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Engaging in well-being behaviors may promote resilience, which can protect against burnout. This descriptive, correlational analysis utilized baseline data from health care workers enrolled in the Web-based Implementation of the Science for Enhancing Resilience longitudinal study ( N = 2,383). The study aimed to describe the association of (a) types of well-being behaviors (regular exercise, yoga, meditation, spent time with a close friend, vacation) and (b) total number of well-being behaviors with resilience (emotional thriving and emotional recovery), covarying for sociodemographic and professional characteristics. General linear model findings indicated that each well-being behavior was significantly associated with greater emotional thriving, while only exercise and spending time with friends were significantly related to greater emotional recovery. Emotional thriving and emotional recovery were also significantly higher among health care workers reporting more well-being behaviors. Engaging in well-being behaviors may be one part of the solution toward increasing resilience in health care workers that warrants further investigation.

Los hábitos de lectura optimizan el aprendizaje de los estudiantes de primaria mejorando su rendimiento escolar, por ello el objetivo del presente artículo fue establecer la influencia que existe entre los hábitos de lectura y el aprendizaje de los estudiantes de primaria, El Agustino 2020. Lima – Perú. La metodología empleada fue bajo un enfoque cuantitativo, con un análisis correlacional – causal, de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo constituida por 86 estudiantes de los niveles de 5º y 6º grado de primaria de una población de 110 estudiantes. Para la medición se aplicaron dos cuestionarios validados por expertos. Como resultado se obtuvo que el coeficiente de correlación fue de - ,123, y una significancia bilateral de 0,261 mayor a 0,05 entre las dos variables de estudio por lo que se infiere que existe una relación escasa inversa entre las variables y no hay evidencia suficiente que relacione de forma significativa hábitos de lectura y aprendizaje.

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of the relationship between parental involvement to improve student chemistry learning achievement. The hypothesis proposed is that there is a positive and significant relationship between parental involvement and chemistry learning achievement. This research belongs to the type of quantitative research, with the product moment correlational analysis. The population of this study was all students of class X with a total sample of 52 students. The results showed that the significance value was 0.012, because the significance was smaller than 0.05 (0.012

This research was conducted to examine the impact of decision-making empowerment on women entrepreneurship development in Yemen. Two dimensions of decision-making empowerment were used; economic decision making, and household decision-making empowerment. This study employed the quantitative approach and the method of collecting data was the online-questionnaire. The targeted sample size of this study was 200 business women in Yemen and the response rate was 96.5%. The results of the correlational analysis show that there is a clear strong positive correlation between decision-making empowerment and women entrepreneurship development. In addition, the two dimensions; economic decision making, and household decision-making have a significant relationship with women entrepreneurship development. The results of the regression analysis reveal that decision-making empowerment has a significant impact on women entrepreneurship development and the economic decision-making empowerment and household decision-making empowerment were explaining women entrepreneurship development. It can be concluded that empowering women by allowing them to participate in economic and household decision-making appears to be one of the important factors for developing women's entrepreneurship in particular, which in turn will help reduce poverty as well as achieve economic growth.

Identification of signs of ASD and diagnosis require the use of tests with diverse sources of validity evidence. The aim of this study was to gather validity evidence for the PROTEA-R-NV based on: (a) criteria variables and (b) convergent validity with the M-CHAT. A mixed method design was performed (comparative and correlational groups). In the comparative analysis, 15 children diagnosed with ASD (mean age 44.8 (SD=16.64) months) and 15 children without this diagnosis (mean age 45.13 (SD=17.62) months) participated. Participants in the correlational analysis were 44 children with and without ASD (mean age 45.10(SD=15.90) months). The majority of PROTEA-R-NV items and the total score of the critical items showed significant differences between groups, with the ASD group presenting higher scores, indicating more impairment. The M-CHAT total score showed strong and positive correlation with the PROTEA-R-NV critical items score. Accordingly, the PROTEA-R-NV presented adequate evidence of validity based on criteria and convergent validity

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a correlação entre os testes de aptidão funcional desenvolvido pelo Grupo de Desenvolvimento Latino-Americano para a Maturidade (GDLAM) e a escala de aptidão funcional de Katz em idosos fisicamente independentes. Métodos: Cem idosos com idade ≥ 60 anos participaram do estudo. Os seguintes parâmetros foram investigados: composição corporal (estatura, massa corporal, perimetria), funcionalidade objetiva por meio da aplicação do teste objetivo GDLAM (andar 10m, levantar-se a partir de uma posição sentada, subida da posição prona e levantar-se da cadeira e deslocar-se pela casa) e escala funcional subjetiva de Katz (percepção do idoso seis itens para atividades diárias, como, banhar-se, vestir-se, utilizar o banheiro ou ato de ir ao banheiro para excreções, higiene pessoal, arrumar a roupa, transferência, avaliada no desempenho de sair da cama e se sentar em uma cadeira e vice-versa, continência, referente a autocontrole de eliminação de urina e fezes e alimentação, ato de dirigir a comida à boca). Resultados: A comparação dos resultados de concordância entre os testes de aptidão física objetivo (GDLAM) e subjetivo (Katz) apresentaram alto grau de concordância entre os scores, tanto na avaliação geral (r = 0,6636) quanto nos grupos feminino (r = 0,8662) quanto masculino (r = 0,8380). Conclusão: Os dois testes de aptidão física se correlacionaram moderadamente e apresentam boa aplicação prática. Isto sugere a intermutabilidade dos testes.

