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This study investigates whether recreational marijuana legislation and perceived social norms (descriptive and injunctive) affect college students’ propensity to share pro-marijuana messages. We ex...

This study examined how social norms can be formed differently across gender in the context of perceiving an alcohol company’s corporate social responsibility (CSR) campaigns on social media (Faceb...

We propose a model on the role of interdependent self-value and group opinion climate in affecting individuals’ willingness to participate in online political discussions, as well as the underlying mechanisms through which such effects may take place. We test this model in an experiment, in which participants (N = 406) with different levels of interdependent self-value read a message that promotes participation in discussions about genetically modified foods in an online group characterized by a friendly, hostile, or mixed opinion climate. Results show that those with high interdependent self-value are more likely to engage in online civic discussions via in-depth information processing of the discussion promotion messages. This central information processing was more likely to mediate the effect of interdependent self-value on willingness to discuss when individuals encountered polarized (i.e., friendly or hostile) public opinion than a neutral opinion climate.

This study examines how individuals may engage with online donation behaviors by comparing two donation conditions: a public context and a private context. The study findings suggest that interdepe...

This study investigated the effects of consumers9 underlying value orientations to determine whether consumers respond differently to corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives depending on age. The findings suggest that younger consumers more likely had favorable responses to CSR advertising than older consumers. Floodlight analysis—derived from an earlier method (Johnson and Neyman, 1936)—suggests that although millennials did not support CSR initiatives motivated by a vertical collectivistic orientation, such as fulfilling duties, consumers from Generation X and baby boomers did. Baby boomers did not use a horizontal individualism value (e.g., freedom and uniqueness) in evaluating advertisers9 motives in supporting social causes, whereas millennials and Generation X consumers did.

Numerous studies have observed arousal and mood effects on ad processing, but no study has examined the ways in which the core arousal effect in humor advertising, which could make or break humor a...

This study examines the impact of Twitter followers and consumer skepticism on issue support behavior advocated in Twitter-based corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication. A 2 × 2 experim...

This study examined dynamic interactions among self-values leading consumers to self-reference corporate social responsibility (CSR) advertising sponsored by three industries: oil, juice, and pharmaceuticals. The findings revealed that when consumers highly valued businesses9 involvement in social causes, their motives to impress others or increase status significantly affected purchase intentions via self-referencing CSR advertising. For highly issue-involved consumers who did not believe in a business9s involvement in social causes, the status motive indirectly affected purchase intention through self-referencing in a negative direction when they viewed an oil company9s CSR advertising. This finding was not present for CSR advertisements sponsored by the other industries.

This study examines motivational factors (Facebook prevention-social norms and dissatisfaction with drinking experiences) to encourage college students to visit and comment on a binge drinking prev...

The present study applies motivated reasoning and costly signaling theory to examine whether consumers transfer stereotypical race-related attributes to their evaluations of companies' socially responsible advertisements. The study compares corporate socially responsible advertisements featuring different model races and cultural cues in order to meet consumers' motives to impress others by supporting CSR initiatives. Results (N = 754) of a 2 × 2 × 4 experiment reveal that strong ethnic identifiers among Asian Americans are more likely to make a costly signaling behavior when ads feature a white model with white cultural cues by attributing higher social status to whites' images, which is mediated by conspicuous consumption motives. Interestingly, ethnic identification among white Americans is also a strong predictor in making costly signaling behavior with socially responsible products.

This study proposes that model race and race of consumers play an important role in processing corporate social responsibility (CSR) advertising. The aim of the study is to examine why a racial mismatch between target consumers and featured model race might work better among Asian Americans in the context of CSR ads, guided by motivated reasoning and self-referencing information processing mechanisms. Through an experiment, the study finds that people who perceive that money means social status tend to have more positive responses to CSR ads regardless of their race or ethnicity. In addition, Asian Americans who highly equate money with status are likely to evaluate CSR ads featuring a white model more positively than the ad with an Asian model. The study also reveals that Asian Americans with higher money as status perception tend to self-reference only when they view the CSR ad featuring a white model, but not an Asian model. However, White Americans do not vary in self-referencing based on mode...

