years. Forty-one of 50 survivors suffered from major depressive disorder or posttraumatic stress disorder or both with 33 expressing suicidal ideas. Maximum social support was perceived from family and least from significant others such as health-care workers, police, and judiciary. Problem solving and expressive action are associated with better perceived social support by family as well as friends. Conclusion: Depression and suicidal ideas among majority the survivors of ASA highlight the mental devastation the sexual assault causes to a woman. Although family is primary social support to them, health-care workers and law enforcement officials are not perceived as supportive toward the survivors. Routine mental health assistance and empathetic approach by all parties involved in the management of survivors are needed in these cases.

Vicarious trauma (VT) has been studied in mental health experts for over 30 years due to their engagement with victims of trauma and exposure to details of events, crimes, and tragedies experienced by their patients. Recently, VT studies have been extended to first responders as they also engage with victims on a level which may affect their own wellbeing. First responders involved in the criminal justice system, such as law enforcement personnel, have benefited from these studies as the results have helped drive organizational change. However, other professionals throughout the criminal justice system, such as forensic scientists, have had far fewer studies published, and the awareness of VT they may be experiencing has only recently come to light. While this review is not exhaustive of all literature on VT, it showcases key studies and research gaps that could benefit the forensic science community and associated criminal justice system professionals.

Background: A vast amount of research has demonstrated the numerous adverse health risks of short sleep duration and poor sleep health among the general population, and increasing studies have been conducted among lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. However, although poor sleep health is disproportionately experienced by sexual and gender minority populations, little research has examined sleep quality and associated factors among transgender and gender nonbinary (TGNB) individuals. This study qualitatively explored the relationship that factors such as gender identity, mental health, and substance use have with sleep health among a sample of TGNB individuals in New York City. Methods: Forty in-depth interviews were conducted among an ethnically diverse sample who identified as transgender male, transgender female, and gender nonbinary from July to August 2017. All interviews were transcribed, coded, and thematically analyzed for domains affecting overall sleep, including mental health, gender identity, and various coping mechanisms to improve overall sleep. Results: TGNB interview participants frequently described one or more problems with sleeping. Some (15%) participants suggested that mental health issues caused them to have difficulty falling asleep, but that psychiatric medication was effective in reducing mental health issues and allowing them to sleep. An even larger number (35%) told us that their gender identity negatively impacted their sleep. Specifically, participants described that the presence of breasts, breast binding, stress and anxiety about their identity, and concerns about hormonal therapy and gender-affirming surgery were all reported as contributing to sleep problems. Given these sleep challenges, it is not surprising that most (60%) participants used various strategies to cope with and manage their sleep problems, including prescription and over-the-counter sleep medications (33%) and marijuana (18%). Conclusions: Our findings document that sleep health is frequently an issue for TGNB individuals, and they also offer insight into the various ways that TGNB individuals attempt to cope with these sleep problems. Sleep health promotion interventions should be developed for TGNB people, which would promote positive mental health, reduce the risk of pharmaceutical adverse events, and help alleviate psychosocial stress in this target population.

Background: The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) throughout the world leads to a series of modifications of several National Health Service organizations, with a potential series of psychological consequences among nurses.Methods: This study was undertaken to assess the psychological stress, anxiety factors, and coping mechanisms of critical care unit nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak. A cross-sectional research design was employed, and the convenience sample consisted of 469 nurses working at several hospitals in Saudi Arabia during the period from July to September 2020. This study used the Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Coping Mechanism, and Nursing Stress scale.Results: Interestingly, more than one-third and one-quarter of the studied nurses had severe and moderate anxiety levels, respectively. In addition, the most anxiety-causing factors included providing care for their infected colleagues and worrying about infecting their families. More than one-quarter and slightly less than half of the studied nurses had high and moderate stress levels, respectively. Furthermore, more than half of the participants had low coping mechanisms and one-quarter had moderate coping mechanisms. In addition, there was a strong positive correlation between anxiety and stress levels, and there was a strong negative correlation between coping mechanisms and stress and anxiety levels.Conclusions: Collectively, this study explored the psychological stress, anxiety factors, and coping mechanisms among critical care unit nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak in Saudi Arabia. Continuous educational programs for nurses on using coping mechanisms should be developed in combination with teaching preventive measures for defining a psychological intervention plan within a mandatory occupational health surveillance program. This study recommends that constructive planning and necessary provision of supportive measures by the legal authorities and policymakers protect nurses and minimize their psychological stress to fulfill high-quality nursing care.