Teaching with English as a medium of instruction can be challenging for teachers in non-English speaking countries including Indonesia. The use of English as the language of instruction has become a part of marketing strategies for private schools to get more students. Apart from the marketing issue, the quality of the teachers should be on the top priority. Are the teachers qualified to serve as teachers at bilingual programs? Teachers’ communicative competence should add the general teaching competences of in-service teachers at bilingual programs. Unfortunately, schools hardly assess teachers’ communicative competence. This study aimed to find out the level of in-service teachers’ communicative competence and the correlation among the level of communicative competence aspects. This sequential explanatory study involved 82 in-service teachers who taught in English. The results of this study reveal that the subjects of this study were found in safe zone. It indicates that teachers of English speaking programs under this study can perform their tasks adequately although they cannot be called competent yet. From the Spearman correlational analysis, it was found out that the coefficient correlation was above 0.76 indicating a very strong correlation between communicative competence and its aspects and strong positive correlations among the communicative competence aspects. The results of this study provide valuable input of teachers’ communicative competence which can be further followed up with suitable trainings to improve teacher’s English competence.

This study aims to look at the effect of work family conflict on career development. The subjects used in this study were 196 police officers in the North Sumatra Regional Police Directorate General of Criminal Investigation. The hypothesis proposed in this study states that the influence of work family conflict on career development, where work family conflict tends to undermine the career development of a police officer. Analysis of the data used in this study is Correlational Analysis through the help of SPSS 25 for windows. The results ofcorrelation analysis correlation values (r) of -0.416 with p = 0.000 (P

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between gratitude, self-control, and criminal thinking. The majority of gratitude studies mostly focus on their relationship with well-being, life satisfaction, and prosocial behavior in normal and psychological disorders. Studies on the relationship between gratitude and deviant behavior are still very limited. This study uses correlational analysis and mediation of the relationship of gratitude, self-control, and criminal thinking of prisoners in sexual violence cases. The measurement of eighty-five prisoners in Kediri Penitentiary using the gratitude scale, Grasmick et al. 's self-control scale, and the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Style (PICT). This study's results found a direct effect of gratitude with criminal thinking; however, self-control shows a weak role in the index effect as a mediator. This finding has implications for the importance of developing a rehabilitation program on the psychological aspects of being grateful for inmates in prisons.

An online teacher needs to give a constant flow of commitment that can serve the progression of unessential data that goes after both time and core interest. The study determines the correlation of demographic profile and its influences on student’s perception towards online classes. The study contrived 313 respondents who are currently enrolled in the College using the snowball inspecting strategy. Frequency and simple percentage, Weighted Mean, Chi-Square Test of Independence, and one-way ANOVA were used to analyzed and interpret the data accumulated. The discoveries uncovered that the understudies slightly perceived online classes in learning diversification, peer interactions, user-friendliness, online course quality, and course design. The investigation also revealed a statistically significant relationship between the respondent's course, family income, and family structure to the level of perception towards online classes. Moreover, there is a statistically significant difference between family income and family structure by its influence on students' perception of online classes. The study concluded that correlational analysis among students explains the demographic factors affecting their concentration on online classes. Family income and structure play a significant role and greatly influences understudies enthusiasm in the College of Business and Accountancy online classes.

La calidad de los programas académicos de una institución educativa, medida a través de la aplicación de exámenes estandarizados, constituye una forma de evaluación objetiva del desempeño académico de los estudiantes de educación superior. En este sentido, el objetivo de este trabajo consiste en analizar la relación entre los exámenes de ingreso y egreso desarrollados por el Centro Nacional de Evaluación para la Educación Superior (CENEVAL) y el desempeño académico de una población de 2050 estudiantes de una facultad de negocios de carácter público a través del análisis cuantitativo, descriptivo y correlacional. Los resultados destacan una alta asociación en la metodología de diseño de los exámenes de ingreso y egreso de CENEVAL, en contraposición al bajo poder predictor de los exámenes de ingreso con el promedio general de la carrera. Las contribuciones de este trabajo permiten sentar las bases para la toma de decisiones respecto al uso de exámenes estandarizados como forma de evaluación de los estudiantes.

The purpose of this research was to analyze the processes that allow students to develop reading comprehension through extrapolation. A mixed methodology was used, where through the descriptive correlational analysis between the study variables and the qualitative one that allowed describing and explaining the pedagogical processes carried out. Regarding the quantitative method, a purposive sample of 220 students from the engineering area of a public university in Lima, Peru, whose ages ranged from 16 to 20 years old, of both genders, was used. For the qualitative analysis, eight students were randomly selected. The results showed that the dimensions referring to reading comprehension had an average value of 53% and the correlational analysis indicated a positive and regular average relationship between reading comprehension and extrapolation (Spearman's rho = .394). It was concluded that the use of extrapolation for the development of reading comprehension has been positive, reaching significant levels.

Evidence suggests young people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have lower levels of emotion regulation than typically developing peers and struggle to modulate the frequency and intensity of their emotions. It may be that these emotion regulation difficulties are a result of co-occurring alexithymia rather than being a core symptom of ASD. We explored the associations between alexithymia and emotion regulation in 43 young people with ASD, aged 10 – 18 years, through self and parent report questionnaires. Parents completed questionnaires measuring the young person’s emotion regulation skills and ASD symptom severity. The young people completed measures of emotion regulation and alexithymia. Correlational analysis and linear regression were used to investigate the relationships between ASD severity, alexithymia and emotion regulation. As predicted, high levels of alexithymia and high level of emotion dysregulation were reported by the young people. Parents also scored the young people as being high on emotion dysregulation. We found statistically significant correlations between alexithymia and emotion regulation, as reported by young people themselves, with some large effect sizes. Parental report of emotion regulation did not correlate with the measure of alexithymia. The source of discrepancies between parent and adolescent perceptions of emotion regulation and emotion recognition are discussed. These results highlighted the key role emotion regulation difficulties play in the lives of young people with ASD and the association with alexithymia. High levels of alexithymia are likely to impinge on the selection of appropriate emotion regulation strategies. The clinical implications for treatment are discussed.

