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Objective To evaluate the real-time usage of krankheitserfahrungen.de, a website providing scientifically collected and analyzed experiences of persons with various chronic illnesses. Methods Web analytics of website use of www.krankheitserfahrungen.de in 2016. Qualitative content analysis of the 150 most and least opened video/audio clip titles in 2018-19. Results In 2016, krankheitserfahrungen.de had 19,703 unique visits, of which 3,925 were returning visits. Between new and returning visits, the latter were characterized by more actions and more time spent on the website. Thematic pages were clicked more often during new visits and person pages were more frequented during returning visits. In 2018-19, video/audio clip titles related to topics around uncertainties and/or decision making were most often clicked, whereas the least clicked clips dealt with topics like illness management, problem-solving, giving advice to others and emotionally difficult topics such as suffering, death and burden for the family. Conclusion A website with balanced, scientifically collected and analyzed patient experiences attracts a sufficient number of users and is used for further explorations. Practice implications: Using multiple formats, broad topics and diverse personal experiences being accessible through themes or persons is necessary when a scientifically based website on patients’ experiences is designed.

Purpose One of the main tasks of a child health care nurse is to assess and promote a responsive interaction and secure connection between children and their parents for the future. This study aims to develop an understanding of Swedish child health care nurses´ experiences of assessing and promoting responsive interaction between parents and children. Design and method A qualitative interview study using an inductive approach was implemented. Eleven nurses were interviewed (range: 30–58 min) during the period March to August 2016, and the transcripts were analysed using qualitative content analysis according to Graneheim and Lundman. Results Three categories emerged: Interpreting signals in parent and child behaviour, Reinforcing the parents in their role and Feeling inadequate as professional. Interpreting signals in parent and child behaviour was described fundamental when promoting responsive interaction. Further reinforcing the parents in their role was described central. The child health care nurses also described how they often felt inadequate in promoting responsive interaction. Conclusions Assessing and promoting responsive interaction is an important but challenging task which requires extensive knowledge and good communication skills. The child health care nurses express their insufficiency in that regard. Practice implications A targeted education and sufficient time for each visit at the child health care center should be allocated to facilitate the important work on parenting and child interaction and to enhance nurses' feelings of managing their work.

The level of students’ engagement during active learning activities conducted in small groups is important to understanding the effectiveness of these activities. The Interactive–Constructive–Active–Passive (ICAP) framework is a way to determine the cognitive engagement of these groups by analyzing the conversations that occur while student groups work on an activity. This study used qualitative content analysis and ICAP to investigate cognitive engagement during group activities in a General Chemistry course at the question level, a finer grain size than previously studied. The analysis determined the expected engagement based on question design and the observed engagement based on group conversations. Comparisons of expected and observed engagement showed cases of mismatch, and further analysis determined that incorrect model use, unfamiliar scientific vocabulary, and difficulty moving between molecular representations were all contributing themes to the observed mismatches. The implications of these findings with regard to teaching and research are discussed.

This article reported a case study investigating small group interaction patterns in online collaborative writing tasks and factors influencing team collaborations. Participants included six Asian EFL university students who formed two small groups and were engaged in two online collaborative writing tasks via Google Docs. Data collection included the participants’ use of writing change functions and language functions during the collaborative writing processes revealed through Google Docs archives and collaborative essays. Semi-structured interviews were employed to examine factors influencing small group collaborations. The findings revealed that the two teams exhibited divergent interaction patterns, but the patterns of interaction remained consistent within each group across both tasks. The qualitative content analysis showed factors that affected team collaborations were individual goals, learners’ English proficiency, individual roles, and the use of collaborative agency. The findings may help elucidate the divergence of online collaborative writing and provide insightful information for instructors to design collaborative writing activities and assist EFL learners in the co-construction of writing tasks.