Guided by the motivated reasoning theoretical framework, this study examines the relationship between ethnicity cues (model race) and self-concept (collectivistic self-construal) among white Americ...

The current study aimed to explore how cultural contexts influence the attitudes of mothers raising children with disabilities. Semi-structured in-depth interviews of seven immigrant Korean mothers regarding their personal experiences within the complexities of the special education system in the United States were analysed to identify factors that help mothers to thrive in the face of numerous challenges they encountered when working with professionals from different cultural and linguistic backgrounds. Narratives revealed that support groups, parent–professional relationships and cultural norms served as motivational factors that encouraged mothers to take initiative in proactively seeking ways to meet the needs of their children. Findings highlight the importance of a professional’s genuine attitude and open-mindedness when approaching culturally and linguistically diverse families.

This study explored issues of social inclusion for young children with disabilities through a systematic reanalysis of six preschool case studies focusing on strategies that teachers used in daily practice. Our analysis process entailed a reexamination of classroom observations and teacher inquiry data, focusing back and forth between the “micro” issues of everyday practice and the “macro” issues of inclusion as social justice. Through this process, the authors articulated a set of six overarching teacher competencies and their connection to “big ideas” about inclusion. The findings speak to a growing need within educational settings to move beyond narrow conceptions of ability and disability to take a transformative stance that supports diversity and community for all learners.

The present study examined the dynamic and complex nature of raising children with disabilities focusing on the processes that mothers went through as they came to embrace their children within their family life context over time. Narratives of parenting experiences were obtained via in-depth interviews of eleven mothers whose children were at different ages, ranging from 6 to 35. Their narratives showed that the process of embracing the child’s disability is gradual. Many mothers in this study were fully aware of their children’s limitations but at the same time, looking for better ways to support them. As mothers mature in their roles as caregivers and are able to transform their perspectives through a deliberate reflective process, their children can also become partners with their mothers and self-advocates who seek to take charge of their own lives in the midst of life challenges. The findings in this study pointed to the importance of a process-oriented approach with a strength-based focus while considering contextually rich family dynamics and how they change over time.

Previous academic research into how consumers evaluate advocacy advertising identified many possible paths involving potentially reflexive effects on how people perceive an advocacy advertising sponsor, the advocated issue and themselves. This paper has examined one possible scenario within this complicated phenomenon: that of advertising advocating a specific environmental consumer action, recycling. In the specific context of this study, structural equation modelling demonstrated clear causal relationships among consumer perceptions of the recycling advertisements’ sponsoring organization, consumer self-efficacy and perceived consumer effectiveness of complying with the advocated issue (recycling behaviour). These factors were shown to impact specific advocacy advertising goals (termed message effectiveness in this study) such as behavioural intention toward the advocated recycling issue and perceived changes in how consumers evaluate the sponsoring organization.

The current study examined Asian American consumers’ responses to values advocacy advertising through the interaction of levels of ethnic identification (weak or strong Asian ethnic identification) and culturally embedded ads (low and high in Asian/White culturally embedded ads) in evaluating altruistic motives of advertisers and purchase intention through an experimental design. The findings suggest that low Asian ethnic identifiers may identify with the advertiser employing Asian spokespersons with Asian cultural cues and in turn, perceive that the advertisers advocate social causes with altruistic motives. However, they did not feel congruent with the advertisers utilizing values advocacy ads with low Asian cultural cues (only featuring Asian spokespersons) more than with low/high White cultural cues (featuring White spokespersons with and without White cultural cues).The findings were discussed based on ethnic schema and attribution theory. Further, the present study discusses how Asian American consu...