The purpose of this study intends to determine the reality of the application of the learning model Everyone is a teacher here in the subject of Islamic Religious Education, to determine the reality of student learning outcomes in Islamic Religious Education subjects and to determine the reality of the effect of implementing the learning model Everyone is a teacher here on learning outcomes. students in the subject of Islamic Religious Education. The method used in this research is descriptive method. While the data collection techniques through questionnaires, observation and interviews. Then the data analysis used partial analysis and correlational analysis. The conclusion in this study is that the Islamic religious education learning model using the “everyone is a teacher here” model shows that the learning process through the “everyone is a teacher here” model can be carried out well. Student learning outcomes in the subject of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) with the application of the "everyone is a teacher here" model have an average score of 4.33. This figure in the scale of the assessment criteria is at intervals of 3.5 - 4.5 with high qualifications. And obtained the count of 2.55 while the table is 11.07. So thus the count is less than the table (2.55

The purpose of the study. To determine the relationship between perceptions, attitudes and learning motivation to learning outcomes, considering that many students have not obtained good learning achievement. There are two factors that influence learning outcomes, namely external factors and internal factors. Internal factors are student perceptions, student attitudes, and learning motivation. Materials and methods. This type of quantitative research uses correlational analysis techniques, the population of this study is all students of the 2019 PORKES Study Program which can be 140 people, while the sample in this study is 72 people. In this study, the sampling technique used proportional random sampling technique. The instruments used were the perception questionnaire, the attitude questionnaire and the learning motivation questionnaire. Data obtained from simple message and simple regression for hypothesis one, two and three without permission from multiple regression. Results The results of the data analysis show that: (1) there is a significant relationship between student perceptions and learning outcomes of Porkes Indraprasta University students, (2) there is no significant relationship between student attitudes towards student learning outcomes of PORKES UNINDRA, (3) student learning motivation towards student learning outcomes PORKES UNINDRA, (4) there is no significant relationship between student perceptions, student attitudes, and student learning motivation together on student learning outcomes PORKES UNINDRA. Conclusions. So from the results of this study it can be concluded that student perceptions, student attitudes, and student motivation to learn significantly contribute to student learning outcomes PORKES UNINDRA.

The interactions between individual factors (i.e., cognitive empathy, affective empathy) and situational factors (i.e., perceived popularity of a bully) in predicting passive bystanding or defending of the victim in a bullying situation were examined. A total of 522 Korean secondary school students answered survey questions and responded to vignettes depicting bullying scenarios that included the different popularity statuses of the bully. The results revealed that high affective empathy positively predicted defending negatively predicted passive bystanding regardless of the perceived popularity of the bully. However, when bystanders had low affective empathy and high cognitive empathy, as the perceived popularity of the bully increased, their intention to remain passive also increased but their intention to defend the victim decreased.

Su ürünleri, hayvansal protein kaynağı olmakla beraber içerdiği zengin yağ, vitamin ve mineraller açısından önemli bir besin kaynağı olarak görülmektedir. Özellikle balığın önemli bir besin kaynağı olmasının yanı sıra, tüketiminin de akademik başarıya olan etkisi yapılan farklı çalışmalarla ortaya konulmuştur. Bu çalışmada, öğrencilerin balık tüketim sıklığı ile okul başarıları arasındaki ilişki farklı değişkenlerle ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Çalışmada betimsel tarama yöntemlerinden ilişkisel tarama deseni kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklemini Antalya İl Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğüne bağlı 2 ilköğretim ve 1 lise kurumundan sosyo-ekonomik düzeylerine göre rastgele seçilen 259 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen bir anket kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde frekans, yüzde ve korelasyon değerlendirmeleri yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda balık tüketimi ile akademik başarı arasındaki ilişki, öğrencilerin bağlı bulundukları okul, cinsiyet, sosyo-ekonomik düzey ve balık tüketim sıklıkları açısından ele alınmış olup, ulaşılan sonuçların kuramsal açıdan desteklendiği ancak istatistiki açıdan desteklenmediği sonuçlarına varılmıştır.

El estudio tuvo como objetivo establecer la existencia de una relación entre la ideación suicida y los Estilos Parentales Disfuncionales en adolescentes con o sin autolesiones de Lima Metropolitana. El estudio fue de tipo sustantivo, de diseño correlacional, con análisis descriptivo, comparativo y correlacional, los participantes fueron 512 adolescentes de ambos sexos, sus edades fluctuaban entre los 14 y 18 años, a quienes se les aplicó las Escalas de Estilos Parentales Disfuncionales de Parker, Ideación Suicida de Beck y Kovac. Los resultados evidenciaron que el 50% de los adolescentes perciben un nivel medio a alto en el estilo parental disfuncional del padre, también en abuso y protección; en caso de la madre sobresalieron la indiferencia y sobreprotección, el 70% manifestaron abuso de la parte de la figura materna, en tanto, 52% de los adolescentes demostraron un nivel moderado a grave en la ideación suicida. El 59.2% refirieron que no se realizan autolesiones, aunque 40.8% sí respondió afirmativamente. Las conclusiones reportaron que hay relación significativa y directa entre la ideación suicida y los estilos parentales disfuncionales, así como se detecta que los adolescentes que realizan autolesiones tienen mayores estilos parentales disfuncionales en comparación con quienes no se realizan autolesiones.

Fardhu prayer is a compulsory activity that can create peace of mind for those who run it. For medical students in semester 8 of FK UMP who are experiencing many exams and personal problems, prayer can help calm and relieve stress. This study aims to determine the relationship between the regularity of fardhu prayer and stress levels in 8th-semester students of the Faculty of Medicine, Muhammadiyah University of Purwokerto. Methods use a correlational analysis research design with a cross-sectional approach. The study was conducted on an entire population of 48 students of the Faculty of Medicine, Muhammadiyah University of Purwokerto. Stress level data were obtained using the DASS test questionnaire, and prayer regularity data were obtained from the fardhu prayer regularity questionnaire. Data analysis with Pearson parametric correlation test. Results show the highest level of stress in students who experienced mild stress, and the results of the regularity of student prayers were found that many students regularly prayed. Based on the Pearson correlation test results, the value of p = 0.0 10 was obtained. There is a significant relationship between the regularity of fardhu prayer and the stress of the 8th-semester students of the Faculty of Medicine, Muhammadiyah University of Purwokerto, class of 2013.