This study qualitatively analyzed medical students’ engagement of pre-clerkship early clinical experience and their implications based on reflective journals. The subjects were 60 third-year students who had taken the early clinical experience course offered by the Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine. Students had to complete and submit a reflective journal at the end of the course. This study used the reflective journals students submitted as analysis data. Data were analyzed using Elo and Kyngäs’ inductive qualitative analysis. As a result of study, a total of 127 unique significant keywords and statements were extracted. These statements generated 11 formulated sub-categories and five theme categories. Five main categories were derived from the students’ reflective journals: understanding of patients, understanding of professionalism, understanding of other occupations, understanding of the hospital system, and motivation to learn. Students understood patients’ perspectives on diseases and improved their ability to empathize; they gained confidence in communication and clinical skills; they became more positive toward the underprivileged; and their interest in the medical system grew. The results suggest that early clinical experience can be applied as one beneficial educational program for medical students in the pre-clerkship curriculum.

Inquiry-based learning remains both an important goal and challenge for primary school teachers within and across different subjects, such as history and science. By addressing primary school teachers, for the first time, as both learners who deal with controversial topics and teachers who have significant teaching experience, this study aims to unravel the interplay between teachers’ topic-specific epistemic beliefs and their conceptions of inquiry-based learning in history and science. Fifteen primary school teachers from Greece participated in this exploratory study through scenario-based semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed through a qualitative content analysis by applying both deductive and inductive approaches. The results of this study revealed the complex nature of teachers’ epistemic beliefs and the necessity of using a nuanced approach to elicit their epistemic belief patterns in the context of working on a task. Further, this study revealed an overview of teachers’ conceptions of inquiry-based learning in both history and science, by giving voice to teachers’ thoughts and reasoning. But most importantly, the interplay between the two constructs was unravelled, indicating a complex connection between teachers’ epistemic belief patterns and their conceptions of inquiry-based learning. Overall, it could be argued that the more availing the teachers’ epistemic beliefs, the more thoroughly they conceive inquiry-based learning. Similarities and differences between history and science were also detected. Theoretical, empirical, and educational implications are discussed in an attempt to support primary school teachers involve themselves, and then their students, in an active process of knowing by applying helpful epistemic criteria.

This study analyzed the literature to identify the challenges of Clinical Information (CI) services. Qualitative content analysis of 29 articles led to identify four main categories including perfo...

Introduction: Ethical decision-making by nursing managers is influenced by various essential factors, such as courage, without which it is impossible to act on them. Objective: This study aimed to explore the experiences of nursing managers about courage in ethical decision-making. Materials and Methods: The current study was conducted in Iran by a qualitative content analysis approach in 2018. Nineteen nurse managers were selected purposefully from hospitals in Tehran and Shahrekord cities. Data were collected using semi-structured, in-depth, face-to-face interviews, and after transcription, they were analyzed according to the Graneheim and Lundman method. Results: Based on data analysis, we extracted 2 categories (obligation, decisiveness) and 8 subcategories (clearness in expressing decisions, the ability of the manager to make decisions in critical and complex situations, authority/decision-making as a religious responsibility, follow the decision process, being responsible, making compensatory decisions, making preventive decisions). Conclusion: The findings showed that managers who are committed to ethical decision-making have enough assertiveness to make the decisions. Educating, empowering, and sensitizing managers and enhancing their insight into ethical issues through problem-solving and role-playing techniques can play an essential role in promoting their commitment and responsibility.

As a result of the current Covid-19 pandemic, a shift in teaching and learning from face-to-face to video-based online instructional settings has also occurred in higher education. For online teaching, strategies are required to allow collaboration and interaction between learners, similar to face-to-face teaching. Therefore, it is essential to identify how students perceive group work in online classes in order to be able to draw relevant conclusions for the design of online classes. This paper examines the learning climate and the perceived key features of collaborative learning in two different computer science courses with (N = 9) pre-service-teachers in computer science and (N = 7) computer science majors which have taken place in the virtual gathering space gather.town. We chose this platform to provide a wide opportunity for interaction, especially during collaborative group work. Even though we can draw no conclusions that the possibility of interaction in gather.town platform had an impact on the learning atmosphere, results indicate that the learning atmosphere was perceived as similar to that in face-to-face courses. Furthermore, the results based on the qualitative content analysis indicate that students perceived a high activation as working better in online collaboration than in face-to-face settings.

