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At the Wiesbaden Internist Congress of 1949, Alexander Mitscherlich and Viktor von Weizsacker called for an expansion of the scientific concept of causality to include the search for the meaning of illness in one's personal history. This called into question a traditional psychiatric paradigm which presumed somatic causes of mental illness. Additionally, common psychiatric evidence practices were put to the test. In the first part of this article, three psychiatric positions that were presented at the 1949 congress are reconstructed. In the second part, the development of one of the psychiatrists involved, Jurg Zutt, is examined by focusing on the question of the possible effects of the Wiesbaden debate on his scientific reorientation as well as its consequences for his view of psychiatric evidence.

Although Jack Michael has greatly influenced the field of behavior analysis, very few have had the opportunity to be directly supervised by him. In this article, I share my personal history as one of Jack's last graduate students to illustrate his teaching and mentorship approach. Jack was a caring advisor who has had a long-lasting impact on both my personal life and my professional career.

ICF-luokitus on biopsykososiaalinen viitekehys, joka mahdollistaa asiakkaan toimintakyvyn ja siihen nivoutuvien tekijöiden kokonaisvaltaisen ymmärtämisen. ICF-luokituksen Yksilötekijät -osa-alueen tarkempi kuvaus on kesken, mikä vaikeuttaa ICF-luokituksen täysipainoista hyödyntämistä. Tämän kartoittavan kirjallisuuskatsauksen tavoitteena oli kuvata, mitä teemoja tutkimuksissa oli tunnistettu ICF-luokituksen mukaisiksi yksilötekijöiksi ja miten yksilötekijöiden luokittelun ja huomioisen tarvetta käytännön työssä perusteltiin. Systemaattinen tiedonhaku tehtiin Cinahl, Pubmed, Science Direct ja Sport Discus sekä Finna, Helda, Helka, Julkari ja Medic -tietokannoista rajautuen vuosina 2010–2020 julkaistuihin artikkeleihin. Teoriaohjaavan aineiston analyysimenetelmällä artikkeleista eritellyt yksilötekijät luokiteltiin Geyh ym. (2019) mukaan seitsemään luokkaan: 1. Sosio-demografiset tekijät, 2. Asema välittömässä sosiaalisessa ja fyysisessä kontekstissa, 3. Henkilökohtaisen elämän historia, 4. Henkilökohtainen kokemus tunteista, 5. Henkilökohtainen kokemus omista ajatuksista ja uskomuksista, 6. Motiivit ja 7. Toistuvat kokemukselliset ja käyttäytymisen mallit. Mukaanottokriteerit täyttävissä 226 artikkelissa oli käsitelty runsaasti erilaisia yksilötekijöitä. Ne linkittyivät kaikkiin Geyh ym. (2019) luokkiin ja osa jäi luokituksen ulkopuolelle. Lisäksi osassa tutkimuksissa oli määritelty yksilötekijöiksi tekijöitä, jotka olivat linkitettävissä jollekin toiselle ICF-osa-alueelle tai jotka eivät kuvanneet toimintakykyä. Päätelmiä yksilötekijöiden roolista kuntoutuksessa oli tehty 50 (22 %) tutkimuksista. ICF:n yksilötekijöiden kirjo tutkimuksissa oli laaja, ja niiden huomioiminen osana toimintakykytietoa laajentaa ymmärrystä asiakkaan tilanteesta ja kuntoutumiseen vaikuttavista tekijöistä. Tämän tutkimuksen perusteella ei kuitenkaan ole mahdollista suositella, tulisiko ja miten yksilötekijöitä luokitella tarkemmin. Abstract The ICF personal factors are part of a comprehensive assessment of functioning - a scoping review of ICF personal factors in the rehabilitation studies The ICF classification is a biopsychosocial frame of reference that contributes to a holistic understanding of the client’s functioning and the factors involved. A more detailed description of the ICF personal factors is pending, which makes it difficult to apply the ICF classification in full. The aim of this scoping review was to describe which themes were identified in the studies as personal factors according to the ICF classification and what conclusions have been drawn about their further coding in the ICF classification. A systematic search was performed on the Cinahl, Pubmed, Science Direct and Sport Discus as well as Finnish databases (Finna, Helda, Helka, Julkari and Medic), based on articles published in 2010–2020. According to Geyh et al. (2019), the personal factors specified in the articles by, were classified into seven categories: socio-demographical factors, position in the immediate social and physical context, personal history and biography, feelings, thoughts and beliefs, motives, and general patterns of experience and behavior. The search yielded 226 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The articles had addressed a wide variety of personal factors that linked to all seven categories defined by Geyh et al. (2019). In addition, some studies had defined as personal factors that were linkable to other components of the ICF or that did not describe functioning. About 50 (22 %) of the studies had made conclusions on the role of personal factors in rehabilitation. The range of personal factors in the ICF classification addressed in the studies is wide and taking them into account as part of functioning information expands the understanding of the client's situation and the factors influencing rehabilitation However, based on this study, it is not possible to recommend a more precise coding of personal factors. Keywords: ICF, personal factors, rehabilitation, scoping review