PurposeThe Pitch Patterns Test (PPT) and the Duration Patterns Test (DPT) are clinical auditory processing tests that evaluate temporal patterning skills based on pitch (PPT) or duration (DPT) aspects of sound. Although temporal patterning tests are categorized under the temporal processing domain, successful performance on the PPT also relies on accurate pitch discrimination. However, the relationship between pitch discrimination ability and temporal patterning skills has not been thoroughly evaluated. This study examined the contribution of pitch discrimination ability to performance on temporal patterning in children through the use of a pitch discrimination task and the PPT. The DPT was also given as a control measure to assess temporal patterning with no pitch component.MethodThirty-two typically developing elementary school–age children (6;11–11;3 [years;months]) with normal hearing were given a series of three counterbalanced tasks: an adaptive psychophysical pitch discrimination task (difference limen for frequency [DLF]), the PPT, and the DPT.ResultsCorrelational analysis revealed moderate correlations between DLF and PPT scores. After accounting for age, results of a linear regression analysis suggested that pitch discrimination accounts for a significant amount of variance in performance on the PPT. No significant correlation was found between DLF and DPT scores, supporting the hypothesis that the pitch task had no significant temporal patterning component contributing to the overall score.DiscussionThese findings indicate that pitch discrimination contributes significantly to performance on the PPT, but not the DPT, in a typically developing pediatric population. This is an important clinical consideration in both assessment and utilization of targeted therapy techniques for different clinical populations.

espanolEl proposito de este documento es determinar el factor que hace que el aprendizaje a distancia en linea sea exitoso durante la pandemia COVID-19 y se centro en descubrir factores para hacer posible el aprendizaje a distancia en linea durante la pandemia. La investigacion es de naturaleza fenomenologica y se realizo durante la pandemia COVID-19. Se utilizo un metodo de encuesta descriptiva para identificar las habilidades tecnologicas, la actitud hacia las caracteristicas de un maestro / alumno exitoso en linea y el nivel de preparacion de los administradores, junto con los beneficios experimentados que se experimentaron en el aprendizaje a distancia en linea. Se empleo analisis correlacional para determinar la relacion entre las variables. La actitud hacia el aprendizaje a distancia en linea esta fuertemente relacionado con los beneficios experimentados del aprendizaje a distancia en linea por parte de profesores y estudiantes. La preparacion de la institucion para adaptar el aprendizaje en linea esta fuertemente relacionado con los beneficios experimentados de los administradores. El estudio saco a la luz las experiencias vividas por los encuestados en el aprendizaje a distancia en linea durante COVID-19. Este documento sera util para los administradores escolares y los maestros como base para la formulacionde politicas y programas para la implementacion del aprendizaje a distancia en linea que se adaptara al entorno de la “nueva normalidad”. EnglishThe purpose of this paper is to determine the factor that makes online distance learning successful during the pandemic COVID-19. This paper focused on uncovering factors to make online distance learning possible during the pandemic. The research is phenomenological in nature and descriptive-survey method was used to identify the technology skills, attitude towards the characteristics of a successful online teacher/student, and level of readiness for the administrators, together with the experienced benefits that were experienced in online distance learning. Correlational analysis was employed to determine the relationship between the variables. Findings show that teachers and students have basic technology skills in online distance learning through the use of Facebook and Messenger; they can generate knowledge even without physical interaction and at their most convenient time. Gadgets or devices useful for online distance learning and unreliable internet access and/or technology struggle in joining digital learning to do school tasks are the prevailing challenges of the teachers and students. Attitude towards online distance learning is strongly correlated to the experienced benefits of online distance learning by the teachers and students. The readiness of the institution in adapting online learning is strongly correlated to the experienced benefits of the administrators. The study was Phenomenological in nature. It was conducted during the pandemic COVID-19. The study brought surface the lived experiences of the respondents in online distance learning during COVID-19. This paper will be useful for school administrators and teachers as basis for policy and program formulation for online distance learning implementation to be crafted to suit in the “new normal” environment.

This paper reports an Ex post facto design investigation of undergraduate students’ attitude towards computers and their performance in introduction to computer in Cross River State of Nigeria. Four hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Computer Attitude Scale (CAS) was administered to 1000 randomly selected third year undergraduate students from five faculties namely Arts, education, management science, medicine and science during the 2005/2006 session. The data collected were subjected to statistical analysis using Population t-test for single means, Pearson Product Moment Correlational Analysis, Analysis of Variance and Fishers’ LSD Multiple Comparism Test. The results of the analyses showed that undergraduate students have positive attitude to computers; undergraduate students’ attitude towards computer was positively associated with their achievement in introduction to computers. Results also showed that gender, age and faculty were factors that predict computer attitudes and achievement. Based on the findings recommendations were made.

Procrastination is frequently performed by students and many studies claimed that it happened to all levels of students. This study aimed at: (1) investigating the level of academic procrastination of EFL students in Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, (2) investigating EFL students’ reasons in engaging on academic procrastination, and (3) determining whether self-efficacy correlates with academic procrastination. An embedded mix-method with explanatory design was employed in this study, it is started quantitatively than followed up by an in-depth qualitative study. A correlational analysis was used to test the hypothesis of this study. The findings revealed that (1) EFL students in Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha mostly had a high level (63%) of procrastination (n= 130); (2) the main reasons of EFL students to engage on academic procrastination were; Time management (28%), Aversiveness of the Task (24%), Sincerity (22%), and Personal Initiative (26%); and (3) there was a strong, negative correlation between students academic procrastination and self-efficacy, r = –.651, n = 130.