People in very old age (VOA) are expected to be confronted with particularly negative stereotypes. These influence societally shared behavior towards and judgements about them. Such external evaluations of individuals' lives are considered a crucial part of their quality of life (QoL).The present study elaborated a) the societal appreciation perceived by people in VOA and b) the stereotypes about people in VOA held by stakeholders from key societal areas. The aim was to discuss possible connections between these external standards and individual life results.A parallel mixed methods design was employed. Cross-sectional data from a representative survey of people aged 80 years and older (n = 1863) were analyzed by means of χPSA was predicted by health-related variables and productive activities. Several societal stakeholders highlighted that age-related losses pose challenges on very old individuals, their families, and society, whereas remaining potentials in VOA can and should be used for the benefit of others; however, stakeholders' perceptions differed by the extent of their professional contact with (very) old people. Different pathways were proposed through which the observed stereotypes and determinants of PSA might be connected (e.g., stereotype internalization).Our study illustrates the relevance of external standards for individual QoL and highlights the need for a normative perspective in the discussion about QoL and its enhancement.HINTERGRUND: Stereotype über hochaltrige Menschen gelten als besonders negativ. Sie beeinflussen das gesellschaftlich geteilte Verhalten Hochaltrigen (HA) gegenüber und Urteile über diese. Solche externen Bewertungen stellen einen wichtigen Teil individueller Lebensqualität dar.Die Studie untersuchte a) die von HA empfundene gesellschaftliche Wertschätzung (EGW) und b) die Stereotype über HA von Vertretern zentraler Gesellschaftsbereiche. Ziel war es, mögliche Verbindungen zwischen diesen externalen Standards und individuellen Lebensqualitätsresultaten (LQR) zu diskutieren.Es wurde ein paralleler Mixed-Methods-Ansatz verfolgt. Querschnittsdaten einer repräsentativen Befragung von Menschen ab 80 Jahren (n = 1863) wurden ChiEGW konnte durch gesundheitsbezogene Variablen und produktive Aktivitäten vorhergesagt werden. Einige der Stakeholder betonten, dass einerseits altersbedingte Verluste hochaltrige Menschen, deren Familien sowie die Gesellschaft vor Herausforderungen stellen, und andererseits verbleibende Potenziale im Alter zugunsten anderer eingesetzt werden können und sollen. Die Ansichten der Stakeholder unterschieden sich jedoch nach dem Ausmaß ihres beruflichen Kontakts zu (sehr) alten Menschen. Es wurden Wege vorgeschlagen, über die die beobachteten Stereotype und Determinanten von EGW miteinander verbunden sein können (z. B. Internalisierung von Stereotypen).Die Studie verdeutlicht die Relevanz externaler Standards für individuelle LQ und betont die Notwendigkeit einer normativen Perspektive in der Diskussion um LQ und deren Förderung.

Interprofessional and intraprofessional collaboration in crises situations in the intensive care unit regarding COVID-19 - a qualitative, retrospective analysis Abstract. Background: Interprofessional collaboration is elementary in the intensive care unit, a success factor in difficult patient situations and complex therapies. The COVID-19-pandemic challenged newly composed treatment teams, however, experience does not exist. Aim: We analyzed personal experiences and views on inter- and intraprofessional collaboration in intensive care units during the COVID-19-pandemic and identified influencing factors. Methods: We used a qualitative, retrospective study design, collected data from physicians, nurses in intensive care, anesthesia and surgery and physiotherapists during group discussions using the story / dialogue method. We analyzed the data according to Mayring's Qualitative content analysis. Results: We identified two main categories, each with three sub-categories: 1. Mastering a exceptional situation actively (Recognizing a common goal; Acting in solidarity; Getting to know each other in inter- / intraprofessional collaboration), 2. Having overcome the exceptional situation in retrospect (Maintaining personal contacts; Gaining new knowledge and perspectives; Taking what has been learned into the future). The participants rated the interprofessional and intraprofessional collaboration as good to very good. Conclusions: Factors promoting collaboration and positive experiences are to be incorporated into everyday work. The intraprofessional management team thereby defines common goals and values for the best possible patient care.