Bystander intervention programs have consistently demonstrated a positive change in communitywide norms regarding sexual assault. However, much of the extant research is limited by the failure to measure the prevalence of opportunities to intervene relative to actual intervention behavior and the failure to examine how bystander behaviors may be affected by a personal history of sexual victimization. The current study aims to determine the relationship between a bystander’s previous history of sexual victimization, perceived barriers to intervention, observed opportunities to intervene, and actual intervention behavior in a range of high-risk, low-risk, and post-assault bystander opportunities in undergraduate students. Male and female undergraduate students ( N = 591) completed retrospective measures of their opportunities for and intervention in a range of bystander behaviors and perceived barriers to intervention. They also reported on their personal history of sexual victimization. The results indicated that those with a history of sexual victimization tended to perceive greater barriers to intervention than those without such history. Notably, individuals with a victimization history reported that they were less likely to notice a risky situation and to identify the situation as dangerous. However, noticing or intervening did not vary across different types of bystander intervention situations. In terms of gender differences, although men reported perceiving greater barriers due to the diffusion of responsibility and fewer barriers related to audience inhibition and skill deficits when compared to women, there were no significant gender differences in intervention behavior. Data were situated within current empirical and theoretical models of sexual and intimate partner violence, and implications of these findings for bystander intervention programs and directions for future research are discussed.

Objetivo: Descrever o Modelo de Promoção da Saúde de Nola J. Pender como aporte í prática de enfermagem. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura com a busca sendo realizada em março de 2020 por meio do buscador Google Acadêmico utilizando a expressão "Modelo de Promoção da Saúde de Nola J. Pender" para realização da busca. Resultados: Foram utilizados um total de quatro (100%) estudos, onde um (25%) é do tipo artigo de revisão, dois (50%) de natureza transversal, dois (50%) estudos são de caráter descritivo e um (25%) possui perfil observacional ou quantitativo. Conclusão: O Modelo de Promoção da Saúde proposto por Pender busca identificar padrões de vida e histórico pessoal do indiví­duo e facilita o direcionamento da assistência.

Intergenerational Health Review (IHR) postulates that reminiscence of personal history is a reconciling process beneficial to individuals since it helps to find meaning in life and gain a better se...

This is a personal history of how I came to view cigarette smoking as an addiction to nicotine. I discuss working with Stanley Schachter and Murray Jarvik. Although I note the importance of Michael...

A number of studies suggest a higher prevalence of suicidal behaviour among body modified individuals compared to the general population. In order to study tattoo features correlated to suicidal behaviour, 184 tattooed individuals aged from 18 to 32 were split into three groups: “ideators” (n = 28), “attempters” (n = 55) and “no suicidal tendencies” (n = 101). The participants were allocated to groups based on their personal history of suicidal attempts and self-injurious behaviour and current suicidal ideation. The history of suicidal and self-injurious behaviour and tattoo features were assessed with a non-standardized self-report questionnaire. Actual suicidal ideation was assessed using Beck’s Hopelessness Scale and Holden’s Psychache Scale. Selfconcept as a possible mediator was assessed using the “Self-concept questionnaire” (V. V. Stolin, S. R. Pantileev). The data was processed with multinomial and logistic nominative regression. The results suppose that having a tattoo on body areas where tattooing is especially painful and having a tattoo depicting only words are associated to having committed a non-lethal suicidal attempt, with the latter fully mediated by its association to systematic self-injury. Results also suggest that there is no association between (a) suicidal behaviour or self-concept and (b) an aggressive tattoo plot, visibility, or number of tattoos. The results can be used as a component of a comprehensive suicidal risk assessment model or in clinical assessment of suicidal risk.