Through an experimental design, this study examines the mediating role of attitude towards values advocacy advertising sponsored by Miller and McDonald’s. Adopting hierarchy-of effects perspectives, the study examined the role of attitude towards the values advocacy advertising in evaluating purchase intention and issue support behaviour. The study results revealed that A ValuesAdvocacyAd is a mediator for predicting issue support behaviour when consumers perceive a company’s value advocacy advertising as driven by public-serving motives. Purchase intention was directly affected by perceived public-serving motives of the advertisers. Further, a new construct, self-construal, was found as an antecedent to the cognitive construct, consumers’ perceptions towards the advertisers’ intention as public-serving.

This article explores the factors affecting college students’ willingness to participate in a Facebook page promoting a specific social cause: binge drinking prevention. The study examined the effects of the interactions between medium credibility (trustworthiness toward Facebook) and perceived advertisers’ motives (sponsored by a beer company versus nonprofit organization) on willingness to participate in the Facebook page through an experimental design. Also, motivational factors influencing medium credibility were examined. When students trusted Facebook, they were more likely to participate in the binge drinking prevention Facebook page. Students less engaged with the social cause varied significantly in their willingness to participate the Facebook page, depending on their perception of advertisers’ motives in supporting social causes but not depending on the perceived trustworthiness toward the Facebook page. However, highly engaged students notably altered their behavioral intention based on the pe...

The anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC), which interconnects with the frontal cortex and thalamus, is volumetrically altered in schizophrenia patients. However, it is unclear whether an abnormal ALIC volume is apparent prior to the onset of schizophrenia and whether this aberrant ALIC volume is related to the frontal gray matter in individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis. We used magnetic resonance imaging of 43 UHR subjects, 36 schizophrenia patients, and 42 healthy controls to investigate manually traced ALIC volumes. Additionally, we evaluated the correlation between the ALIC volume and the frontal gray matter. Significantly reduced ALIC volumes were observed in the UHR and schizophrenia groups compared to the healthy controls. However, the volume of the frontal gray matter was decreased only in the schizophrenia group. A positive correlation between the volumes in the ALIC and frontal gray matter found in healthy controls was maintained only in UHR subjects. In addition, a negative correlation between the total scores on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the ALIC volumes was observed only in schizophrenia patients. An aberrant ALIC volume but its maintained correlation with the interconnecting frontal lobe was present prior to the onset of full psychosis, indicating the prodromal phase of psychosis.

This study investigates how gender factors and message strategy play a role in the evaluation of advocacy advertising. The results of an experiment (n=245) revealed that women's behavioral intention is enhanced more through a transformational message strategy (emotionally oriented messages) than an informational message strategy. However, inverse effects emerged for men; an informational message strategy was more effective to enhance behavioral intention. This finding indicates females might process self-efficacy and behavioral intention emotionally rather than rationally. Conversely, males may process self-efficacy and behavioral intention rationally. Gender differences also emerged with respect to perceived consumer effectiveness, and message strategy significantly predicted self-efficacy. Interestingly, there were no effects of gender or message strategy in the evaluation of the advertiser.

In recent years, Snapchat has gradually gained popularity among young consumers, and more and more companies have included Snapchat into their mobile marketing campaigns. However, only little academic research has been conducted to explore Snapchat marketing. In order to fill the research gap, the current study is designed to investigate how perceived media characteristics of Snapchat influence college-aged young consumers' receptivity of Snapchat advertising by using a mixed method research design. The qualitative study revealed that according to college-aged consumers, Snapchat is the most intimate, casual, and dynamic medium which provides them with information, socialisation, and entertainment. The quantitative study uncovered that the perceived intimacy and casualty have a positive impact on young consumers' attitude toward Snapchat; only the perceived intimacy has a positive impact on purchase intention towards brands advertised on Snapchat. Theoretical and practical implications were offered.

