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Patterns of change in self-regulation from the ages of 2.5 to 12 years were modeled using repeated measures of self-regulation for a sample of 399 African American (n = 180, 45%) and Latinx (n = 219, 55%) children from families experiencing low income. Measures included both direct assessment and parent report. Results confirmed four components of self-regulation: working memory, inhibitory control, complex response inhibition, and set shifting. Furthermore, these components of self-regulation were more differentiated at younger ages but grew increasingly integrated as children developed. During early childhood, Latinx children displayed greater levels of working memory and higher levels of inhibitory control, and African American children displayed greater complex response inhibition and set shifting, but these ethnic differences reversed by early elementary school. By late middle childhood, ethnic differences in self-regulation had virtually disappeared altogether. Few differences by child gender or family poverty status were identified. Recommendations are provided to facilitate the modeling of self-regulation over extended periods of development including (a) utilizing measures that overlap time points, (b) standardizing the measurement scales, and (c) utilizing a flexible latent variable model. Public Significance Statement: Self-regulation skills are important for children's success academically and socially from early childhood through adolescence. By demonstrating methods for longitudinal studies, this article will assist researchers to address questions regarding how early development influences later development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marital adjustment is an important predictor of coping with stress among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A randomized controlled trial conducted on 60 parents of children with ASD showed that integrative SFT and double ABCX therapy, conducted over ten sessions of multiple family therapy in group counseling for five weeks and a one-month follow-up at special needs children's centers in Jordan, resulted in a 48% increase in marital adjustment and a 34% reduction in parenting stress. These therapies significantly improved the well-being of parents of children with autism, while the control group did not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grounded in Seligman's tripartite model of agency, the authors developed the 10-item Agency Scale. Using data from three waves (1994–1996, 2004–2006, 2013–2014) of the MIDUS national longitudinal study, results from midlife adults (N = 2,717) supported a three-factor structure, corresponding to self-efficacy, future-minded planning (as a measure of optimism), and imagination. Evidence for measurement invariance, construct validity, and reliability was provided. The three subscales of the Agency Scale uniquely and positively predicted effort, persistence, generativity (as an indicator of innovation), and perceived progress. Supporting Seligman's hypothesis, sequential mediation analyses revealed that effort, persistence, and generativity significantly mediated the self-efficacy-perceived progress, future-minded planning-perceived progress, and imagination-perceived progress relations, respectively. Significant mean differences across three timepoints indicated an overall declining trend in scores of agency (including self-efficacy, future-minded planning, and imagination) and perceived progress. Collectively, these findings provide support for Seligman's tripartite model of agency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

America has experienced a rapid increase in loneliness, substance use, and suicidality. This increase is particularly deleterious for Veterans, who, as compared to nonmilitary-connected civilians, experience elevated rates of loneliness, substance use, and suicidality. In this project we investigated the link between loneliness, substance use, and suicidality, paying particular attention to the mediational role of loneliness between substance use and suicidality. 1,469 Veterans (male, n = 1004, 67.2%; female, n = 457, 32.3%; transgender/non-binary/prefer not to say, n = 8, 0.5%) answered online surveys in the Mental Health and Well-Being Project. Items assessed participants on psychosocial antecedents of health and wellness. Pearson correlations and mediational models were used to determine if loneliness, substance use, and suicidality were related and if loneliness mediated the link between substance use and suicidality. Results indicated that loneliness, substance use, and suicidality were significantly and positively related (rs =.33–.42, ps <.01). Additionally, loneliness partially mediated the link between substance use and suicidality (β =.08 [.06–.10]), suggesting that, within the context of substance use in Veterans, loneliness may account for significant variance in suicidality. Together findings suggest the Veterans Health Administration should support, fund, and study community engagement activities that could reduce the development or intensity of substance use, loneliness, and suicidality in Veterans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building upon the evidence supporting the interpersonal benefits of trait mindfulness, efforts to understand mindfulness in the context of intimate relationships (i.e., relationship mindfulness) have been made to better predict relationship outcomes. To further understand the relationship benefits of mindfulness, it is crucial to take a closer look at for whom and under what conditions trait mindfulness translates into relationship mindfulness. In this study, we examined the moderating effects of one's own and their partner's mental well-being on the positive link between trait mindfulness and relationship mindfulness. Specifically, we expected this link to be weaker for those who themselves or their partners reported worse mental well-being as poor mental well-being may pull couples inward, away from showing up mindfully in relationships. A sample of 115 different-sex married couples completed an online questionnaire that included measures of trait mindfulness, relationship mindfulness, and markers of mental well-being (i.e., depression, anxiety, loneliness). A series of actor-partner interdependence moderation models showed that, consistent with our hypotheses, the link between husbands' trait mindfulness and relationship