Purpose Since 2016, the Korean Triage and Acuity Scale (KTAS) algorithm has been applied to the triage process in the emergency departments (EDs) of Korea. This study aimed to investigate the facilitators of and barriers to a well-run triage function based on how Korean emergency nurses perceived the triage process and their experiences with it. Methods Data were collected using focus group interviews from June 2018 to January 2019. Twenty emergency nurses were divided into two junior and four senior groups based on their level of clinical experience. All interviews were recorded as they were spoken and transcribed. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results The participants recognized the need for the KTAS algorithm to efficiently classify emergency patients and were working on it properly. According to the data, we extracted 4 themes and 20 subthemes. Four themes were as follows: (1) awareness about the necessity of triage, (2) facilitators to triage process, (3) barriers to triage process, and (4) suggestions for the establishment and development of triage. Conclusion From the findings of this study, various vulnerabilities of the triage process were identified, and solutions were suggested from the emergency nurses’ perspective. Educational, staffing, financial support, and periodic updates of the KTAS are needed to promote the triage process in the future.

Ziel der Studie Die sozialempirische Studie analysiert die strukturierte Wiedereroffnung eines Rehabilitationszentrums fur Kinder und Jugendliche vor und nach Organtransplantation sowie deren Familien in der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie. Im Fokus stehen das Erleben, Sicherheitsempfinden und die Praferenzen von immunsupprimierten Kindern, deren Eltern sowie der Mitarbeitenden. Methodik Von Juni bis August 2020 wurden semistrukturierte Leitfadeninterviews mit 23 Erziehungsberechtigten, 4 Kindern und 7 Mitarbeitenden durchgefuhrt. Die Auswertung erfolgte softwaregestutzt mittels strukturierender qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse. Zur Quantifizierung der Ergebnisse fand eine Frequenzanalyse statt. Ergebnisse Die Befragten erleben die pandemiebedingten Einschrankungen in differenzierter Art und Weise als belastend. Verunsicherung, das Fehlen sozialer Kontakte sowie der Wegfall von Strukturen pragen ihren Alltag. Die Moglichkeit, an einer Rehabilitationsmasnahme teilzunehmen, wird in dieser Situation uberwiegend positiv bewertet: Besonders der soziale Austausch in einem sicheren Umfeld spielt eine wichtige Rolle im Umgang mit der Pandemie und im Abbau der damit verbundenen Angste. Sowohl Eltern als auch Mitarbeitende assoziieren den Aufenthalt mit einem hohen Sicherheitsempfinden. Sie beurteilen die Masnahmen des Hygiene- und Sicherheitskonzepts als adaquat und verhaltnismasig. Schlussfolgerung Das Angebot einer familienorientierten Rehabilitation bietet im Zusammenhang mit erkrankungs- und pandemiebedingten Sorgen eine deutliche Entlastung. Ein konklusives Hygiene- und Sicherheitskonzept ist zentrale Voraussetzung fur die Durchfuhrung. Die Erfahrungen in der Rehabilitationseinheit legen dabei nahe, dass ein Rehabilitationsangebot unter Pandemiebedingungen sicher umgesetzt werden kann. Purpose The socio-empirical study analyzes the structured reopening of a rehabilitation center for children and adolescents before and after solid organ transplantation as well as their families in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. It focuses on the experience, perception of safety, and preferences of immunosuppressed children, their parents, as well as employees. Methods From June to August 2020, semi-structured guided interviews were conducted with 23 parents, four children, and seven employees. We carried out the evaluation by a software-aided structuring qualitative content analysis. Additionally, we performed a frequency analysis to quantify the results. Results Respondents experience pandemic-related restrictions as stressful in different ways. Uncertainty and the lack of social contacts as well as the loss of structure characterize their everyday life. The possibility of participating in a rehabilitation measure is largely positively assessed in this situation: In particular, social exchange in a safe environment plays an important role in dealing with the pandemic and in reducing the fears associated with it. Both, parents and employees associate the stay with a high sense of safety. They consider the measures of the hygiene and safety concept to be adequate and proportionate. Conclusion Family-oriented rehabilitation offers a clear relief regarding illness and pandemic related concerns. A conclusive hygiene and safety concept is a central prerequisite for the execution. The experience in the rehabilitation unit suggests that a rehabilitation offer can be safely implemented under pandemic conditions.