Introduction: Learning that a couple has HIV-discordant results can create tensions in the relationship including separation. We explored the coping mechanisms of HIV-discordant, heterosexual couples enrolled in an HIV self-testing (HIVST) intervention trial in Central Uganda.Materials and Methods: This qualitative study was nested within a pilot HIVST intervention trial targeting pregnant women and their male partners in central Uganda. In-depth interviews were conducted with 18 individuals from 13 HIV-discordant couples between July and September 2018; 18 months after the end of the main trial. Data were collected on the couples' initial reactions after learning about their HIV-discordant status, mechanisms adopted by couples to cope with HIV-discordance, and suggestions on how couples in similar situations can be supported. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed manually following a thematic framework approach.Findings: Of the 13 HIV-discordant couples, the female partner was HIV-positive (M–F+) in seven, while the male partner was HIV-positive (F–M+) in six. The mean (±SD) age of the participants was 32.6 (±6.4) years and participants had stayed together for an average of 5.5 (±3.6) years. Fourteen participants from nine couples already knew about their HIV-discordant status by the time they participated in the HIVST trial. After learning about their HIV-discordant status, most individuals (15) thought of abandoning their relationship; three (3) thought of committing suicide. To cope with HIV-discordance, some couples reported that they sought professional counselling support from healthcare providers, and this was particularly true for couples that were already aware of their HIV-discordant status by the time they participated in the HIVST trial. However, new couples that learnt about their HIV-discordant status after participating in the trial reported that they sought psycho-social support from friends or relatives. In the majority of cases, couples reported that they reduced the frequency of sex or abstained from sex. Some couples temporarily separated from their partners, while a few others resorted to using condoms to reduce HIV infection risk.Conclusion: Couples used a variety of approaches to cope with HIV-discordance. Study findings underscore the importance of ongoing professional counselling and psycho-social support in helping couples to cope with HIV-discordance.

Background: Families of the mental health care users (MHCUs) face different challenges in dealing with, supporting and caring for MHCUs on a daily basis. The divergent coping mechanisms that the family members use aim to lower the negative, psychological and emotional impact of the stress. These include: escape, avoidance and denial. Aim: To explore, describe and contextualise coping mechanisms used by the families of MHCUs and to suggest recommendations for improving their coping mechanisms in Mahikeng sub-district, North West province (NWP), South Africa. Setting: The study was conducted in three community health centres in Mahikeng sub-district, NWP, South Africa. Methods: A qualitative-exploratory-descriptive and contextual research design was used. Non-probability convenience and purposive sampling techniques were used to select participants. WhatsApp video calls were used to collect data which were analysed following Creswell’s six steps of qualitative data analysis. Results: The study established three themes namely; challenges experienced by the family members, coping mechanism used by the family members, and suggestions for improvement in the coping mechanisms for the family members. Conclusion: The findings of this study show that the family members of MHCUs are faced with different challenges. Some of the coping mechanisms used by the family members are insufficient and require improvement to enable them to cope effectively. When the coping mechanisms of the family members of MHCUs are improved, their well-being and that of the MHCUs might improve significantly. Contribution : The findings of this study provides information that may be used to improve the coping mechanisms of the families of MHCUs in the NWP, South Africa.

The study aimed to understand the nature and context of mental health stigma among people living with a mental health condition and the subsequent effect on their caregivers. Semi-structured qualitative face to face interviews were conducted by trained mental healthcare professionals with mental health service users (n = 26) and caregivers (n = 24) in private rooms at a tertiary health facility, where service users were admitted. Following transcription and translation, data was analysed using framework analysis. There was limited knowledge about their mental health diagnosis by service users and generally low mental health literacy among service users and caregivers. Mental health service users reported experiences of stigma from their own families and communities. Caregivers reported withholding the patient’s diagnosis from the community for fear of being stigmatised, and this fear of stigma carries the risk of negatively affecting care treatment-seeking. Limited mental health knowledge, coupled with a high prevalence of perceived family and community stigma among caregivers and service users, impedes the capacity of caregivers to effectively cope in supporting their family members living with mental illness. There is a need for interventions to provide psychoeducation, reduce community stigma, and support coping strategies for caregivers and people with mental health conditions.