Family health centers are the first gates to provide women with health services; health care services constitute a wide range of curative and preventive health services of particular importance to women's health. Aim of the study: to assess women's awareness and satisfaction toward health services provided at family health centers. Research design: a descriptive research design was used to conduct the study. Sample: a multistage random sample of 723 women was selected from four family health centers in Assiut city in the following villages (Zawia, Dronka, Menqbad, Bani Hussein villages). Data collection Tool: one tool was used in the study: part one included items related to demographic characteristics and personal history, part two:women's awareness about health services provided by family health centers and part three: women's satisfaction questionnaire about health services provided by family health centers. Results: more than half of the studied women (58.9%) aged ranged between 18

This chapter presents a composite of eight different women who were my clients and had so much in common, not only in terms of personal history, but also in terms of symptoms, disorders, interpersonal relationships, and symbiotic relationships with their mothers and men in their lives, that I felt it was begging to be labelled the "There is not enough syndrome." In this chapter, I will refer to the subject as “S,” but she is a composite of these women, all of whom were between the ages of 25 and 32 at the time of therapy, and who were in therapy for seven months to a year, during which time they all improved enough to leave therapy and live as independent successful professional young women. From the time they were born until they were three years old, all eight young women were adopted from an orphanage in a South American country. They were all unaware of the their mother's identity. The adopting mothers were between the ages of 40 and 55 at the time of the adoption. These women are now all retired or nearing retirement age, and they are all working mothers. During therapy, I painted and sketched pictures that depicted the challenges and problems that the young ladies revealed, and these are given in this paper.

Purpose: This study explores the perspectives and opinions towards ED clinicians with lived experience of ED. Methods: Three hundred and eighty-five ED clinicians and 124 non-clinicians from 13 countries, between 18 and 76 years of age completed an online survey about attitudes towards ED clinicians with a personal ED history. Almost half the respondents (n = 242, 47.5%) reported a lifetime ED diagnosis. Survey items included ten multiple-choice and three open questions about clinician disclosure, employer hiring practices, and perceived advantages and disadvantages of clinicians with a personal ED history practicing in the ED field. Multiple-choice responses from clinicians with and without a personal ED history were compared with responses from non-clinicians with and without a personal ED history. Open questions were examined using thematic analysis. Results: Clinicians with no ED history, whose responses often differed from both ED-history groups (clinicians and non-clinicians), were more likely to indicate that clinicians with an ED should not generally treat ED patients, and that clinicians should self-disclose their ED history to employers but not to their patients. Thematic analysis of the open-ended questions revealed that advantages of having clinicians with an ED history include a deep experiential understanding and the ability to be empathic and non-judgmental, whereas disadvantages include the lack of objectivity and the risk of clinicians being triggered. Conclusion: Further research informing guidelines for ED clinicians with a personal ED history, their colleagues and employers are needed to protect and empower the significant minority of ED professionals with “lived experience” of EDs. Level of evidence: Level III, case-control analytic study.

Transcultural consultations receive unaccompanied minors experiencing psychological distress as a result of their personal history in their country of origin, their harrowing journey until their arrival in France and their vulnerable situation. Presentation of the mental health pathway and identity issues of one of these young unaccompanied foreigners, and asylum seeker.

In this article, we aim to better understand how a personal history of cancer influences perceptions of environmental risk factors for cancers and adoptions of health-related behaviours. Semi-struc...

The author addresses the subject of modesty, firstly by referring to an article by Alexander Lowen (IIBA Newsletter, 1994), and then an article by Umberto Galimberti, a philosopher and Jungian analyst. Lowen speaks of modesty as «natural pride”, as the expression of the degree of self-perception and self-esteem of the person. It denotes the individual’s ability to contain their feelings and therefore indicates their ability to hold a strong sexual charge. For Galimberti, the human being – who has both a body and individuality – «modesty” expresses the contrasting dialectic between the ego and their animal condition, the two dimensions that intimately constitute the person and tear him or her apart. Each dimension, in fact, hosts two subjectivities. One subjectivity that says «I”, with which we usually identify ourselves, and the other that establishes us as «officials of the species” ensuring its continuity. According to Galimberti, modesty does not limit sexuality but identifies it. The author then reflects on the social and historical aspects of modesty in Italy over the last 50 years.