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) thrives in isolation. Recovery requires healthy and supportive relationships in order to heal and grow. Many individuals in alcohol recovery find it challenging to establ...

Background Social participation concerns the possibility of engaging in activities in interaction with others or society at large and contributes to the health and well-being of older adults. In contrast, a lack of social participation is associated with loneliness. It is, therefore, important to understand what strategies older adults use to maintain social participation. Aim To explore and describe older adults' experiences of maintaining social participation. Materials and methods Nine older adults, aged 69-92 years, participated in interviews that were analysed through qualitative content analysis. Results The overall findings reflect how older adults create opportunities for social participation by developing strategies and striving to adapt to changing situations, emphasizing how maintaining social participation is an active process. Preserving social participation requires motivation and an effort to take initiative to cultivate social relations, maintain community bonds, engage in social events and activities and stay connected with society. Conclusions and significance These results may extend our understanding of strategies that older adults use, as well as the challenges they face when striving to adapt to new circumstances. This study may have implications for the practice of how to support older adults' social participation.

Purpose To explore parents' experiences of living with a child with congenital cataract, with the intention of identifying how to improve the parental support. Design and method A qualitative descriptive design using semi-structured interviews. The parents were interviewed when the children were aged 12–24 months. All children were operated on for congenital cataract before three months of age. The interviews were transcribed and analysed using qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. Findings were reported following the Standard for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) checklist. Results Three categories emerged from the data: trying to survive during a chaotic time; adapting to a different normal; being in need of support. When receiving the preliminary diagnosis, most of the parents were upset but managed well once the initial shock had subsided. However, some described feelings of despair, difficulties in accepting the situation and in connecting with the child. All parents stated that, to be valuable, a counsellor needed to have insights in how the eye works and the function of visual development. Conclusion The parents' need for psychosocial support in the early post-diagnostic stage varied greatly. Early identification of those in need of specialized counselling is therefore of importance, preferably at the maternity ward or by the regional ophthalmologist when the referral is made. Clinical implications The study provides understanding of the importance to take the parents' well-being beyond the medical issues into consideration. This knowledge can be used to provide support at an earlier stage in the treatment programme than is currently the case.

As a professional value, the love of the profession can significantly affect nurses’ professional practice, behaviors and commitment. Many different factors can affect the love of the profession. The exploration of nurses’ experiences of these factors can provide valuable data for development of the love of the profession. The aim of this study was to explore nurses’ perceptions of the factors contributing to the development of the love of the profession. This qualitative study was conducted in 2020–2021 using the conventional content analysis approach. The participants were thirteen nurses with different organizational positions purposively recruited from different settings in Iran. The data were collected via semi-structured interviews, and were analyzed via the conventional content analysis approach proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. The factors contributing to the development of the love of the profession were categorized into four main categories, namely the public perception of the profession (with three subcategories), educational variables (with two subcategories), the characteristics of the profession (with four subcategories), and nurses’ self-evaluation (with three subcategories). The love of the profession is affected by a wide range of personal, educational, professional and social factors. The manipulation of these factors would help to develop nurses’ and nursing students’ love of the profession, and encourage people to choose nursing as a career.