Stress has been identified as the antecedent for undesirable outcomes, such as depression and self-harm but there still lack of awareness on extent of its impact on academics most notably in a developing country like the Philippines. Thus, a multicenter and interdisciplinary study was employed on 501 students from six state universities in the Philippines. A questionnaire structured to assess the perception of the students as to the severity of identified stressors) as well as the prevalence of the coping mechanisms they adopt to overcome stress was used. The results indicated that academic stressors proved to be the main contributory factor to levels of distress among undergraduates. Educators and decision-makers should tailor regular student evaluations and programs that ensure the impediment of the sources of stress and other measures for further prevention.

Chemotherapy could cause pain in the patient, thus causing the condition of the body would gradually weaken. This condition would make the patient delay the therapy due to physical symptoms and emotional pressure (psychological), which affected the seriousness of patients in the treatment and strong coping mechanism required to maintain good conditions One of the empirical evidence of conceptual model theory "Holistic Adaptif System", Callista Roy put it, this model was used in chronic illnesses undergoing treatment, because theoretically successful handling by conducting adaptive coping mechanism behavior was an important variable in the physiological and psychological adaptation process to the stimulus that occurs. This study aimed to identify the behavior of patients using Callista Roy adaptology. This study aimed to analyze factors that influenced coping mechanisms in chemotherapy patients with the Callista Roy adaptation theory approach. This research design is analytical with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study were 95 patients. This research sampling technique was Consecutive Sampling. The sample size in this study was 78 respondents who met the criteria of the researcher. The research instrument used CAPS with an adaptation theory approach. The results showed that educational factors (p = 0.031) and job (p = 0.023) influenced the coping mechanism with the theory approach of Callista Roy adaptation to chemotherapy patients. The higher the level of education, the tolerance and control of stressors is better so that coping mechanisms become adaptive. Those who worked were more stress because they had to combine their work with scheduled care.

Maternity blues classified as mild psychological disorders that are sometimes experienced by postpartum mothers. To cope with maternity blues, the mother can adopt coping mechanisms. This study aims to determine coping mechanisms in mothers who experienced maternity blues in Elim Rantepao Hospital. Type this study is a qualitative study with descriptive approach. The participants consisted of five main informants that mothers who experienced maternity blues, 3 participants support (family), and one key participant (midwife who cared for). Research results obtained show that how mother cope with stress is also highly dependent on the resources available, such as family support mothers serve as the source of the greatest coping, besides spiritual beliefs, social support, balance of energy and material, also used as a source her coping. But things are different are obtained, is heir belief or trust in which the mother perform rituals or believe to get a peace, for that in the face of maternity blues, it needed the support of the coping resources that mothers do not continue in conditions more severe disorders.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mental health disorder that affects not only the person living with this chronic disease, but also the family and caregiver. Caregivers, often family members, do not realise how caregiving will impact on them and the rest of the family, until they experience it first-hand. This qualitative study used a collective case study and one-to-one interviews. Non-probability purposive sampling was used with selection criteria. One of the themes generated from the study was the needs of caregivers of patients with BD. Sub-themes included: acknowledgement, sacrificing their own needs, support (emotional and financial), information/knowledge, skills, tools and coping mechanisms, space/freedom/day off, order and stability, need for a programme and future plans. It was found that it is essential to address the needs of caregivers

