1. The impacts of direct-negative and indirect-negative contact experiences on the attitudes toward the police: focus on racial differences
- Author
-
Hyeyoung Lim and Jae-Seung Lee
- Subjects
Focus (computing) ,Public Administration ,Indirect contact ,Social distance ,050901 criminology ,05 social sciences ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Race (biology) ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Racial differences ,0509 other social sciences ,Psychology ,Law ,Social psychology ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine how direct-negative and indirect-negative contact experiences affect students' attitudes toward the police by race and test the mediation effect of social distance on the relationship.Design/methodology/approachUsing the data collected from two US 4-year public universities, this study employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the impacts of the key variables, direct-negative and indirect-negative contact experience, on the students' attitudes toward the police. This study also tests whether indirect negative contact with the police is a stronger factor than direct negative contacts among racial/ethnic minority people.FindingsResults show that both direct-negative and indirect-negative contacts are stronger predictors of the dependent variable. In particular, the indirect-negative contact has significant direct and indirect effects through social distance on the dependent variable in racial minorities. The study also shows that indirect contact more strongly affects racial minorities than direct-negative contact experiences do.Originality/valueThis study is the first sophisticatedly to examine students' negative contact experiences into two variables: direct-negative and indirect-negative contacts with the police.
- Published
- 2021