Many women equate the word menopause primarily with decline of life. On the one hand, the aesthetic component of the delicate age makes negative contributions to the dissatisfaction with this state; on the other hand, the growing pool of somatic health problems does not improve the quality of life in the best way. The woman’s path of life is unique and consists of chapters of beginnings and endings, losses and gains. A person, who develops harmoniously and consistently, reaches their creative climax by the age of 50. This is the age, when a person is able to plunge into their inner world more deeply, and the perception of what is happening in the outer world weakens. Mental maturity, accumulated experience, well established social connections allow a person to feel confidently in everyday reality. However, the physiological changes associated with menopause and the reproductive function failure affect the personal history of each of the fair sex in one way or another. Not a simple, but at the same time a very significant period begins after 50 years, when it is necessary to conquer new peaks and overcome new distances. Only a thoughtful and successful start of menopause can provide a sense of satisfaction and a cloudless horizon in physical well-being.

This article traces the history of Sensory Science in America. It starts with the roots of psychophysics in nineteenth-century Germany, following from Weber to Fechner to Wundt to Titchener to Bori...

Introducción. En El Salvador, la probabilidad de encontrar una mujer víctima de violencia basada en género es de 34 mujeres por cada 100. Objetivo. Construir escenarios de riesgo, y riesgo relativo en la mujer, partiendo de características como los antecedentes de violencia en la niñez y aspectos sociodemográficos que incrementan la probabilidad de que se convierta en víctima de algún tipo de violencia. Metodología. Análisis de los factores que incrementan el riesgo que una mujer sea víctima de algún tipo de violencia mediante un modelo de probabilidades de respuesta cualitativa usando la base de datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Violencia contra las Mujeres 2017. Resultados. En promedio, la probabilidad de que una mujer se convierta en víctima de algún tipo de violencia es del 29.3 por ciento, considerando los valores medios de la densidad poblacional, la edad y el antecedente personal de la mujer. Conclusiones. El antecedente personal de la mujer es determinante ya que el riesgo relativo aumenta si la mujer fue víctima de violencia antes de los 15 años, en ese caso, las posibilidades se triplican respecto al grupo de mujeres sin historial de violencia.

Personal information management behaviors appear differently by sources and by context. This study investigates personal information spaces from a quantitative approach and factors specific information behaviors and sources into information contexts. Using the information source horizon theory as a theoretical framework, college students' information behaviors to specific information sources were investigated in three personal information contexts (academic, health, and personal history contexts). In the college setting, students' personal information horizons echo the findings of previous studies that information contexts determine information horizons in general. In addition, specific information behaviors (collect, organize, and utilize) in this study are an important factor to influence personal information horizons. Certain information activities are observed in similar patterns regardless of contexts. The study suggests that the Information Horizon theory could be expanded to include information behaviors as an important determinant. From the data, radar charts visually present the relationships between information sources and activities, and they served as a collective form of information horizon maps.

Summary Polarization in U.S. politics and differences in worldview between political liberals and conservatives leads many people to believe that the field of bioethics has been influenced by politics. In 1996 George Lakoff proposed that liberal and conservative individuals possess very different worldviews. This is especially true around topics such as politics, childrearing, family roles, and religion. The ethics and morality of punishment as a means of control and discipline, public health issues, and women's reproductive rights are also understood differently. Lakoff explains these differences in the form of “family metaphors” where conservatives lean toward the model of the authoritarian Strict Father and liberals the model of the supportive nurturing parent. A survey with ratings from 1–6 was given based on Lakoff's family metaphors and Robinett's (2012) Political Worldview Instrument (PWI) which is a 60 statement survey measured on a six-point scale. Questions about the participants view of punishment and their experience with punishment were asked. Results indicated that two of the independent variables (pro-punishment and participants’ personal history with punishment) had a significant effect on predicting an individual's political affiliation. Pro-punishment views correlate positively with the participants’ political affiliation [P

The vmPFC ascribes affective meaning to experiences as they unfold and exhibits unique idiographic spatiotemporal dynamics., How we process ongoing experiences is shaped by our personal history, current needs, and future goals. Consequently, ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) activity involved in processing these subjective appraisals appears to be highly idiosyncratic across individuals. To elucidate the role of the vmPFC in processing our ongoing experiences, we developed a computational framework and analysis pipeline to characterize the spatiotemporal dynamics of individual vmPFC responses as participants viewed a 45-minute television drama. Through a combination of functional magnetic resonance imaging, facial expression tracking, and self-reported emotional experiences across four studies, our data suggest that the vmPFC slowly transitions through a series of discretized states that broadly map onto affective experiences. Although these transitions typically occur at idiosyncratic times across people, participants exhibited a marked increase in state alignment during high affectively valenced events in the show. Our work suggests that the vmPFC ascribes affective meaning to our ongoing experiences.