mindfulness was weaker if husbands or their wives reported higher depression or anxiety. Therefore, couples may benefit more if mindfulness-based couple interventions directly target how partners can use mindfulness skills to stay connected even when facing mental health challenges. This study also further highlights the importance of considering various relational contexts for mindfulness research and interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to explore the predictors of bystanders' intentions to intervene and types of intended intervention in domestic violence (DV) and sexual violence (SV) situations in South Korea. Using nationally representative data from the 2016 National Fact-Finding Survey on Gender Equality (N = 7,399) and logistic regression-based models, this study focused on two key predictors, bystander gender and attitudes about gender equality, while controlling for age, educational level, and employment status. Our findings indicated that males and females were equally likely to state intentions to intervene in both DV and SV situations. While both males and females were more likely to state that they would intervene indirectly rather than directly, females were even less likely to intervene directly than were males for both situations. Attitudes indicative of gender equality further increased the intention to intervene for DV and SV situations in multivariate models. Gender equality attitudes, however, decreased the intentions to intervene directly in DV but not SV situations. Limitations and implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to characterize the network structure of grief-related functional impairment symptoms as measured by The Grief Impairment Scale (GIS) in 520 Peruvian individuals who have experienced the death of a family member or loved one. A psychological network model was applied to evaluate the estimation, stability, and accuracy of the network during the analysis sequence. The results indicated that the inability to perform activities at work, school, or home was the most central symptom in the entire network. However, the presence of high instability in the centrality indices indicates that the central node may differ in other cultural contexts. The networks were invariant according to sex. The most influential node in the women's group was their inability to perform activities at work, school, or home. In men, the most central node was the presence of health problems due to bereavement. The results would help to better understand functional impairment due to bereavement [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study analyses the motivators and inhibitors of collective action tendency using the Social Identity Model of Collective Action (SIMCA). The study was conducted with a minority and state‐based repressed group known as the old settlers in Sikkim, India. The old settlers are a community that have been historically settled in Sikkim prior to the state's merger with India in 1975. They are racially and ethnically different from the majority population of northeasterners in Sikkim and face both institutional and interpersonal discrimination. A qualitative approach using semi‐structured interviews with 11 old settlers was taken to delineate SIMCA variables – moral conviction, identity, injustice and efficacy – within the context of northeast India. Collective action was motivated through moral conviction via principles of equality and unequal treatment and outsider status, identity via politicisation of identity, creation of social movement organisations, injustice via anger and fraternal resentment and efficacy via marches and legal recourses. Collective action was inhibited through moral conviction via denial of violation, identity via acculturation, injustice via fear and efficacy via learned helplessness. These findings indicate that in state‐based repressed groups, collective action tendencies must be understood from a context‐specific lens that attempts to understand both motivating and inhibitory factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Child Abuse and Neglect (CAN) is extensively implicated as a risk factor preceding the development of Obsessive–Compulsive Personality Traits (OCPT). Nevertheless, the majority of individuals with a history of CAN do not go on to develop OCPT. To date, little research has investigated potential model networks that may help contribute to explaining why CAN sometimes leads to OCPT and not at other times. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether attachment-anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty, and metacognition have indirect effects in the association between CAN and OCPT in various network models. Undergraduate psychology students (N = 291) participated in an anonymous 30-min online survey consisting of a series of self-report questionnaires regarding child abuse and neglect, attachment, intolerance of uncertainty, metacognition, OCPT, and depression. Bootstrapped serial mediation revealed attachment-anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty had a serial-mediation effect in the association between CAN and OCPT. Serial mediation was not found for metacognition and attachment-anxiety. However, metacognition alone mediated between child emotional abuse and OCPT. These findings expand our currently limited knowledge regarding the etiology of OCPT and suggest that attachment-anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty, and metacognition may be important contributors for understanding the development of OCPT following CAN exposure. The potential clinical utility for both assessment and treatment are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the need for profound systemic change to deal with environmental issues, this is not happening. At a psycho‐sociological level, System Justification Theory has mostly explained environmental inaction by greater environmental denial on the part of individuals motivated to justify the economic system. In this article, and in line with research in political science and sociology, we propose to also take into account the existence of different beliefs concerning the social change needed to deal with environmental problems. While some do advocate for profound transformations of current socio‐economic systems, others propose to maintain and adapt them. Moreover, these beliefs have different implications in terms of the pro‐environmental behaviors (PEBs) to