Search

Effective teamwork in an initially leaderless group requires a high level of collective leadership emerging from dynamic interactions among group members. Leader emergence is a crucial topic in collective leadership, yet it is challenging to investigate as the problem context is typically highly complex and dynamic. Here, we explore leadership emergence and leadership perception by means of computational simulations whose assumptions and parameters were informed by empirical research and human-subject experiments. Our agent-based model describes the process of group planning. Each agent is assigned with three key attributes: talkativeness, intelligence, and credibility. An agent can propose a suggestion to modify the group plan as a speaker or respond and evaluate others’ suggestions and leadership as a listener. Simulation results suggested that agents with high values of talkativeness, intelligence, and credibility tended to be perceived as leaders by their peers. Results also showed that talkativeness may be the most significant and instantaneous predictor for leader emergence of the three investigated attributes: talkativeness, intelligence, and credibility. In terms of group performance, smaller groups may outperform larger groups regarding their problem-solving ability in the beginning, but their performance tends to be of no significant difference in a long run. These results match the empirical literature and offer a mechanistic, operationalized description of the collective leadership processes.

Awakening lighting has an important influence on circadian rhythm, alertness, mood and other physiological and psychological indexes. In a real situation with no electric awakening light, psychological suggestion or interference, the influencing mechanism of awakening daylight on human physiology and psychology is explored from the awakening data of dynamic daylight. This data can further guide the application of electric awakening lighting. The effects of daylight exposure at eye level on sleep quality, morning alertness, mood and fatigue of college students in dormitories in Beijing were studied. The subjects were 8 male and 8 female students from 4 dormitories in two adjacent apartments, and field experiments were conducted for 36 days in winter and 30 days in summer. The real-time illuminance of daylight before awakening was recorded by a wireless illuminance sensor, and the amount of light exposure and the maximum illuminance before awakening were calculated. The evaluation data of physiological and psychological indexes such as sleep quality, morning alertness, mood and fatigue were obtained by using sleep monitoring equipment—Jawbone UP3, PSQI, KSS, positive and negative semantic scales. The results showed that the lighting exposure accumulation before awakening in summer were significantly correlated with morning alertness, mood and deep sleep duration and there was a significant correlation between the Emax and morning alertness in summer. In addition, there were significant differences in deep sleep duration and morning alertness between different groups of lighting exposure accumulation in summer. There was no significant correlation between the lighting exposure accumulation or max value of illuminance and the physiological and psychological indexes in winter.

Conversational interruptions can carry negative connotations, yet prior research has consistently found positive associations between interruptions and attributions of leadership and social status....

A dormitory is one of the most important places for college students at a university. The daylight of a dormitory has an important impact on students' work efficiency, mood, and sleep quality. To explore the influence of daylight exposure on morning alertness, mood, and sleep quality before waking up, a study was conducted based on the hourly dynamic meteorological parameters of Beijing to simulate the daylight exposure at eye level of students on different beds on the sixth floor of the No. 11 apartments at Tsinghua University. The data for sleep quality, morning alertness, and mood were collected by a subjective questionnaire in November and December in 2017 for 88 male students in 28 dormitories and in May and June for 90 male students in 36 dormitories. The results showed that the positive correlation between the eye light exposure before waking up and the quality of sleep and morning alertness was significant. This study can provide a reference for the daylight design of dormitory spaces and the scientific arranging of beds and orientations; it can also provide a reference for a rotation system.