Background: Burnout is a psychological, work-related syndrome associated with long-term exposure to emotional and interpersonal stressors in the workplace. Burnout syndrome in nurses is often caused by an imbalance between work requirements and preparation and fitness for work, a lack of control, insufficient performance recognition and a prolonged exposure to stress. Aim: The aims of this study were to explore the associations between levels of burnout syndrome, coping mechanisms and job satisfaction in critical care nurses in multivariate modelling process. A specific aim was also to explore whether coping and job satisfaction in critical care nurses are gender related. Methods: A cross-sectional multicentre study was conducted in a convenience sample of 620 critical care nurses from five university hospitals in Croatia in 2017. The data were collected using the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Ways of Coping and Job Satisfaction Scale together with the nurses’ demographic profiles and were analysed using a multivariable model. Results: The results showed no significant association between gender, coping mechanisms and job satisfaction. However, significant negative associations between burnout and job satisfaction (OR = 0.01, 95%CI = 0.00–0.02, p &lt, 0.001) and positive association between burnout and passive coping (OR = 9.93, 95%CI = 4.01–24.61, p &lt, 0.001) were found. Conclusion: The association between job satisfaction and burnout in nurses urges hospital management teams to consider actions focused on job satisfaction, probably modifications of the work environment. Given that passive coping may increase the incidence of burnout, it is recommendable for active coping to be implemented in nurses’ training programmes as an essential element of capacity building aimed at reducing the incidence of burnout in nurses.

In the wake of declaration of Covid-19 as a pandemic by the World Health Organization, the Prime Minister of India announced a nationwide lockdown to curb its spread. Subsequently, some groups of people found themselves away from their family or friends, and were unable to return to them. The aim of the research was to explore the lives of young adults who were living alone and working, during the lockdown in India. Focus was on their daily living, their relationships and their mental health. Twelve participants residing in various cities of India were included via the Internet. Focus group discussions were used to attain the objectives of the study. The data that emerged from the discussions, was analysed using thematic analysis. All participants had experienced different kinds of disruptions in their life due to the lockdown. This effect was mediated by their financial situation, their general comfort and preference for living alone, media, opportunities for non-virtual interactions and other kinds of recreation, quality of relationships and more. Though there were similarities in their coping methods, their perspective on the lockdown, the meaning they attributed to their current situation and their vision for their future was unique.

During periods of drought, coping mechanisms employed by society differ based on gender, and are related to socio-cultural implications. This study is premised on the gendered approach to drought-coping mechanisms by focusing on the manner in which communities undergoing drought adapt to the adversities experienced and thus employ gender-sensitive coping mechanisms. Socio-cultural implications emphasise and dictate the different gendered behaviour patterns within society. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine and evaluate gender-differentiated coping mechanisms of withstanding drought used by communities in the Lubombo region of Eswatini. The exploration of this phenomenon utilised a mixed-methods approach to collecting data. This universal approach involved adopting both qualitative and quantitative techniques of gathering information to help in an in-depth analysis of the situation in the Lubombo region. Under the umbrella of mixed methodology, an exploratory sequential approach was used to collect data. The purpose was to allow findings from a qualitative phase to be developed and tested for wider application and validation using a quantitative approach. The collection tools used under the qualitative enquiry included semi-structured interviews, face-to-face interviews and a focus group. The information gathered was subsequently presented in a thematic manner to draw attention on the dynamics within coping mechanisms. Two sampling techniques were used: initial stratified random sampling (representing the population being sampled) followed by purposive sampling to specify population characteristics and thus locating individuals who match the characteristics. There were 179 respondents in the study, of which 83 respondents were part of the focus group discussions and the remaining 80 respondents engaged in self-completion survey questions. The gender spectrum of the respondents was uneven during the focus groups with 39 females and 44 males. However, during the self-completion survey questions, an even number of 40 males and 40 females participated. The gender gap observed displayed women as burdened with developing various coping mechanisms, whereas men solely adapted through seeking employment. Women’s coping mechanisms included crop production, water management, foreign aid, sale of livestock and household functional change. In contrast, men’s coping mechanisms involved migration and seeking employment. The disparities between men and women were observed as founded in cultural beliefs and practices as women tool a domestic role whilst men were tasked to be providers. This perspective directly impacts on the lines of vulnerabilities during drought, declaring women as the target population for social aid such as food packages from foreign aid and strong social capital. Through this study, culture and vulnerability were identified as risk factors contributing to the impact of drought forcing men and women to build and engage in mechanisms to alleviate the adversities experienced. The major recommendation of this study is that drought-prone communities need to build gender-sensitive and gender-neutral coping mechanisms to withstand the adversities of drought.