be adopted by individuals. We therefore hypothesized that, independently of environmental denial, individuals who justify the economic system would adhere more to adaptation beliefs (e.g., individualization of responsibility) and reject transformation beliefs (e.g., incompatibility between economic growth and environmental preservation); and that these beliefs would mediate the effects of system‐justification on PEBs depending on whether or not they challenge the economic system. A correlational study (N = 277) corroborated our hypotheses. The importance of taking into account the system‐challenging (or not) nature of some pro‐environmental beliefs and behaviors is discussed. Public Significance statement: This article proposes to consider the presence of divergent beliefs regarding the necessity of either adapting or transforming current socio‐economic systems to address environmental issues. It demonstrates that these beliefs have varying effects on individuals' pro‐environmental behaviors and their acceptance of public regulatory policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Although social media use, such as Instagram, has been associated with ED pathology, mechanisms connecting social media use to disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) remain largely unevaluated. Based on Dual Process, Tripartite, and Affect Regulation models of ED pathology, we proposed a moderated mediation model evaluating impacts of exposure to fitspiration/thinspiration on Instagram. Method: We evaluated a hypothesized pathway from exposure to fitspiration/thinspiration (i.e., ED‐salient content) on Instagram to disordered eating mediated by negative affect and tested individual differences in weight bias internalization, trait self‐esteem, and trait self‐comparison as moderators. We recruited 173 undergraduate women who reported engaging in DEBs on average at least once per week over the past 3 months. Participants completed a seven‐day ecological momentary assessment protocol, during which they reported their ED‐salient content exposure on Instagram, affect, and engagement in DEBs. Results: Multilevel modeling was used to assess moderated mediation. Negative affect partially mediated associations between viewing ED‐salient content and subsequent engagement in objective binge eating and restricting but did not mediate the pathway to purging or excessive exercise. Higher weight bias internalization intensified the association between viewing ED‐salient content and negative affect. Discussion: The association between viewing ED‐salient content and engaging in objective binge eating and restricting may be a partial consequence of elevated negative affect; however, effects were small. Individuals with higher weight bias internalization may be more vulnerable to negative consequences from viewing ED‐salient content. Findings suggested that reducing negative affect responses (e.g., via emotion regulation) could reduce negative consequences of viewing ED‐salient content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current complex life conditions and changing developmental contexts draw attention to the concept of capabilities, the various combinations of functions a person can do or can be, and the opportunities to achieve them. A future‐oriented time perspective is a dimension along which individuals express meaning‐making of experiences and expectations regarding their lives, a benchmark for the well‐being and satisfaction of the quality of life they experience. Findings from research studies involving adults with disabilities and family members of persons with a disability provide evidence for a time‐based model, an approach tapping into both the concept and measurement of quality of life and balancing both current and expected quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Annual surveys continue to demonstrate an increasing prevalence of mental health difficulties among college students, resulting in increasing help seeking behaviors. One factor identified as predicting both well-being and mental health symptoms among college students is family functioning. The Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale IV (FACES-IV) is a popular instrument that assesses family functioning for use in both clinical and research contexts. However, the FACES-IV has not been specifically validated among the college student population. This study examined the psychometric properties of the FACES-IV with 684 primarily female college students from 18 colleges and universities across the northeastern, midwestern, and southern United States in 2018. Given the data, an alternative three-factor model of the FACES-IV was explored with the sample. Implications for using the FACES-IV in research and practice with college students are discussed. Highlights: Family functioning impacts college students' mental health. An alternative, three-factor model of the FACES-IV is proposed. Implications for research and practice using the alternative model are explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate between- and within-country consensus about affective meanings of social identities along the evaluation, potency, and activity dimensions from the affect control theory research tradition. Ratings for 387 (194 male and 193 female) identities were collected from two samples representative of the French (N = 700) and German (N = 700) populations for age, gender, and region. Guided by two preregistered hypotheses based on previous cross-cultural research, our analysis points to considerable cultural consensus between French and Germans who seem to share a common "Carolingian" affective culture; yet some culture-specific patterns concerning the evaluation dimension and evaluation-potency interactions were found to be statistically significant. We interpret these results in terms of known cross-cultural features such as power distance and conceptions of power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Boston Marathon is a highly regarded event in the running world, not just for its prestige and challenging course, but also for its implementation of a psychology team to support runners. The 2013 Boston Marathon bombings underscored the essential role that mental health support plays at this event, prompting the development and expansion of its innovative care model. This review critically outlines, evaluates, and analyzes the approach and effectiveness of the psychological care model