This study aims to determine the effect of facilities and infrastructure management on teaching and learning activities at the kindergarten Al-Fadlillah Maguwoharjo Yogyakarta. This research uses a quantitative approach eith a correlational analysis method. Data analysis was performed with a simple linear regression test to determine the effect between facilities and infrastructure management variables (X) and the variables of teaching and learning activities (Y). The results showed a significance value 0,001 smaller than 0,05, which means that there is a significant influence between the management of facilities and infrastructure with teaching and learning activities at the kindergarten Al-Fadlillah Maguwoharjo Yogyakarta. The coefficient value between the two variables is 0,863 or 83,6%. These results, indicate the management of facilities and infrastructure have a positive and significant influence on teching and learning activities by 83,6%. While 16,4% is influenced by other factors, such as the child’s basic abilities, physical and psychological condition of the child, and childrens learning motivation. So, the implementation of structured and controlllled facilities and infrastructure management will support quality improvement in the process of teaching and learning activities at the kindergarten Al-Fadlillah Maguwoharjo Yogyakarta.

La investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar la relación entre las habilidades emocionales y el emprendimiento de administradores de pymes. Para este trabajo usaron un enfoque de tipo cuantitativo aplicado a un grupo de emprendedores de pymes en la provincia de El Oro, cuyos resultados fueron tabulados y analizados mediante la técnica multivariante del análisis factorial y correlacional, cuyos resultados fueron valores superiores a 0,9, lo que indico fiabilidad y consistencia óptima en los instrumentos; por otro lado en el análisis correlacional, dieron como resultado valores que indicaron que las categorías en su totalidad presentaron correlaciones estadísticamente significativas, en consecuencia quedo demostrada la relación existente entre las categorías usadas en la investigación, en este caso categorías que correspondieron a las habilidades emocionales y el emprendimiento. Por todo esto, resulta necesario que las habilidades emocionales que fueron consideradas en el estudio, no sean atributos aislados en los emprendedores, sino más bien, se cosechen simultáneamente en ellos cada una de las habilidades que explican fuertemente la acción de emprender.

Background While grief research has focused on death-related losses and distressed outcomes, contemporary findings suggest that role losses can lead to grief, and growth can accompany grief. The current study aimed to replicate and extend the Papa, Lancaster, & Kahler, 2014 study by: (1) assessing common loss responses (prolonged grief, major depression, posttraumatic stress) and role centrality among bereaved, divorced, and unemployed individuals, and (2) exploring posttraumatic growth and stress appraisals among loss groups. Method A cross-sectional online survey was completed by 372 recently bereaved, divorced, and unemployed individuals. Exploratory factor analysis assessed common loss responses in the bereaved group. In the sample, multiple regressions assessed the relationship between role centrality, stress appraisals, and outcome variables (prolonged grief, posttraumatic growth); correlational analysis assessed the relationship between posttraumatic growth and psychopathology variables; qualitative analysis assessed examples of posttraumatic growth. Results A subset of each loss group reported prolonged grief and posttraumatic growth. Prolonged grief was a distinct factor from major depression and posttraumatic stress. Role centrality and stress appraisals were significantly associated with outcome variables. There was a weak, positive relationship between posttraumatic growth and psychopathology variables. Limitations Limitations included convenience sampling and a cross-sectional study design, which precluded assessing responses over time. Strengths included replicating existing literature and incorporating a strength-based measure. Conclusions Prolonged grief can emerge from death-related loss and role loss. Also, posttraumatic growth can accompany prolonged grief. In clinical practice, loss can be conceptualized broadly beyond bereavement and addressed with the potential for posttraumatic growth.

Theory suggests that teachers’ implicit racial attitudes affect their students, but large-scale evidence on U.S. teachers’ implicit biases and their correlates is lacking. Using nationwide data from Project Implicit, we found that teachers’ implicit White/Black biases (as measured by the implicit association test) vary by teacher gender and race. Teachers’ adjusted bias levels are lower in counties with larger shares of Black students. In the aggregate, counties in which teachers hold higher levels of implicit and explicit racial bias have larger adjusted White/Black test score inequalities and White/Black suspension disparities.

espanolEl presente trabajo muestra el proceso de construccion y un estudio psicometrico del Cuestionario MMAP elaborado con el objetivo de recoger las opiniones de los estudiantes respecto al aprendizaje de la tecnica del Mapa Mental Aumentado en Puzle. Dicha tecnica es el resultado de la combinacion de la estrategia de los mapas mentales con la tecnologia de realidad aumentada y la tecnica de aprendizaje cooperativo Jigsaw. El cuestionario disenado fue creado ad hoc con una escala Likert de 5 opciones de respuesta y tres dimensiones, que son: valoracion general de la dinamica del Mapa Mental Aumentado en Puzle, vertiente cooperativa de la tecnica y combinacion del mapa mental con la realidad aumentada. Se han realizado dos estudios descriptivos por encuesta de caracter transversal. El cuestionario se aplico, en un primer momento, a una muestra de 192 estudiantes; y, en segundo lugar, a un total de 388 estudiantes de las titulaciones de educacion de la Universidad de Cordoba (Espana). Los datos fueron sometidos a un analisis correlacional, asi como a un estudio de la consistencia interna y de la estructura factorial mediante analisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el modelo de instrumento planteado es apropiado y coherente con los supuestos teoricos iniciales, al presentar unos indices de bondad de ajuste elevados y una validez y fiabilidad altas. EnglishThe present work shows the construction process and a psychometric study of the Questionnaire MMAP developed with the objective of collecting students’ opinions regarding to the learning of the technique Augmented Mind Map in Puzzle. This technique is the result of the combination between the strategy of mind maps with the augmented reality technology, and the cooperative learning technique Jigsaw. The questionnaire designed was created ad hoc with a Likert scale of 5 response options and three dimensions: general assessment of the dynamics of the Augmented Mind Map in Puzzle, cooperative side of the technique and combination of the mind map with augmented reality. Two descriptive studies have been carried out by cross-sectional survey. The questionnaire was applied, in the first time, to a sample of 192 students; and secondly, to a total of 388 students of the education degree of the University of Cordoba (Spain). The data were subjected to correlational analysis, study of internal consistency and factorial structure through exploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis. The results obtained show that the model of the proposed instrument is appropriate and coherent with the initial theoretical assumptions, since it presents high goodness of fit indexes and high validity and reliability.

Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities are at an increased risk for engaging in severe problem behavior, which is often preceded by less intense precursor behaviors. These precursor behaviors may be a viable option as target behaviors for functional analyses in situations where evoking severe problem behavior is not ideal. We identified precursor behaviors through a correlational analysis and confirmed their membership in the same response class as more severe problem behavior through an experimental analysis.

Figural rating scales are tools used to measure male body dissatisfaction. The present review aimed to examine the design and psychometric properties of male figural rating scales and make recommendations based on findings. Relevant databases were systematically searched for studies that had developed and validated male figural rating scales. Twenty studies were included in this review. Figural rating scales differed in terms of the number of images represented and type of stimuli used (hand-drawn silhouettes, hand-drawn figures, computer-rendered figures, and photograph figures). Reliability and validity evidence varied greatly in strength across all scales. Four of the 20 scales included a correlational analysis between figural rating scale scores and eating disorder symptoms. Results showed the moderate to high positive correlations between eating disorder symptoms and figural rating scale perceived and index scores, suggesting that figural rating scales are sensitive to detecting eating disorder symptoms. Ideally, male figural rating scales should show strong validity and reliability, include variations in both body fat and muscularity, utilise realistic body stimuli, and be interval scales. No existing male figural rating scale meets these criteria. However, this review identifies five figural rating scales that meet the majority of the recommended criteria.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el efecto de las variables contextuales del partido en la intervención del portero de hockey patines durante las faltas directas. Se realizó un estudio documental basado en la Ok Liga 2015-16 y fueron analizadas todas las faltas directas (n=637). Los datos fueron recogidos de las actas de juego de la Real Federación Española de Patinaje. Se analizaron las variables contextuales: minuto de partido, estado del marcador, momento de la temporada, importancia de la falta directa y localización del partido. Se realizó un análisis correlacional mediante la prueba chi cuadrado de Pearson para identificar la relación entre las variables del estudio y la eficacia del portero. Los resultados constataron que el minuto de partido presenta una relación significativa con la eficacia del portero (χ2= 17,665; Sig.=,04; p < ,05; w = ,167). un aumento de la frecuencia de faltas directas en los momentos finales, el 43,96% son lanzadas en los últimos 10 minutos de partido, y una mejora de la eficacia del portero en los momentos críticos (77,1%). Estos resultados pueden contribuir a una mejor comprensión de la importancia de los porteros en el resultado final de los partidos de hockey patines. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of the match’s contextual variables on the roller hockey goalkeeper intervention during free hits. A documentary study based on the Ok Liga 2015-16 was carried out and all the direct free hit of this season were analyzed (n=637). The data were collected from the playing records of the Real Federación Española de Patinaje. The contextual variables analyzed in direct free hit were: the minute of the match, score status, season time, importance of the direct free hit and match location. A correlational analysis has been performed using the Pearson's chi-squared test to identify the relationship between contextual variables and goalkeeper’s efficiency. The results show that the minute of the match has a significant relationship with the goalkeeper's efficiency (χ2= 17.665, Sig. =.04, p < .05; w = .167), an increase in the frequency of direct free hit in the final moments, 43.96% are thrown in the last 10 minutes of the game, and an improvement in the goalkeeper's efficiency in critical moments (77.1%). These results can contribute to a better understanding of the goalkeepers’ importance in roller hockey matches result. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o efeito das variáveis ​​contextuais do jogo na intervenção do guarda-redes de hóquei em patins nos livres diretos. Um estudo documental baseado na Ok Liga 2015-16 foi realizado e foram analisados todos os livres diretos (n = 637). Os dados foram coletados das minutas do jogo da Real Federación Española de Patinaje. Foram analisadas as variáveis ​​contextuais: minuto de jogo, estado do marcador, momento da época, importância do livre direto e localização do jogo. Foi realizada um análise correlacional pelo teste qui-quadrado de Pearson para identificar a relação entre as variáveis ​​do estudo e a eficácia do guarda-redes. Os resultados mostraram que o minuto de jogo tem relação significativa com a eficácia de guarda-redes (χ2 = 17.665, Sig = .04, p < .05; w = ,167), um aumento na freqüência dos livres diretos nos momentos finais do jogo, 43.96% são marcados nos últimos 10 minutos do jogo, e uma melhora na eficácia do guarda-redes nos momentos críticos (77.1%). Esses resultados podem contribuir para uma melhor compreensão da importância dos guarda-redes no resultado final dos jogos de hóquei em patins.