Background: The main objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the impact of a classroom activity involving music on anxiety associated with preparing for and taking an assessment. Methods: Two hundred and two (202) pharmacy students were randomly assigned to one of two conditions of the experimental study: active music playing (n = 103) versus passive music listening (n = 99). All students completed a pre-test, a mid-test, and a post-test including: an &ldquo, Attitudes and Perceptions&rdquo, survey, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults (STAI Survey), and a knowledge assessment. Data were analyzed to determine the impact each of the music interventions had on students&rsquo, test anxiety. Results: Both types of musical interventions produced similar results in terms of anxiety reduction. Faced with an upcoming test prior to the musical intervention, average state-trait anxiety scores increased, after the musical intervention, state-trait anxiety scores decreased. Conclusions: The use of music helped to reduce test anxiety, even after one brief musical intervention, regardless of whether students passively listened to music or actively played music.

Almost no nation has been spared as the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has swept around the world. As the pandemic has upended much of society, frontline health care workers have shouldered much of the burden. Among other professionals, Mental Health Psychology Practitioners contribute significantly to fighting off the negative psychological effects of COVID-19, including distress, anxiety, and depression – provided they themselves can demonstrate resilience. This qualitative study investigated how Mental Health Psychology Practitioners experience the pandemic and the mechanisms they employ to demonstrate resilience.

Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic which hit 215 countries has an impact on all aspects of life for the world community, including Indonesia. One of the most significant impacts is the world of education. The government policy towards education is to do distance learning or learning from home. This changing learning system raises various problems, especially for nursing students. Competencies that must be mastered by nursing students, especially at the final level, apart from a cognitive perspective, are also abilities in the psychomotor field and skills where this ability is obtained by laboratory practice and the ability to provide direct nursing care to patients in the hospital. This change raises its own problems for student psychology, students have feelings of anxiety and worry about their studies. Students also questioned whether they can graduate at the specified time. This study aims to analyze the relationship between anxiety and coping mechanisms in final semester nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This study used a descriptive correlational design with a cross sectional approach. The population is students of the Akper Pemkab Ngawi in the final semester of the 2018/2019 academic year, the sampling technique used is total sampling with a total of 110 respondents. The anxiety instrument used is the STAI measurement scale and the scale of the coping mechanism. The statistical test used is the Pearson correlation. Results: The results obtained were that there was a significant relationship between anxiety and the coping mechanism used by students with a value of p = 0.007 for the state anxiety scale and p = 0.000 for the trait anxiety scale. Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the final semester student anxiety during the Covid-19 pandemic is more towards momentary anxiety, where this could have happened because the feeling of uncertainty in their study was related to the covid-19 pandemic

Background & Aim: This study aimed to explore the transitional challenges of newly hired psychiatric nurses in the care of clients with schizophrenia and the coping mechanisms that they use to overcome their transitional challenges. Methods & Materials: This descriptive-qualitative study interviewed six purposively selected newly hired psychiatric nurses caring for patients with schizophrenia who work for about six months to two years in a Psychiatric Training Hospital in the Philippines. An interview protocol was used to obtain data with strict observance of relevant ethical considerations. In determining the emerging themes and subthemes from the transcribed data with trustworthiness, thematic analysis was employed. Results: Two major prior codes were explored, namely, transitional challenges and coping mechanisms. On the one hand, five subthemes emerged under the transitional challenges that include emotional challenges, need for professional growth, nurses’ recognition of the inability to patient care management, need support from more experienced colleagues. Experience/feel the shock in the encounter of people with a mental health condition. On the other hand, four subthemes were unearthed under coping mechanisms that include emotional responses, professional coping strategies (i.e., reliance on the adequate support system, establishing the professional nurse-patient relationship, call to professional advancement, and commitment to evidence-based practice), and institutional coping strategies. Conclusion: While newly hired nurses experience tremendous transitional challenges, their coping mechanisms continuously emerge and develop. The nursing administration needs to foster sustainable mentoring and resilience programs essential in aiding newly hired nurses’ adaptation and adjustment to the professional work environment.