This article focuses on religiousness and spirituality in the art works of psychiatric patients of Nikkilä Hospital, Finland. The pictures analysed here belong to a collection held at the Helsinki City Museum and they were made during the twentieth century. The theoretical frame of the study is a cultural study of mental health. The collection is approached as presenting a specific kind of imagery which has connections not only to the personal history and diagnoses of the patients; their cultural context and hospital environment is also taken into account. The religiousness and spirituality of the Nikkilä collection are also compared with outsider art and examples of art history internationally.

Across four decades of war and violence in Iraq between 1981 and 2003, I undertook my medical training in psychiatry. I chose this specialty in response to the suffering of the bereaved women in Iraq across these rough times. This article details a personal history of my journey specialising in psychiatry through this period in Iraq and the experience of being the first female psychiatrist who accomplished her training through the Iraqi Board of Psychiatry in a programme established in 1988. I reflect on how psychiatry was not the specialisation of choice for female doctors, which created a shortage in the field. This most acutely impacted female trauma victims, who preferred to be treated by female psychiatrists. From the 1950s to 1988, the ratio of psychiatrists in the country increased from 0.2 to 0.5 per 100,000 population. However, this saw a dramatic decrease because of two waves of migration in 1991 and 2003, as of 1998, the ratio of psychiatrists in the country had dropped to 0.1 per 100,000 of the population. The pursuit and development of this specialisation were disrupted by war, invasion and comprehensive sanctions. I also consider the socio-economic impact of these aforementioned events on society as a whole and, in particular, on the medical profession. This account tells the story of my lived experience during those difficult times and my efforts to become an example of a new generation of women psychiatrists.

Para los sobrevivientes de los Centros Clandestinos de Detención (CCD) en Argentina, los tiempos posteriores a la (propia) desaparición estuvieron marcados por pesares, miedos y rupturas psico-sociales que persisten en el presente. No obstante, a partir de trayectorias, modalidades y tiempos diversos, muchos de ellos fueron recomponiendo el mundo de la vida y los espacios de acción e interacción. En estos recorridos, dos dimensiones asumen centralidad en los testimonios: la interpelación y/o el reconocimiento de los otros y el (re)encuentro con «pares» principalmente, sobrevivientes y/o compañeros de militancia. A partir del análisis de historias de vida, este artículo revisa el modo en que esos (re)encuentros fueron marcando nuevos y significativos puntos de inflexión en las trayectorias vitales y, particularmente, en las formas de revisitar la propia historia, de pensar-se y decir-se en relación con ella. For survivors of Clandestine Detention Centers (CDC) in Argentina, the time after (one’s own) disappearance was marked by regret, fear and psychosocial rupture whose persistence still prevails. However, on de basis of diverse trajectories, modalities and times, many of those survivors gradually recomposed the world of life and the spaces for action and interaction. In these routes, two dimensions assume centrality in the testimonies: on the one hand, the interpellation and/or recognition of the other. On the other hand, the (re)encounter with «peers» –mainly, survivors and/or companions of militancy–. Departing from the analysis of life stories, this article revises the way in which those (re)encounters produced new and significant turning points in vital trajectories and, particularly, in the ways those survivors revisited their own personal history. Fil: Lampasona, Julieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones Sociales. Instituto de Desarrollo Económico y Social. Centro de Investigaciones Sociales; Argentina

I try hard, but I know that I make mistakes. I practise unfamiliar names to myself before calling patients in from the waiting room, and I ask to be corrected on pronunciation. I like to know where my patients are from, and I hope that asking this demonstrates my interest—but what if it’s construed as intrusive or, worse, as questioning their right to be here seeing a doctor? Sometimes I ask, “Where is your name from?” which is more about heritage than personal history but still could be misconstrued. The problem with privilege, which I undoubtedly have, is that …