provided to runners on race day as part of the Boston Marathon medical team, including the standard of care, how it functions, and best practices for other marathons. The implications for this review contribute to the increasing trend of providing psychological care in marathon and other athletic settings, and to provide a framework for standardizing assessment and intervention procedures for both elite and novice runners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: For much of the 20th century, psychosocial approaches to psychosis were rejected by conventional psychiatry. However, Loren R. Mosher, an American psychiatrist, drawing on the ideas of R. D. Laing and the tenets of interpersonal phenomenology, set up the Soteria project in California, and in so doing made his mark on the psychosocial treatment of psychosis. This essy revisits Mosher's life's work, analysing some of the implications derived from his creation of alternative therapeutic spaces in psychiatry for those stigmatized, medicalized, and objectified within a psychiatric category. Methods: Using a selection of relevant works from the literature (including many written by Mosher alone or in collaboration with others), this paper is a timely reconsideration of this question, as there is a growing acknowledgment today of the need for alternatives to the current drug-centered approach to the care of people who are going through psychotic episodes. Results and Discussion: As I will show here, Mosher was a potent precursor of the so-called community-based approach, imbuing his clinical praxis with a strong phenomenological vision of psychosis. He also showed his work to be compatible with robust research, and provided empirical evidence for its efficacy, without rejecting drug prescriptions when necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Emotional regulation difficulties have been linked to unusual sensory experiences (USEs) in the general population. However, the multi-factorial nature of emotional regulation is relatively understudied. This study examined emotional regulation difficulties, alexithymia and interpersonal emotional regulation across six USEs in a psychosis-proneness sample. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional correlational research design with predictive models. Data was gathered using an online survey methodology, with convenience purposive sampling. Results: A series of hierarchical linear regressions tested the predictive power of the emotional regulation variables on USEs, controlling for self-identified psychiatric diagnoses. Emotional regulation difficulties were a significant predictor in all six USEs. Alexithymia was a significant predictor in three USEs. Interpersonal emotion regulation was not a significant predictor. Discussion: The consistency of the relationship between emotional regulation difficulties and USEs emphasised its importance in psychological models and the potential to utilise the large emotional dysregulation evidence base with psychosis populations. Emotional regulation is a multi-factorial construct. Further exploration of emotional regulation difficulties in USEs, and utilising emotional regulation skills with clinical samples are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the influence of the integrated motivational-volitional (IMV)1 model on research and practice, the supporting literature has not been systematically synthesised. This systematic review aims to synthesise the literature testing the IMV model of suicidal behaviour. Using citation and database searching, PsycINFO, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for studies referencing the IMV model (last searched on 28th March 2023). Included studies empirically tested the hypotheses of the model. Quality assessment was conducted using the National Institute of Health tool. Findings from 98 records (100 studies, 138,365 participants) were narratively synthesised. Results from studies directly testing the hypothesised pathways of the model supported the defeat-entrapment-suicidal ideation pathway of the IMV model. Case–control studies comparing differences between control, ideation, and enactment groups were consistent with hypotheses in univariate and cross-sectional analyses. However, support for the model was mixed for case–control multivariate and prospective studies. Due to low overlap in variables studied, the role of specific pre-motivational phase variables and stage-specific moderators was inconclusive. The studies received overall good quality ratings. The IMV model presents a promising framework for understanding and preventing suicide. Defeat, entrapment, and key variables may be useful in informing suicide prevention measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to assess pre-post change of 439 patients undergoing a multicomponent treatment (psychodynamic psychotherapy complemented with other treatment components) using a novel network methodology targeting symptoms comorbidity. Patients were recruited from seven clinical sites in the Czech Republic. First, the effectiveness of the treatment was assessed traditionally as a pre-post change in wellbeing, depression, and anxiety using a Bayesian mixed model. The Bayesian factors of time effect (pre-post comparison) on the three outcomes indicate evidence in favor of hypotheses suggesting psychotherapy effectiveness. Second, a network analysis of individual items measuring all three outcomes (Gaussian Graphical Model) was conducted to compare baseline and post-treatment patients' networks in global edge strength, the topography of the network, the centrality of nodes, and the clique percolation. The network density represented by global edge strength was not affected by the treatment. Nevertheless, the network structure changed in a more qualitative manner into a clearer and separated set of node communities, potentially showing a reduction in comorbidity. The central position of the depression node community in the patients' self-reported outcome assessment network was replaced by anxiety and wellbeing node communities after treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to identify and to describe the implicit understanding of mind and mental life at work across an adolescent inpatient eating disorder ward, where the author worked as a healthcare assistant for 12 weeks. It does so by providing an account of 'prompts' employed by hospital staff during mealtimes on the ward. The vision of mental