This study aims to address a research gap related to the outcomes of the use of technology when the performance falls short of initial expectations, and the coping mechanisms that users may deploy in such circumstances. By adopting Cognitive Dissonance Theory, the objectives of the study are a) to examine how dissonance, caused by the negative disconfirmation of expectations, may translate into a positive outcome and b) study how negative emotions, such as anger, guilt and regret, determine the selection of the mechanism to reduce dissonance. The theorised model was tested using a cross-sectional research design and a sample of 387 smart home users. The focus on smart home users fitted the objectives of the study due to the high expectations that users form and the challenges that the utilisation of technology sometimes causes. The collected data was analysed using structural equation modelling. Findings indicate that post-disconfirmation dissonance induces feelings of anger, guilt and regret, correlating with dissonance reduction mechanisms, which in turn have a distinctive effect on satisfaction and wellbeing. The findings of the study contribute to the discussion on expectation-disconfirmation and cognitive dissonance, by illustrating the interrelationship between emotional, cognitive and behavioural factors following the evaluation of technology performance and confirming that negative disconfirmation may result in satisfaction.

Introduction Stress is currently ubiquitous in the modern world and dentists are very susceptible to stress. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate subjective perception of stress in dentists, confirm known correlations between stress and various factors, such as gender, age, socioeconomic level, work seniority, and specialization. Material and methods The research was conducted through an electronic survey, which was sent via email to 800 addresses of actively working dentists in the Republic of Croatia. The survey was completed by 432 respondents. Results 91.9% of participants considered dentistry a stressful occupation, 46.1% of respondents believed that practicing dentistry may cause problems in mental health, 93% of participants thought that practicing dentistry can endanger their general health. Regarding working experience, the participants’ group with less than 10 years of experience identified fear of unsuccessful outcomes more frequently compared to their colleagues with more experience. Specialists perceived their health risks as lesser than expected. We found that 77.1% of participants were smokers. Conclusions Chronic stress remains one of the principal factors contributing to the decline in overall health and mental health among dental professionals. No association was found between gender and stress, or stressor perceptions. In regard to working experience, we found that younger dentists with up to 10 years of experience presented with more fear from unsuccessful outcomes. It was also found that general dentists perceived health risks as greater in contrast to specialists. Male participants reported a much greater frequency of consumption of alcoholic beverages than female counterparts. Also, specialists reported consuming strong alcoholic beverages more than expected.

Being in an unfamiliar situation contributes stifling experiences to a student. He/she needs to adjust to his/her new environment. This study dealt with the challenges and coping mechanisms of Muslim college students in a Catholic higher education institution (HEI). The aim for this study is to help those coming from other faiths adjust well in the college run by Catholic administrators. The researchers selected some Muslim students in one of the Higher Education Institution in Region IX, Philippines The researchers employed the phenomenological qualitative design to highlight the pattern of experiences of the students. Based on the findings, there are ten themes regarding the challenges experienced by the research participants namely: compulsory attendance in religious activities, attending classes on religious education subjects, not being able to pray, having a class on Tuesdays and Fridays: 11:30 – 1PM, minimal Struggles, teachers who are not considering the views of others, very early activities, disagreement with parents, language barrier and adjustment. Some of their coping mechanisms are respecting the policies of the school, being absent from religious activities and explaining to the authorities. Therefore, it is best for the students to study when they have a welcoming environment in the school.

Mental health is an area of continuous analysis, both in the context of understanding increasingly precise diagnostic criteria and the impact of therapeutic methods. In addition to these well-established directions of analysis and search, psychology tries to explore the factors that bring us closer to understanding the mechanisms of the genesis and development of disorders, as well as their importance in psychoeducation or therapy. The increased interest in issues of spirituality/religion observed in recent years translates into the pursuit to explore the relationship between religion/spirituality and health. This article reviews research into the ability of religion and spirituality to benefit or harm the mental health of believers. We also examine the mechanism of developing religious delusions in schizophrenia. Religion and spirituality can promote or damage mental health. This potential demands an increased awareness of religious matters by mental health practitioners, as well as ongoing attention in clinical psychology research.