Background: Knowledge of the Adult Baby-Diaper Lovers (ABDL) phenomena is quite recent and there are, of yet, few studies on this phenomenon. Aim: This study was conceived to investigate the functions of ABDL behaviours and the characteristics of ABDL in an online Italian community sample. We hypothesized that ABDL phenomena were associated with general psychological maladjustment and with an experience of parental rejection during childhood. It was also assumed that there would be differences in ABDL profiles based on the age of appearance of their first Adult Baby-Diaper Lover (ABDL) fantasies. Method: An internet-based study was conducted and it involved 38 adults aged between 18 and 74 years (M = 34.95, SD = 12.25). Participants were first given an ad hoc questionnaire, which was devised to obtain information about the anamnestic variables related to ABDL. Then, the participants filled out the Cognitive Behaviour Assessment 2.0 battery to obtain anamnestic information regarding their psychological, medical, and personal history and to evaluate primary psychological dimensions in clinical practice. Finally, they filled out the Adult Parental Acceptance&ndash, Rejection Questionnaire, to evaluate their recollections of parental perceived rejection, and the Personality Assessment Questionnaire, to evaluate the primary psychological aspects related to parental rejection. Results: The data indicated that adults with ABDL showed the presence of anxious traits and recollections of parental rejection during childhood. Moreover, associations were observed between current or previous ABDL phenomena enuresis and negative mood states. Conclusion: Specific kinds of parental modes, anxiety traits, and enuresis seem to be the source of ABDL interests. Moreover, ADBL behaviours seem to assume different functions and meanings.

Este trabajo tiene como objetivos: (i) proponer un modelo de análisis de la integración de información contextual en el discurso; (ii) identificar cuáles son los patrones de error de las personas con demencia cuando integran la información contextual en su discurso; (iii) comprobar si la capacidad de las personas con demencia para introducir la información contextual correctamente se reduce conforme avanza el deterioro cognitivo. Para ello se ha propuesto un modelo teórico y se ha aplicado al análisis de un corpus, formado por grabaciones en vídeo de 23 informantes con distintos tipos de demencia mientras conversaban sobre sus rutinas, gustos e historia personal. El modelo propuesto ha funcionado correctamente como herramienta de análisis de nuestro corpus. Los resultados indican que existe una correlación negativa fuerte entre el estadio de la enfermedad y la capacidad para integrar la información contextual en los enunciados de las personas con demencia. This study pursues the following objectives: (i) developing a model for analyzing the integration of contextual information in discourse; (ii) identifying the patterns of error committed by people with dementia when they integrate contextual information in their discourse; (iii) verifying whether the ability of people with dementia to correctly use contextual information decreases as the cognitive impairment advances. In order to do so, a theoretical model has been proposed and it has been applied for analyzing a corpus, consisting of video recordings of 23 people with dementia while talking about their routines, likes, dislikes and personal history. The model has proved to work correctly as an analysis tool for our corpus. The results show that there exists a strong correlation between the ability to integrate contextual information of our informants and the stage of the disease in which they are. Ce travail présente les objectifs suivants: (i) développer un modèle pour analyser l’intégration d’information contextuelle dans le discours; (ii) identifier les patrons d’erreur que commentent les personnes souffrant de démence quand elles intègrent l’information contextuelle dans le discours; (iii) vérifier si la capacité d’utiliser correctement l’information contextuelle se réduit à mesure qu’avance le déclin cognitif. Pour ce faire, on a proposé un modèle théorique et on l’a appliqué pour analyser un corpus, composé de vidéos de 23 personnes souffrant de démence qui parlent de leurs routines, goûts et histoire personnelle. Le modèle a fonctionné correctement comme outil d’analyse de notre corpus. Les résultats montrent qu’il existe une corrélation forte entre la capacité d’intégrer l’information contextuelle des participants et le stade de leur démence.