espanolEl objetivo de esta investigacion es analizar la relacion entre la intencion de practica de actividad fisica, la actividad actual, la motivacion y satisfaccion vital de maestros espanoles. A traves de un diseno descriptivo, predictivo y transversal, se administro un cuestionario con diversos instrumentos a una muestra de 649 docentes en activo. Inicialmente, se realizo un analisis de las propiedades psicometricas de las escalas a traves de un analisis factorial confirmatorio y de fiabilidades de los factores, encontrando unos indices de ajuste adecuados. Seguidamente, se realizo un analisis correlacional y una regresion lineal multiple por el metodo de pasos sucesivos. Las correlaciones mas altas se dieron entre los motivos de diversion, competencia, fitness y la actividad fisica actual y futura (p EnglishThe objective of this research is to analyze the relationship among the intention of physical activity practice, current activity, motivation and life satisfaction of Spanish teachers. Through a descriptive, predictive and cross-sectional design, a questionnaire with different instruments was administered to a sample of 649 active teachers. Initially, an analysis of the psychometric properties of the scales was carried out by means of a confirmatory factorial analysis and factor reliability, finding suitable adjustment indices. Subsequently, a correlational analysis and multiple linear regression were performed using the successive steps method. The highest correlations were among the reasons of fun, competition, fitness and current and future physical activity (p

We examined the role of upward social comparison in the relationship between passive social network site use and adolescent materialism. A sample of 718 Chinese adolescents completed measures of passive social network site use, upward social comparison, and materialism. Correlational analysis results showed that passive social network site use was significantly correlated with upward social comparison and adolescent materialism. In addition, regression analysis results showed that passive social network site use significantly predicted adolescent materialism through the mediation of upward social comparison. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

This study investigate the relationship between students‟ perception of procedural justice andacademic dishonesty among students at a Thai university. A cross-sectional survey designwas employed that utilized a correlational analysis. The sample size derived from theuniversity consisted of 133 respondents. Results indicated that there were no difference in thestudents‟ perception between procedural justice and academic dishonesty when compared bygender, program, class, or faculty. A weak positive relationship was found between students‟perception of procedural justice and academic dishonesty (n = 133, r=.27). Implications forthis are discussed within the article.

Executive functioning (EF) is key to students’ school and lifelong success and reflects both genetic predisposition and sensitivity to negative and positive experiences. Yet there is less available literature investigating the relationship between typical experiences within school environments and student EF development. This is unfortunate, as school environments are potentially more malleable than home- or community-based factors. Thus, the purpose of this article is to present a systematic review of the literature from 2000 to 2017 to understand how school-, classroom-, and dyadic-level (teacher–student and peer–student) experiences relate to student EF development. Across 20 studies, we found that classroom emotional support and teacher–student conflict were the most consistent predictors of student EF development, with emerging support for school-level and peer-level variables. We discuss findings in relation to school-based inhibitors and facilitators of student EF and provide implications for education research and practice.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to understand the mediating effect of workplace incivility on the relationship between nursing organizational culture and turnover intention among nurses. DESIGN A descriptive survey was used to collect data. The participants were 170 nurses with more than six months of clinical experience at university hospitals or hospitals with over 500 beds in South Korea. METHODS Data were collected using self-report questionnaires. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, and Pearson's correlation. Baron and Kenny's three-step hierarchical regression analysis and the Sobel test were used to determine the mediating effect of workplace incivility on the relationship between nursing organizational culture and nurses' turnover intention. RESULTS This study found a full mediating effect of workplace incivility on the association between relationship-oriented culture and turnover intention (Z = -3.02, p = 0.003) and a partial mediating effect of workplace incivility on the association between hierarchy-oriented culture and turnover intention (Z = 2.36, p = 0.018). CONCLUSION This study empirically confirmed that nursing organizational culture and workplace incivility directly or indirectly influenced turnover intention, which highlights the seriousness of workplace incivility. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study suggests that there is a need to establish a concrete strategy to avoid a hierarchy-oriented culture and create a relationship-oriented culture. It is important to develop a variety of intervention programs to reduce workplace incivility in order to prevent nurses' turnover.

Armenia has adopted chess in primary school programs since 2011, and different types of research have been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of this implementation. One of the questions to be addressed after chess adoption is: “What are the main and contextual factors of the effectiveness of that implementation?”, or “How these factors have been changed?”. The article tries to answer those questions by conducting correlational research on a representative sampling of Armenian students, their parents and teachers.

Objetivo: Analisar o desempenho funcional e muscular da articulação glenoumeral de atletas do basquete em cadeira de rodas e comparar com atletas do basquete regular. Metodologia: Oito atletas do basquete em cadeira de rodas e oito atletas do basquete regular fizeram parte da amostra. Para a análise funcional, os testes realizados foram o maximal pass e o arremesso de medicine ball. Em seguida, foi realizada a avaliação do desempenho muscular dos músculos rotadores externos e internos do ombro, utilizando dinamômetro isocinético, no modo concêntrico-concêntrico nas velocidades angulares de 60º/s., 180º/s. e 240º/s. O teste t pareado foi utilizado para a comparação entre os membros e o teste t não pareado para a comparação entre os grupos. O teste de correlação de Spearman foi utilizado para verificar as correlações entre as variáveis funcionais e musculares. Foi considerado o nível de significância de p

The purpose of this study was to verify the relationships among concealment tendencies, illness attitudes, belief in a just world, and cognitive flexibility. Based on prior studies, we assumed that cognitive flexibility mediates the concealment tendencies affecting illness attitudes and belief in a just world. To better understand their relationship, we collected data from two Asian countries with different cultures. The participants were 418 Korean and 400 Chinese adults. We conducted correlational analysis, structural equation modeling, and verification of mediating effects. We found that cognitive flexibility–control factor fully mediated the relationship between concealment tendencies and illness attitudes for Korean participants and partially mediated the relationship for Chinese participants. The relationship between concealment tendencies and cognitive flexibility–alternatives factor differed across participants’ country of origin. For Chinese participants, cognitive flexibility–alternatives fully mediated the relationship between concealment tendencies and belief in a just world. These differences might stem from the countries’ different social systems, values, and attitudes. Finally, we discuss this study’s implications and limitations.