illness implied by these 'prompts' is described as supporting a paradigm of mental life consistent with the assumptions of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). An account of supervising mealtimes while employing language consistent with a psychodynamic model of mind is briefly offered as an alternative, before some of the benefits and drawbacks of both paradigms are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stepped care model (SCM) is a patient‐centred approach to mental health care, offering a range of services from least to most intensive, tailored to individual needs. This scoping review examines the adoption, effectiveness, challenges and implications associated with applying SCM within primary mental health service delivery. Evidence from global sources suggests the model is viable, effective and useful. This review explores the literature available, clarifies fundamental concepts and identifies existing knowledge gaps. The literature search included CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, the Federation University library, Google and Google Scholar databases. A systematic keyword‐based search using terms like "stepped care model," "mental health," and "primary care"; and a combination of keywords and subject headings, were used. The search strategy was refined by considering factors such as relevance, publication date, objectives and outcomes. This strategy yielded 20 papers compiled in this review. They include randomised controlled trials and cross‐sectional studies. The review supports SCM adoption in primary mental health care but acknowledges the need for further research. Key inclusions of the review include cost‐effectiveness, diverse diagnoses, efficacy and the model's structural configuration. Clear treatment details, delivery methods, intervention durations and chronological sequences are essential. This systematic approach enhances generalisability across different SCM models and areas, strengthening reliable inferences. In summary, the SCM holds promise for enhancing mental health service delivery. However, there is a need to further examine the factors that determine its effectiveness and understand the different ways in which SCM is implemented. Such inquiry forms the foundation for implementing and advancing mental health care services in Australia and internationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whether compensation serves as a motivational resource for employees is still a debated subject. It has been suggested that the effect of pay on motivation could be contingent on the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs as outlined by self‐determination theory. The current research explored the role of amount of base pay as well as pay fairness discrepancy in relation to basic psychological need satisfaction, autonomous work motivation and, in turn, psychological well‐being (i.e., vigor and emotional exhaustion), turnover intentions, and work performance. Managerial need support was also included in the model, so its mechanisms and its effects on the outcomes could be measured against those of pay. Using a combination of archival data and employees' self‐reports from 593 Norwegian workers, results revealed that amount of base pay did not predict satisfaction of any of the basic needs, pay fairness discrepancy negatively predicted satisfaction of the needs for autonomy and relatedness and positively predicted satisfaction of the need for competence, whereas managerial need support significantly predicted satisfaction of all three needs. While there was no significant direct relation from amount of base pay to any of the outcomes, results showed a significant direct relation from managerial need support to psychological well‐being (positive to vigor and negative to emotional exhaustion) and turnover intentions (negative). There was also a significant direct positive relation from pay fairness discrepancy to turnover intentions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of prosocial behavior in helping migrant youths overcome challenges associated with relocating to urban settings has been emphasized. However, the trajectory of prosocial behavior in this population and the factors influencing it remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the influence of cumulative family risk on the growth trajectory of prosocial behavior among Chinese rural-to-urban migrant adolescents from 7th grade to 8th grade. Additionally, it delved into the moderating role of school belonging in the relationship between cumulative family risk and prosocial development. The participants in this study included rural-to-urban migrant adolescents (Mean age = 13.52, SD = 1.23, N = 844) and their parents. Outcomes from latent growth curve modeling revealed that migrant adolescents displayed intra-individual increases in prosocial behavior during the transition from 7th grade to 8th grade, while cumulative family risk had a negative influence on these changes. Nevertheless, the adverse impact of cumulative family risk on prosocial development was alleviated for adolescents who reported a heightened sense of belonging within the school environment. These findings underscore the protective role of school belonging in the prosocial development of migrant adolescents, especially for those facing elevated cumulative family risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Career inaction, or failing to act adequately for a period of time to make a desired change in one's career, is quite common in the workplace. Despite this, research regarding how it affects employees at work is very limited. Using attribution theory and stress research, we propose an integrated view of how employees interpret and respond to career inaction differently. Specifically, we establish the idea of blame attributions for career inaction (i.e., self‐ and other‐directed blame attribution) and investigate how they relate to employees' emotional and behavioural responses to career inaction. We conducted three studies to address the research questions: a scenario‐based experiment with 315 workers, a three‐wave survey with 302 full‐time employees and a daily diary study of 123 hospital nurses across five consecutive working days. The findings revealed that when faced with career inaction, employees who blame themselves are more likely to experience anxiety, while those who blame others tend to experience anger. Anxiety and anger are further