This study aimed to identify the context-specific barriers of addiction treatment.This study followed an inductive qualitative content analysis approach to explore the barriers to drug addiction tr...

Background Hospitalization of patients in an intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with a series of psychological problems for their family members called family intensive care unit syndrome (FICUS). Nonetheless, family members of patients in ICU often receive little attention from health care providers. Exploring family members' experiences of their patients' hospitalization in ICU helps health care providers focus more clearly on their problems. Aims and objectives This study aimed to explore FICUS-related experiences among the family members of patients in ICU. Design This was a qualitative content analysis study. Methods This qualitative study was conducted in 2019. Participants were 14 family members of patients in ICU who were purposively selected from three hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results Participants' experiences of FICUS fell into four categories, that is, threat to psychological well-being (with four subcategories), threat to physical health (with three subcategories), threat to social health (with three subcategories), and change in spiritual orientation (with two subcategories). The 12 subcategories of these categories were emotional disturbances, hopelessness, changes in sleep pattern, mood changes, physical symptoms, aggravation of the existing illnesses, negligence towards personal health, alteration in social interactions, alteration in the burden of responsibility, alternation in the life process, resort to spiritual beliefs, and spiritual conflict, respectively. Conclusion FICUS symptoms are not limited to psychological problems, rather they include a wide range of psychological, physical, social, and spiritual problems, which can affect the different aspects of family members' lives. Along with care delivery to patients in ICU, health care providers should provide care and support to patients' family members. Relevance to clinical practice FICUS is a major threat to health among the family members of patients in ICU. Careful assessment of these family members helps identify family members who are at risk for FICUS and identify FICUS effects on their decisions and health status.

Students enter college with pre-formed beliefs about the causes of mental health issues, from spiritual explanations (e.g., demonic possession) to biological explanations (e.g., genetics). However, they rarely have thought through how their faith backgrounds influence their beliefs about mental health. MSW students in their clinical concentration year engaged in a class-based assignment in which they explored the question, "Where are you on the spectrum of belief regarding the cause of mental illness?" A qualitative content analysis was completed on 69 student papers collected over five years. Results showed how each student's religious childhood experience shaped his or her view about mental illness causes.

Few studies have examined the impact of sexual offences on non-offending family members. Using thematic content analysis of posts on a relevant, anonymous online support community website, the current study identified the experiences and needs of family members following a sexual offence. Findings indicate that collateral consequences of legal restrictions, coupled with stigma, result in enduring emotional, social, and practical difficulties for non-offending family members. In addition, family members highlighted an important role in providing practical and emotional support for alleged perpetrators managing offence-related challenges. Uncertainty surrounding registration requirements serves as a barrier to maintaining and accessing housing, planning key life events, and helping family members comply with parole requirements. Overall, findings serve to identify key challenges confronting non-offending family members and inform the design of services to support positive relationships associated with reduced re-offending.

'How power corrupts... or if it does at all' ist the current working title of my master's thesis (a change of title may still occur, since the thesis has not yet been officially registred at the university of cologne). With this scientific project I hope to offer a useful contribution towards the scientific dispute surrounding one question: does power corrupt (and if so, what are the mechanisms behind this phenomenon)? The transformative effects of power on the power-holder have been well studied over the past decades and thus seem to be inarguable. However, the literature shows great inconsistencies regarding the valence of the consequences of these transformative effects – whereas classical research has mainly focused on the negative effects of power (e.g. Kipnis, 1972) more recent findings have also reported positive effects of power on the power-holder (e.g. Lammers, Dubois, Rucker, & Galinsky, 2013). A growing body of research offers explanations for these seemingly contradictory results, arguing that power does not lead to ‘good‘ (i.e. prosocial) or ‘bad‘ (i.e. antisocial) behavior per se but that the effects of power are moderated by factors like personal relationship orientation (Chen, Lee-Chai, & Bargh, 2001), legitimacy (Lammers, & Galinsky, 2009), cultural backround (Zhong, Magee, Maddux, & Galinsky, 2006), and others. The objective of my master’s thesis is to collect practitioners‘ opinions concerning the question of which factors cause power to have corruptive effects on the power-holder - aswell as to evaluate if these factors compare to those found in the common literature. Possible implications for recruitment-processes will be discussed in addition.