The purpose of this practitioner research was to examine my role as a teacher in the context of children’s conflicts in an early childhood special education classroom, reflecting on my reactions and choices of different intervention strategies. From videotaped observations and reflective journals I examined when I intervened and what strategies I used. The findings indicate that even though I was not conscious of my assumptions about individual children all the time, these assumptions were unconsciously translated into my daily practice and conflict resolution strategies. Through reflecting on my practices and beliefs I raised important issues concerning a teacher’s role in children’s conflicts. This study validates how important it is for teachers to reflect on specific issues within their practices and observe how these issues are addressed within the research process. Reflective practices, specifically conducting action research, not only heightens awareness of context but also enables one to take grea...

This qualitative study looked at how early childhood teachers talk about and interact with the most powerful children in their classrooms—the student leaders. Relying primarily on interviews with six teachers in early childhood classrooms (infants, toddlers, and preschoolers) within a University‐affiliated center, this paper reconsidered leadership qualities in young children from the teachers’ point of view, probing the often overlooked challenges and dilemmas that young leaders present in student‐student and student‐adult relationships. Findings showed that the teachers described children's leadership skills in positive ways in the abstract, but these theoretical beliefs were quickly challenged by the realities of the classroom. As a result, teachers faced the complex dilemma of supporting individual children's leadership strengths while nurturing their own visions of classroom community. Findings are discussed with reference to implications for practice, including implications for early childh...

In this qualitative study, multidimensional characteristics of the emerging leadership behavior of six young children were examined within their early childhood classrooms (infant, toddler, and preschool). Grounded in a constructivist framework, the data were gathered through teacher interviews and classroom observations in a University-affiliated center over a six-week period. Findings yielded two major themes which best described the characteristics of these young leaders: dynamic and charismatic personalities; and a sense of ownership of and a high awareness in the classroom. By examining the ways leadership manifested itself in the classroom, findings also suggested that leadership could be seen as a relational rather than an individual construct. Young leaders seem to exert their social power to develop relationships with peers and teachers and at the same time to include and exclude certain peers or teachers during the interaction. Findings are discussed with reference to implications for practice and suggestions for further study.

This paper describes the experiences of three toddlers with developmental delays and their caregivers in an inclusive child care center. Case study methodology was used to synthesize data representing initial issues presented by parents, caregivers' reflections on their relationships with the toddlers, and interactions between toddlers with special needs, their caregivers, and their typical peers within the child care setting. Analyses of parent interviews, caregiver journals, and child observations yielded two overarching themes—concern and possibility. Both parents and caregivers expressed specific concerns about children's behavioral differences, and how they create challenges to inclusion, but they also envisioned the possibility of increased social opportunities in inclusive child care for children with disabilities. Caregivers found that working in an inclusive setting created the possibility for early childhood professionals to learn about and better understand developmental differences. I...

본 연구의 목적은 청소년의 우울/불안, 공격성이 학업성취에 미치는 영향을 알아보고 자아존중감의 매개효과를 확인하는 데에 있다. 이를 위해 초등, 중등, 고등 3년 간격으로 측정된 총 477명의 한국복지패널의 패널조사 자료를 활용하였다. 수집된 자료는 다변량잠재성장모형을 수행하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 우울/불안, 공격성, 자아존중감, 학업성취 모두 상급학교로 진학하면서 선형적으로 변화하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 우울/불안, 공격성이 높을 경우 학업성취가 낮으며 공격성이 지속적으로 증가할수록 학업성취도 지속적으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 자아존중감의 경우 자아존중감이 높으면 학업성취가 높고 자아존중감이 증진되면 학업성취도 지속적으로 증가하는것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 우울/불안, 공격성과 학업성취의 관계에서 자아존중감의 매개효과가 유의하였고, 공격성의 변화율과 학업성취 변화율의 관계에서 자아존중감의 변화율의 매개효과는 유의하였다. 마지막으로 본 연구 결과에 대한 논의와 추후연구를 위한 제언을 제시하였다.