linked to work withdrawal and interpersonal deviance respectively. Overall, we contribute to the advancement of career inaction theory and career management practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Segmentation of work from nonwork life is widely presented as desirable to maximize recovery from work. Yet it involves effort which may reduce its positive effects. We present a dual‐process model of segmentation based on integrating boundary theory and self‐regulation theory that shows how creating and maintaining boundaries can have both positive and negative effects. Segmentation allows individuals not only to psychological detach from work, thereby reducing work–nonwork conflict, but can also deplete an individual's momentary capacity for state self‐control, increasing work–nonwork conflict. We tested our model with two studies: a weekly diary study with a sample of 436 individuals and a daily diary study with data collected at two time points each day from 162 participants. Using a Bayesian approach, we find some support for our hypothesized dual pathways. In both studies, psychological detachment mediated a negative relationship between segmentation and work–nonwork conflict. In the daily study, self‐control capacity mediated a positive relationship between segmentation and work–nonwork conflict, but this effect was present only when individuals worked onsite and not when working at home. This article contributes towards understanding the mechanisms explaining the relationship between segmentation and work–nonwork conflict and underscores the importance of self‐regulation in this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging adulthood is a pivotal period for romantic relationships, yet the specific mechanisms through which attachment anxiety influences relationship dynamics and psychological outcomes in this phase are poorly understood. Particularly, in the context of romantic dyads, understanding how partners' behaviors and emotional patterns reciprocally influence each other remains underexplored. This study utilizes the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model and Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediator Model to explore the relationship between attachment anxiety,relational aggression (both perpetration and victimization), and depressive symptoms among emerging adults. A sample of 138 mixed-sex emerging adulthood couples from China, was recruited (Mage = 21.40, SD = 2.54; 50% female, 62.6% reporting that this relationship was ongoing for more than a year). Attachment anxiety significantly predicted relational aggression in both partners, with male attachment anxiety also significantly predicted female relational aggression. Significant indirect effects of both partners' relational aggression perpetration and victimization on their own and each other's relationship between attachment anxiety and depressive symptoms. These findings contribute to understanding the intricate dynamics of attachment anxiety and relational aggression in romantic relationships during emerging adulthood, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to mitigate these risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the mechanisms of development of aggression have been focused on day by day, the complicated effects of distal and proximal factors on the development of social aggression in emerging adults have not been uncovered. A serial cascade model of aggression was proposed to address this issue. A longitudinal investigation over 2.5 years was conducted to test this model by exploring the serial cascade effects of relative deprivation (a representative of distal factors) and anger rumination (a representative of proximal factors) on the development of social aggression. A total of 1113 Chinese university students (Mage = 18.95 ± 0.96, 63.10% female) from six universities in five areas participated in this study. The results suggest that developmental trajectories and longitudinal changes in anger rumination mediate the relationship between developmental trajectories and longitudinal changes in relative deprivation and social aggression, and developmental trajectories and changes in relative deprivation mediate the longitudinal relationship between anger rumination and social aggression. These findings support the serial cascade effects of distal and proximal factors on the development of aggression and expand upon the general aggression model (GAM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After challenging models of human nature and psychological science, a series of interrogations are proposed that aid in improving the practice of theorizing in psychology, specifically in regard to the topic of race. The program of autoepistemology is defined as the study of how "my" knowledge is connected with histories, cultures and societies as well as with the academic communities in which "I" participate, and with "my" personal cognitive, affective and motivational preferences and experiences. Autoepistemology includes reflections about the relationship between psychological knowledge on race, on the one hand, and intellectual and cultural traditions, horizons, and practices, on the other hand. It is argued that theorizing on race is strengthened when addressing equity, diversity and inclusion (EDI) as epistemic categories in all contexts of the research process. Epistemic EDI, which includes an interrogation of power, together with institutional and educational EDI, has the potential to dismantle racism in psychology. An approach to theorizing about human groups that avoids the pitfalls of White epistemologies is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Suicide is a major public health issue that increases the risk of suicide for those bereaved by suicide themselves. There is a lack of evaluation of the effectiveness and acceptability of suicide postvention services supporting those bereaved by suicide. Aims: This review aimed to assess evaluations of postvention services supporting those bereaved by suicide and the acceptability of methods of postvention. Methods: Searches of peer-reviewed literature identified 36 studies for inclusion. 