The aim of this research was to empirically validate hypothesized predictive relationships of protection and risk factors for experiencing academic stress. A synthesis of models—the presage–process–product model; the studying, learning and performing under stress competency model; and self- vs. external-regulatory theory—underlies the investigation and is important for assessment and guidance in stress situations within the university context. Over the course of an academic year, a sample of 564 Spanish university students voluntarily completed validated questionnaires, in an online format, on several psychological variables connected to academic stress. Correlational analysis and the path analysis model, within an ex post facto design, were used to build empirical models of the presage–process–product factors that constitute protection or risk factors in academic stress. Two statistically acceptable models appeared: one with protection factors and another with risk factors in predicting and preventing academic stress at a university. These results support the need for psychology units at university that have a preventive, health and education focus, going beyond the merely clinical. Focus on an individual is insufficient, given that there are also contextual factors that predispose academic stress. Discussion, conclusions, and implications for assessment and intervention in academic stress in university students and teachers, within the present COVID-19 crisis, are offered.

Título, resumen y palabras clave en español e inglés Resumen basado en el de la publicación Resumen basado en el de la publicación Se adapta y valida un instrumento que permite analizar la tipología y la incidencia de la violencia en las relaciones de pareja en jóvenes. Se utilizó el análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y el análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC). La muestra seleccionada estuvo compuesta por dos grupos de jóvenes (n= 253 y n= 323) estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Granada (España). Después de la validación realizada con el AFE, obtuvimos una estructura que, más tarde, fue corroborada con el AFC a través de ecuaciones estructurales (RMSEA = .062, CFI = .935, TLI = .916). La fiabilidad y la consistencia interna del instrumento también se probaron con valores para todas las dimensiones superiores a .700. También se llevó a cabo un análisis descriptivo y correlacional. Esta nueva versión compuesta por 20 ítems y cinco dimensiones presenta una validez y fiabilidad aceptables que demuestran que el modelo es consistente y coherente con los supuestos teóricos de partida. ESP

espanolIntroduccion: Se diseno y valido un instrumento de evaluacion de trauma psicosocial en victimas de desplazamiento forzado asociado al conflicto armado en Colombia, denominado TPS-6. Metodo: el estudio fue instrumental. El plan de prueba, los items y la escala de valoracion fueron evaluados por siete expertos, con quienes se realizo la validez de contenido. El instrumento se aplico a 200 personas, victimas y no victimas. El ajuste de los items se analizo con el modelo de Rasch de la teoria de respuesta al item. Para obtener la evidencia de validez de constructo se realizo el analisis factorial exploratorio. La validez convergente se comprobo a traves del analisis correlacional con la Escala Diagnostica de Estres Postraumatico y las Escalas de Afecto Positivo y Negativo. La fiabilidad del instrumento fue hallada a traves de los coeficientes alfa de Cronbach y omega. Resultados: teniendo en cuenta los analisis psicometricos realizados, la prueba quedo con 26 items que conforman seis factores. La prueba cumple con los requerimientos psicometricos para evaluar trauma psicosocial. Conclusiones: este instrumento es un aporte para la evaluacion forense del dano psicosocial. EnglishIntroduction: An instrument for evaluating psychosocial trauma in victims of forced displacement associated with the armed conflict in Colombia was designed and validated, named TPS-6. Method: The study was instrumental, the test plan, the items and the assessment scale were evaluated by seven experts, with whom the content validity was performed. The instrument was applied to 200 people, victims and non-victims. The adjustment of the items was analyzed with the Rasch model of the item response theory. To obtain the evidence of construct validity, the exploratory factor analysis was performed. The convergent validity was verified through the correlational analysis with the Diagnostic Scale of Post-traumatic Stress and the Scales of Positive and Negative Affect (PANAS). The reliability of the instrument was found through Cronbach’s alpha and omega coefficients. Results: Taking into account the psychometric analyzes carried out, the test was left with 26 items that make up six factors and, the test meets the psychometric requirements to evaluate psychosocial trauma. Conclusions: This instrument is a contribution for the forensic evaluation of psychosocial damage.

Background Facebook can be a suitable platform for public health interventions. Facebook users can express their reaction to the given social media content in many ways using interaction buttons. The analysis of these interactions can be advantageous in increasing reach and engagement of public health interventions. Objective This research aimed at understanding how Facebook users’ interactions correlate with organic reach and engagement regarding the same smoking cessation support contents. Methods The study population consisted of Facebook users who were reached by a public smoking cessation support page without advertising. We included 1025 nonpaid Facebook posts (N=1025) which used smoking cessation strategies based on a motivational interviewing counseling style. The following data were collected from the “Post Details”: the number of people who saw the given nonpaid content (organic reach) which consisted of fan and nonfan reach according to previous “page like” activity; each rate of “engagement indicators” (such as the symbols of “like,” “love,” “haha,” “wow,” “sad,” “angry”; or other interactions: “shares,” “comments,” “clicks”); and the rate of negative Facebook interactions (eg, “post hides” or “unlike of page”). Overall, these data were analyzed with the Spearman correlation method. Results Surprisingly, we found a significant negative correlation between organic reach and the “like” reaction (rs=–0.418; P Conclusions This study has shown that it is possible to hypothesize a disadvantage of the “like” reaction and advantages of other interactions (eg, the “haha” reaction or “comments”) in content algorithmic ranking on Facebook. In addition, the correlational analysis revealed a need of a further categorization to fan-specific interactions (eg, “haha” or “love” reactions) and nonfan-specific interactions (eg, “shares” and “clicks”). Regarding the direction of the correlations, these findings suggest that some interactions (eg, negative Facebook interactions, “wow,” “sad,” and “angry” reactions) may decrease the engagement, while other interactions (“like,” “love,” “haha” reactions, “shares,” and “clicks”) may increase the engagement during Facebook-based smoking cessation interventions. This hypothesis-generating research offers an important insight into the relationship between organic reach, engagement, and Facebook users’ interactions for public health professionals who design Facebook-based interventions.