Studies on differences between individuals convicted of sexual offences and nonsexual offences are sparse and there is an on‐going debate as to whether sexual offenders differ from other offenders. The primary aim of this study was to determine demographic characteristics, prevalence of mental disorders, alcohol and drug use at the time of the crime and the criminal responsibility of individuals charged with sexual offences, compared to nonsexual crimes, with the aim of bringing awareness to the similarities and differences between men charged with sex offences and those charged with other crimes. This is a single‐institution retrospective study of subjects charged with sexual offences and sent for institutional psychiatric evaluation to a Forensic Psychiatric Centre in an urban, academic, tertiary‐care center. The control group consisted of individuals charged with nonsexual offences referred to the same center. Results showed significant differences between individuals charged with sexual offences and nonsexual offences. Men charged with sex offences more frequently committed their crimes alone and victimized children equally as often as adults. They also less frequently pleaded guilty in court. They were more likely to be abused in childhood and more often had antisocial personality disorder and paraphilias and less often substance‐related disorders. The majority were considered criminally responsible. Our results show that sex offenders are different from nonsex offenders in many characteristics of their personal history, offence characteristics and forensic evaluations and these particular differences warrant different approaches to the prevention of future re‐offending, compared to nonsex offenders.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the attitude toward suicide prevention in medicine and nursing students attending University in south Mexico, considering their family and personal history of suicide. Demographic features and self-reported personal and family history of suicide were evaluated in 355 Mexican students at the Health Sciences School. Their views toward suicide prevention was assessed using the Attitude Toward Suicide Prevention scale. Comparisons between medicine and nursing students were performed, as well as between had or had-not previous personal or family history of suicide. Our results support that nursing students showed the most negative attitude toward suicide prevention. Therefore, training programs and strategies encouraging a better attitude in suicide prevention are necessary to be implemented. It is also necessary to consider cultural, ethnic and family backgrounds of the students/of the population when developing new strategies.

This study describes the experiences of adult psychiatry residents working in an established faculty-led asylum clinic within a community-based, academic residency program at the Cambridge Health Alliance. Eighteen psychiatry residents who participated in the asylum clinic were sent electronic surveys asking about their background and experience. Respondents’ responses were collected anonymously. Sixteen out of 18 (89%) trainees responded. Thirteen respondents had a personal history with immigration. Fifty-three percent of residents wanted to utilize their professional standing to advance moral good. Writing up affidavits was noted to be challenging by nine (60%) of 15 trainees. Ninety-four percent (15/16) of trainees noted that they would be willing to perform future evaluations. Most noted that performing evaluations had a significant impact on their clinical practice and their conceptualization of their own roles as psychiatrists. Participating in asylum evaluations impacts residents’ sense of themselves as psychiatrists and expands their views about psychiatrists’ roles.

Can fundraising solicitations have an effect on other types of giving, like volunteering? We report results from a field experiment in which a non-profit firm asked their current volunteers to donate money, in a randomly-staggered roll-out. We observe volunteers’ entire portfolio of giving to the firm – both donations, and volunteer hours before and after the call. Overall, these results suggested there was some decline in volunteer hours among volunteers who were newer to the firm. By contrast, long-time volunteers maintained their volunteering after the call, and were also more likely to donate in the first place. Substitution was rare, as the donors themselves did not decrease their volunteer hours after donating. Our findings provide new evidence for how personal history can shape charitable giving decisions, and provide new practical guidance for fundraisers.

This essay is an individual reflection on the analyst’s personal history of loss and trauma, as well as part of a theoretical exploration of the unconscious forces always at play in analytic work. ...

This essay is an individual reflection on the analyst’s personal history of loss and trauma, as well as part of a theoretical exploration of the unconscious forces always at play in analytic work. ...

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o conteúdo do relato verbal de professoras que atuam com alunos incluídos, buscando investigar a importância da história pessoal, da história pro ssional e da formação acadêmica para o desenvolvimento de comportamentos favoráveis ou não à inclusão. Foi realizada uma entrevista com oito professoras da rede regu- lar de ensino do município de Londrina que tinham alunos incluídos em suas salas de aula, investigou-se aspectos de sua vida pessoal, pro ssional e de formação acadêmica relacionados à educação especial inclusiva, bem como sobre sua atuação e opinião diante da inclusão. Os aspectos identi cados como mais relevantes para o preparo adequado de professores para atuarem com educação inclusiva foram a experiência pro ssional e a vivência prática da edu- cação especial.

Anyone who has an invisible illness: Emily Abel sees you. Abel knows the dual anguish of suffering from an invisible illness and of responding to people who fail to fully recognize this suffering. For decades, she experienced persistent fatigue and intense shame about it. In Sick and Tired, Abel comes to terms with this shame through a personal history of "cultural values" in modern white America.

The 'Pocket films empathy' activity is aimed at young people at risk of dropping out of school and those in crisis, often struggling to interact and show empathy with others. It provides support led by street educators trained in the use of the mobile telephone as a tool for talking and creating. By inviting them to put images and words to their emotions and compare their points of view, it enables these young people to express their anger, to escape from the fascination for sectarian ideas and to start to create their own personal history as well as their history within their family and society as a whole.