Cancer patients have a tendency to experience mental disorders, because the physical changes cause frustration and despair. It impacts on anxiety, depression, and social isolation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of mindfullness meditation to stress levels and coping mechanisms in cancer patients. This study used pre experimental approach with one group pre-test post-test design. Samples were 32 cancer patients with composmentis condition in Indonesian Cancer Foundation East Java Branch, taken by total sampling. The instrument was Perceived Stress Scale and Coping Strategies Inventory. Statistics was verified with Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test and Paired T-test P < 0.05. Results showed the effect of Mindfulness Meditation on the level of stress p = 0.001, the adaptive of coping mechanisms p = 0.001 and maldaptive p = 0.003. In conclusion, Mindfulness meditation can cause the respondent to concentrate and focus on themselves, and also strengthen brain regions at the center of attention and executive function, interoception and mental flexibility.

We depict the physical and psychological challenges of commercial fishing in Alaska as well as the uplifts, or positive experiences fishermen report. We describe an array of coping methods that are utilized during the fishing season and the contexts in which they occur. Our findings help clarify the link between human behavior, stressors, coping mechanisms employed, and uplifts experienced when working in extreme conditions. By doing this, we provide a better understanding of the effects that severe conditions have on wellbeing, such as working for long periods of time in cramped quarters in remote, extreme environments, and how Alaskan fishermen cope with them.

Skizofrenia yaitu gangguan jiwa ditandai dengan keterbatasan komunikasi, aktivitas, tidak sesuai realita, tidak berespon dan ketidakmampuan berfikir peran serta individu dan dukungan dari keluarga diperlukan untuk meningkatkan mekanisme koping sehingga tercapai mekanisme koping adaptif. Berbagai terapi dapat dilakukan meningkatkan mekanisme koping diantaranya terapi psikoreligi. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh terapi psikoreligi terhadap mekanisme koping klien skizofrenia di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Provinsi Jambi. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif quasi experimental, pre-test and post –test one group design. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh klien skizofrenia sebanyak 161 orang dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 24 orang adapun tehnik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat, dari hasil uji statistik univariat diketahui sebanyak 100% mengalami koping maladaptif. Hasil uji statistik bivariat menunjukkan ada pengaruh terapi psikoreligi terhadap mekanisme koping dengan p-value 0.000 (< 0.05). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa klien sebaiknya melakukan terapi psikoreligi (seperti melakukan ibadah) pada saat mengalami koping maladaptif.Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by limited communication, activity, not in accordance with reality, not responding and the inability to think of individual participation and support from the family is needed to improve the coping mechanism so that an adaptive coping mechanism is achieved. The Various therapies can be done to improve coping mechanisms including psychotherapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of psychiatric therapy on coping mechanisms of schizophrenic clients at the Jambi Provincial Mental Hospital. The type of research used is quasi-experimental quantitative, pre-test and post-test one group design. The populations in this study were all schizophrenic clients as many as 161 peoples with a total sample of 24 people.Tthe sampling technique was purposive sampling. The data collection using a questionnaire.The data analysis used univariate and bivariate test. The results of univariate statistical tests it was found that 100% experienced maladaptive coping. The results of bivariate statistical tests showed that there was an effect of psychiatric therapy on coping mechanisms with p-value 0.000 (

Microaggressions can have damaging health impacts on minority groups experiencing exclusion through such forms of discrimination and bias. Using focus groups of different marginalized groups and through in-depth interviewing, we analyze the ways in which marginalized identities respond to and deal with microaggressions and highlight some relevant linkages to mentoring. Through a qualitative analysis of microaggression experiences, along the lines of race, gender, sexual orientation, and religion, we explore different coping mechanisms and potential linkages to mentoring. Our results indicate some underlying patterns of sense-making, categorized as coping by (a) resisting or reclaiming their voice, (b) retreating, reframing, or withdrawing, (c) rejecting or stonewalling, (d) restraining and internalizing, (e) seeking support and reconnecting (with safe spaces), and (f) redoubling (effort). For each of the coping strategies discussed, we also identify and advance mentoring linkages in the context of coping with microaggressions.

