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3 results on '"Eva Westerwald"'

1. Empirically Determined, Psychopathological Subtypes in Children With ADHD

Author

Christine M. Freitag, Christina Schwenck, Susann Hänig, Haukur Palmason, Sonja Beuth, Christiane Seitz, Eva Westerwald, Catharina Schmidt, Jobst Meyer, and Yvonne Zenglein

Subjects
Conduct Disorder, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Poison control, CBCL, Comorbidity, behavioral disciplines and activities, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, mental disorders, Injury prevention, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Cluster Analysis, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Risk factor, Child, Psychiatry, Child Behavior Checklist, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychopathology, 05 social sciences, medicine.disease, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Clinical Psychology, Socioeconomic Factors, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders, Conduct disorder, Female, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 050104 developmental & child psychology, Clinical psychology
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to empirically determine subgroups of ADHD defined by specific patterns of psychopathology. METHOD: A clinical sample of 223 children with ADHD, aged 5 to 14 years, was examined with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). In addition, comorbid psychiatric disorders, psychosocial risk factors, and socioeconomic status were assessed. RESULTS: Cluster analysis of CBCL subscales yielded a solution with four distinct subgroups. While "externalizers" showed a high rate of comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD), "obsessive-compulsives" exhibited thought problems, low rates of comorbid CD, and high symptoms of inattention. "High psychiatric symptom carriers" had high rates of familial risk factors, acute life events, comorbid ODD, and CD. "Low psychiatric symptom carriers" also scored low in all other variables studied. CONCLUSION: Children with ADHD can be divided into four subgroups according to their CBCL-based psychopathology, and these subgroups differ in their risk factor profiles. (J. of Att. Dis. 2013; XX(X) XX-XX). Language: en

Published
2013
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2. ADHD and autism: differential diagnosis or overlapping traits? A selective review

Author

Christine M. Freitag, Michael Sachse, Regina Taurines, Christina Schwenck, Eva Westerwald, and Michael Siniatchkin

Subjects
Proteomics, medicine.medical_specialty, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, Mind-blindness, Empathy, Neuroimaging, Comorbidity, Neuropsychological Tests, behavioral disciplines and activities, Diagnosis, Differential, Social cognition, Behavior Therapy, Risk Factors, mental disorders, medicine, Animals, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Autistic Disorder, Psychiatry, education, media_common, education.field_of_study, Neuropsychology, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Asperger syndrome, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Autism, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Psychology, Clinical psychology
Abstract

According to DSM-IV TR and ICD-10, a diagnosis of autism or Asperger Syndrome precludes a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, despite the different conceptualization, population-based twin studies reported symptom overlap, and a recent epidemiologically based study reported a high rate of ADHD in autism and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In the planned revision of the DSM-IV TR, dsm5 (www.dsm5.org), the diagnoses of autistic disorder and ADHD will not be mutually exclusive any longer. This provides the basis of more differentiated studies on overlap and distinction between both disorders. This review presents data on comorbidity rates and symptom overlap and discusses common and disorder-specific risk factors, including recent proteomic studies. Neuropsychological findings in the areas of attention, reward processing, and social cognition are then compared between both disorders, as these cognitive abilities show overlapping as well as specific impairment for one of both disorders. In addition, selective brain imaging findings are reported. Therapeutic options are summarized, and new approaches are discussed. The review concludes with a prospectus on open questions for research and clinical practice.

Published
2012

3. Autistic traits and autism spectrum disorders : the clinical validity of two measures presuming a continuum of social communication skills

Author

Eva Westerwald, Christine M. Freitag, Fritz Poustka, Sven Bölte, and Martin Holtmann

Subjects
Male, Psychometrics, PDD, Adolescent, Test validity, Interpersonal communication, Assessment, Sensitivity and Specificity, Developmental psychology, Interpersonal relationship, Surveys and Questionnaires, mental disorders, parasitic diseases, medicine, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, ddc:610, Child, Social Behavior, Diagnostics, Original Paper, Communication, Screening, Questionnaire, Reproducibility of Results, medicine.disease, Checklist, ROC Curve, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Clinical validity, Trait, Autism, Female, Psychology
Abstract

Research indicates that autism is the extreme end of a continuously distributed trait. The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and the Social and Communication Disorders Checklist (SCDC) aim to assess autistic traits. The objective of this study was to compare their clinical validity. The SRS showed sensitivities of .74 to .80 and specificities of .69 to 1.00 for autism. Sensitivities were .85 to .90 and specificities .28 to.82 for the SCDC. Correlations with the ADI-R, ADOS and SCQ were higher for the SRS than for the SCDC. The SCDC seems superior to the SRS to screen for unspecific social and communicative deficits including autism. The SRS appears more suitable than the SCDC in clinical settings and for specific autism screening.

Published
2010

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