Purpose Bullying occurs frequently—and with significant negative outcomes—in workplace settings. Once established, bullying endures in the workplace, requiring the interaction of a bully perpetrator and an intended target who takes on the role of victim. Not every target becomes a victim, however. The purpose of this study is to investigate the processes by which targets, intended objects of bullies’ affronts, become victims, those individuals who experience ongoing emotional injury in response to bullies’ affronts, and to clarify how bullying victimization impedes inclusive excellence in the workplace. Design The design for this study was pragmatic utility, an inductive research approach grounded in assumptions of hermeneutics. Methods The pragmatic utility process involved the investigators’ synthesis of descriptions from a broad, interdisciplinary published literature. Integrating knowledge from their previous research and practice experiences with the pragmatic utility process, they derived qualitative features of victims’ experiences, differentiating target from victim in bullying encounters. Findings For those targets who ultimately are victimized, response to bullies’ affronts extends far beyond the immediate present. Redolence of personal, lived experience revives bygone vulnerabilities, and naive communication and relationship expectations reinforce a long-standing, impoverished sense. That sense couples with workplace dynamics to augment a context of exclusion. Conclusion Findings suggest that, as Heidegger contended, we are our histories. Personal history demonstrates a significance influence on the manifestation of bullying victimization, acting to distance them from their workplace peers and to impede inclusive excellence.

This study examines the implications of a history of personal violence on health and health behaviors. A secondary analysis of cross-sectional data involving adults (n = 214) from a semirural area in southern Louisiana between October 2008 and December 2010 was conducted to ascertain the association between a personal history of violence victimization and indicators of sexual health behaviors and outcomes: communication with sexual partners about HIV status, consistent condom use, and sexually transmitted infection (STI). While violence victimization is widely accepted as a risk factor for high-risk sex behavior, the mechanisms underlying violence victimization's influence on sexual health outcomes remain unclear. Bivariate analyses demonstrated a significant positive association between experience of physical abuse and lifetime history of STI. Surprisingly, respondents reporting lifetime physical violence were more than two times more likely to ask sexual partners about HIV status [odds ratio (OR) for physical attack = 2.23, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.00-4.97; OR for physical injury = 4.60, 95% CI = 1.79-11.85]. Consistent condom use was not significantly associated with violence exposure in adjusted models. There was no evidence that communication with sexual partners mediated the relationship between experiences of violence and condom use. The link between personal history of violence and condom use may be mediated through alternative pathways beyond communication.

This article reports findings from an investigation into how novice teachers’ classroom discursive practices were influenced by history-in-person processes. Thought-based and practice-based data sources of two novice teachers were analysed to understand how history is brought to the present through the minds and bodies of individuals as they are addressed by external forces. Findings suggested that one’s history-in-person interacts in complex and unpredictable ways with external factors and can result in contentious local practice. Thus, attention to both personal history and to institutional constraints must figure into interpretations of how novice teachers perform and how changing practice is approached.

This essay is a reflection on how personal history shapes who we are as we age and what matters to us, focusing on women. I begin by briefly recounting the formative aspects of my early years and midlife, and then show how these influence the choices I make in old age, as well as the concerns and anxieties I experience. I discuss lifestyle, family, and economic concerns, along with fear of dementia, and ageism. I conclude with a few comments about the kind of society that would facilitate decency and meaningful choice for the heterogeneous group who constitute America's aging.

This article follows the idea that our body offers a unique language to read our personal history; our physical body remembers everything and is ready to tell all. We just have to learn the language it speaks. The purpose of this article is to examine how body language allows us to read the presence of conflicts between the body, mind and emotions and resolve them. In this article, I will deal with the following questions: What is the significance of the signs that the brain has imprinted on the surface of the body? Why does our body preserve these signs? What is the body’s role in communicating between people and within themselves?

The aim of this chapter is to explore how supervision helps us to become more aware of blind spots and to develop personally. The chapter explains what supervision is, why it matters and explores what choosing a supervisor may say about the supervisee’s wants and needs. Heather Dale and Jayne Godward look at the process and dynamics of the supervisory relationship and its development. This includes the effects of being in a positive or negative supervisory relationship and how personal history may affect this. They examine how supervision can help trainees become aware of areas for personal development through exploring responses to clients. The writers use case examples and their own experiences both as supervisors and supervisees to make their points clearer.