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on essential service workers has given rise to their newfound “hero” status, resulting in a dramatic shift of their occupational value. Service work has been long envisioned as “dirty work”, and further, stigmatized by members of society (the Out-Group), until recently. This study utilized occupational stigma theory to identify the mechanisms under which both essential service workers and society at large came to unify around the importance of perceived dirty work in the United States. Critical discourse analysis was employed as a qualitative methodology, particularly examining the In- and Out-Group’s coping mechanisms for coming to terms with the value of “dirty” service work heroes. Theoretical implications include the utilization of stigma theory for Out-Groups, and revealed a previously undetected Out-Group coping tactic. Practical implications include the urgency for keeping the “hero” story alive so that all service workers benefit from the movement.

The present study aimed to systematically analyze the impact of COVID-19-related social distancing requirements on older adults living in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) and to synthesize the literature into thematic action plans to minimize the adverse effects of social isolation. The search included articles published between December 2019 and August 2020 across four databases. The inclusion criteria were used to screen for studies that reported on social isolation and loneliness due to the COVID-19 pandemic in older adults living in LTCFs. This rapid review identified 29 relevant studies and synthesized them into four thematic action plans: technological advancement, remote communication, therapeutic care/stress management, and preventive measures. These thematic action plans and cost-effective strategies can be immediately adopted and used as a resource for all LTCF administrators, healthcare design professionals, and researchers in battling current COVID-19-related issues, and improving social interaction in older adults living in care facilities.

Introduction: The negative impact caused by people living with HIV/AIDS is a matter of physical, psychosocial and emotional, so that people living with HIV need to improve towards adaptive coping mechanisms. Roy explained that there are three stimulus that can influence the coping mechanisms, there are stimulus focal, contextual stimulus, stimulus residual. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors related with coping mechanisms based on the Roy Adaptation Theory.Methods: The study design using analytic correlational cross-sectional approach, 30 respondents were selected by purposive sampling technique. The research instrument used questionnaire.Results: The results showed focal stimulus, stimulus contextual, adan residual stimulus associated with coping mechanisms in people living with HIV, the majority of respondents have a negative coping mechanisms as many as 18 respondents (60.0%) and positive coping mechanisms as much as 12 respondents (40.0%).Discussion: Based on the analysis showed there is relationship stimulus focal p-value = 0.018 and contextual stimulus p-value = 0.004, while the residual stimulus doesn’t have relation with the coping mechanisms of people living with HIV in KDS friendship plus Kediri. During join the peer support groups people with HIV has a place to share the feelings and emotions and be able to communicate social well, so that their focal and contextual stimuli can stimulate a response from KDS cognator and regulators that can affect physiological functions so they can adapt adaptively.

Introduction: Caring for family members with cancer takes a long time. Various problems that arise during treatment will have an impact on the physical condition and psychological care giver so that this will have an impact on family adaptation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence the adaptation ability of family caregivers who care for families with terminal condition cancer in the Oncology Poly RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Methods: A cross-sectional study design. The population in this study are families who care for family members with terminal condition cancer in the Oncology Polyclinic Dr. Soetomo as many as 138 respondents were obtained by purposive sampling. The independent variables are attitude, trust, family support, coping mechanisms, and role functions while the dependent variable is the adaptability of family caregiver who care for families with terminal condition cancer. The research instrument used questionnaire attitudes, beliefs, family support, coping mechanisms, role functions and adaptability. Data analysis using Spearman Rho with significance level p ≤ 0.05. Results: Attitudes, family support, coping mechanisms, role functions are related to family caregiver's adaptability, while trust is not related to family caregiver's adaptability. Conclusion: Adaptability is needed for family caregivers in caring for families with terminal condition cancer. Future researchers are expected to intervene further to improve family support and adaptive coping mechanisms to help overcome problems that arise during the treatment of patients with cancer. Keywords: Attitude, Trust, Family Support, Coping Mechanisms, Role Function, Terminal Condition Cancer