Thalassemia is one of the most prevalent genetic disorders in Iran. The birth of a child with thalassemia major is associated with many problems for the family, and society. In the present study, the reasons for marriage among people with thalassemia minor in Iran, in spite of receiving medical advice against it, have been investigated. The present study was a qualitative content analysis conducted in 2019 with the participation of 12 couples (24 participants) with thalassemia minor living in Rafsanjan, Iran; and 2 counselors working with thalassemia patients. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews. All interviews were recorded and transcribed. The text was read several times, categorized and main themes were extracted according to content analysis methods. The present study shows that giving inadequate or inaccurate information to people, strong emotional attachment between couples, taking the test at the wrong time, family interference and family insistence on marriage, having seen cases with no problems, and specific thoughts and beliefs are the most important reasons for marriage among couples with thalassemia minor in Iran. According to the results of the present study, the importance of providing thorough and accurate information to the public, setting an appropriate time for counseling and screening which is not immediately before the marriage ceremony, and briefing more efficiently at the time of counseling can help prevent marriage among couples with thalassemia minor in Iran.

PURPOSE This study investigated the experiences of healthcare professionals, exposed to physical violence, related to aggressive patients at a psychiatry service. DESIGN AND METHODS The qualitative study sample consisted of a total of 21 healthcare professionals. The data were collected through in-depth interviews. An inductive qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the data. FINDINGS Three themes, the effects of warning signs of violence, clinical management of violence, and effects of violence, and 13 sub-themes were determined. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The effects of physical violence on healthcare professionals can be seen and will contribute to planning in this regard.

BACKGROUND: Work participation among employees with depression is hampered due to cognitive impairments. Although studies show higher levels of work disability among people with a lower education, highly educated employees may encounter specific challenges in fulfilling their work role due to the cognitive impairments of depression, as they often perform cognitively demanding jobs. There is little knowledge about their challenges and opportunities with regard to work participation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate how highly educated employees with depression manage work participation by focusing on their views on opportunities and challenges in fulfilling their work role. METHODS: Eight individual interviews with highly educated employees with depression were conducted. Transcripts were analysed using qualitative content analysis.RESULTS: The analysis revealed four categories: struggling with acknowledging depression and disclosure; fear of being stigmatised at work; work is a motivator in life; and striving to fulfil the work role at the expense of private life activities. CONCLUSIONS: Highly educated employees with depression need guidance regarding the disclosure of information about health issues and work ability. To successfully manage their work role, they need a clear plan with outlined tasks, demands and goals. Healthcare professionals and workplaces should support them in setting limits with regard to work tasks and working hours. BACKGROUND: Work participation among employees with depression is hampered due to cognitive impairments. Although studies show higher levels of work disability among people with a lower education, highly educated employees may encounter specific challenges in fulfilling their work role due to the cognitive impairments of depression, as they often perform cognitively demanding jobs. There is little knowledge about their challenges and opportunities with regard to work participation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate how highly educated employees with depression manage work participation by focusing on their views on opportunities and challenges in fulfilling their work role. METHODS: Eight individual interviews with highly educated employees with depression were conducted. Transcripts were analysed using qualitative content analysis.RESULTS: The analysis revealed four categories: struggling with acknowledging depression and disclosure; fear of being stigmatised at work; work is a motivator in life; and striving to fulfil the work role at the expense of private life activities. CONCLUSIONS: Highly educated employees with depression need guidance regarding the disclosure of information about health issues and work ability. To successfully manage their work role, they need a clear plan with outlined tasks, demands and goals. Healthcare professionals and workplaces should support them in setting limits with regard to work tasks and working hours.