22 studies evaluated specific postvention services, 14 evaluated models of postvention. Results: Using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool, mixed-methods and qualitative postvention evaluation and acceptability research produce high-quality studies. Studies rated as low quality reflect poor reporting, rather than ineffective services. Conclusion: Further evaluation of community-based postvention services within the UK is needed. This would evidence that services in the UK are effective in supporting those bereaved by suicide. Evaluation would benefit services in accessing funding, improve service development and provide holistic support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and transgender individuals (LGBT) are at high risk for suicide. This study aimed to examine an integrative psychological model of risk factors among LGBT individuals and explore the psychological pathways connecting social stigma, mental pain, and interpersonal characteristics to suicidal ideation and behavior (SIB) in this population. LGBT adults (N = 473) responded to an online questionnaire about stigma, mental pain, interpersonal characteristics, as well as suicidal ideation and behaviors. We found group differences between LGBT respondents in the study variables: Transgender people reported the highest levels of SIB and depression, closely followed by bisexuals. The association between stigma-related variables and SIB was mediated by depression, entrapment, and perceived burdensomeness. These results highlight the role of entrapment and burdensomeness in facilitating suicide risk among LGBT adults, as they may increase the damaging effect of negative societal stigma against LGBTs and thus, elevate the suicide risk in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social workers worldwide experience high rates of depression, anxiety and deficits in well-being. Depression, anxiety or poor mental well-being can have a significant effect on the individual social worker, and the quality of care they can provide. There have been limited attempts to examine and understand the underlying psychological protective and risk factors for depression, anxiety and poor well-being amongst social workers. Using the clinically modified Buddhist psychological model (CBPM) as a theoretical framework, this cross-sectional study examined a range of potential psychological protective and risk factors for depression, anxiety and mental well-being of 121 social workers in Northern Ireland, using structural equation modelling, and conditional process analyses. Mindfulness, acceptance, attention regulation/decentering skills, self-compassion, non-attachment and non-aversion could act as protective factors against depression, anxiety and poor mental well-being in social workers. Results also indicate that each of these variables could reduce the extent to which social workers worry and ruminate, further reducing the risk that social workers might experience depression, anxiety, or poor mental well-being. This study offers promising preliminary evidence that the CBPM is a useful explanatory framework which helps to explain variation in depression, anxiety and mental well-being amongst social workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lung cancer, one of the most prevalent and deadly malignancies worldwide, not only poses a significant physical burden but also a profound psychological challenge to patients. Among these psychological challenges, the fear of recurrence stands out as a particularly distressing issue. This fear, often rooted in the patients' past experiences with the disease and its treatment, can significantly impact their quality of life, mental health, and even compliance with follow-up care. Moreover, this fear can be exacerbated by the lack of understanding and support from healthcare professionals and family members, further isolating patients and compounding their psychological burden. Therefore, understanding and addressing the fear of recurrence in lung cancer patients is crucial for improving their overall well-being and outcomes. Aims: This study aims to develop a symptom network model for fear of recurrence in early-stage lung cancer patients, analyzing symptom correlations to enhance healthcare providers' understanding and management of these symptoms, thereby improving patient outcomes and quality of life. Design: A cross-sectional study design was used. Method: We employed convenience sampling to recruit 551 lung cancer patients from the Thoracic Surgery Department of a tertiary hospital in Beijing between January 2023 and December 2023. A cross-sectional study was conducted using the General Information Questionnaire, Fear of Disease Progression Scale, and Level of Hope Scale. Network analysis was performed with JASP 0.18.3.0 using the EBICglasso method, and centrality metrics including Betweenness, Closeness, Degree centrality, and Expected influence were calculated. Results: Symptom network analysis identified fear of family impact and future work disruption as central to recurrence fear in these patients. Gender-based analysis revealed 'fear of being unable to continue work' as central in males, while 'fear of affecting family members' was central in females. Among adolescents, concerns about future work, medication side effects, and family impact showed the highest expected influence. In contrast, older patients predominantly feared major treatment implications. One-way ANOVA indicated that older age correlated with reduced recurrence fear, and higher hope levels significantly mitigated this fear. Conclusion: This study broadens understanding of fear of recurrence across demographic variables like gender and age, elucidating symptom interrelations and impacts. Future strategies should focus on patient-specific differences in recurrence fear to formulate targeted interventions. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Through in-depth analysis of the symptom network, healthcare professionals can more comprehensively understand the psychological responses of lung cancer patients when they face the risk of recurrence, and then formulate more precise and personalized treatment plans. At the same time, doctors and nurses can adjust treatment strategies in a timely manner according to the changes in the patient's symptom network and provide more comprehensive psychological support, thus enhancing the patient's treatment adherence and outcome. Patient Contribution: People who were invited to participate voluntarily completed a range of questionnaires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inattention plays a critical role in the accuracy of threshold measurements, e.g., when using mobile devices. To describe the influence of distraction, long- and short-term inattention models based on either a stationary or a non-stationary psychometric function were developed and used to generate three simulated listeners: fully-, moderately-, and non-concentrated listeners. Six established adaptive procedures were assessed via Monte-Carlo simulations in combination with the inattention models and compared with a newly proposed method: the graded response bracketing procedure (GRaBr). Robustness was examined by bias and root mean square error between the "true" and estimated thresholds while efficiency was evaluated using rates of convergence and a normalized efficiency index. The findings show that inattention has a detrimental impact on adaptive procedure performance—especially for the short-term inattentive listener—and that several model-based procedures relying on a consistent response behavior of the listener are prone to errors owing to inattention. The model-free procedure GRaBr, on the other hand, is considerably robust and efficient in spite of the (assumed) inattention. As a result, adaptive techniques with desired properties (i.e., high robustness and efficiency) as revealed in our simulations—such as GRaBr—appear to be advantageous for mobile devices or in laboratory tests with untrained subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Network models hold much promise for use in the form of personalized feedback, which the TheraNet Project aims to investigate. In the present study, we share therapists' first reactions to patient network models based on ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data. Method: Therapists (N = 24) were taught to interpret the network models based on their patient's data. They were provided with concrete use suggestions at the end of the workshop. The workshops were analysed using descriptive qualitative content analysis. The resulting codes were then grouped thematically. Results: Therapists spoke about using the networks for "case conceptualization", "therapy planning", and "psychoeducation", but also commented on the "study design". Before the concrete suggestions, therapists most frequently voiced thoughts on its uses for "case conceptualization". After the suggestions, "psychoeducation" was mentioned most frequently. Conclusions: Therapists intuitively connected network models to case conceptualizations. Once concrete suggestions were provided, therapists more frequently discussed networks as psychoeducative tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate the effectiveness of treatments approaches in reducing the risk of reoffending in stalking perpetrators. Design: A systematic search was conducted on Medline/Pubmed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus. Setting: The United States, United Kingdom, The Netherlands, and Italy. Participants: The analysis included 661 patients with stalking behaviour, 14 (2.1%) of whom were female. Treatments: The evaluated treatments encompassed Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Cognitive Analytic Therapy (CAT), Cognitive–Behavioral Anger Management Intervention, and the Duluth Model as comparison conditions. When pharmacotherapy was present, this, always associated with psychotherapy, was usually based on antipsychotics and mood stabilizers. Results: We identified 35 studies from 3141 studies and 10 were included in the systematic review. Psychotherapeutic approaches proved to be effective in reducing recidivism rate, independently from the psychological model employed. Conclusions: Psychological treatments seem to be effective in reducing stalking recidivism, despite further studies are warranted to better elucidate the most effective approaches to deal with this group of offenders, given the severe social repercussions associated with this phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Models of decision-making typically assume the existence of some common currency of value, such as utility, happiness, or inclusive fitness. This common currency is taken to allow comparison of options and to underpin everyday choice. Here we suggest instead that there is no universal value scale, that incommensurable values pervade everyday choice, and hence that most existing models of decision-making in both economics and psychology are fundamentally limited. We propose that choice objects can be compared only with reference to specific but nonuniversal "covering values." These covering values may reflect decision-makers' goals, motivations, or current states. A complete model of choice must accommodate the range of possible covering values. We show that abandoning the common-currency assumption in models of judgment and decision-making necessitates rank-based and "simple heuristics" models that contrast radically with conventional utility-based approaches. We note that if there is no universal value scale, then Arrow's impossibility theorem places severe bounds on the rationality of individual decision-making and hence that there is a deep link between the incommensurability of value, inconsistencies in human decision-making, and rank-based coding of value. More generally, incommensurability raises the question of whether it will ever be possible to develop single-quantity-maximizing models of decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past decade, various recommendations have been published to enhance the methodological rigor and publication standards in psychological science. However, adhering to these recommendations may have limited impact on the reproducibility of causal effects as long as psychological phenomena continue to be viewed as decomposable into separate and additive statistical structures of causal relationships. In this article, we show that (a) psychological phenomena are patterns emerging from nondecomposable and nonisolable complex processes that obey idiosyncratic nonlinear dynamics, (b) these processual features jeopardize the chances of standard reproducibility of statistical results, and (c) these features call on researchers to reconsider what can and should be reproduced, that is, the psychological processes per se, and the signatures of their complexity and dynamics. Accordingly, we argue for a greater consideration of process causality of psychological phenomena reflected by key properties of complex dynamical systems (CDSs). This implies developing and testing formal models of psychological dynamics, which can be implemented by computer simulation. The scope of the CDS paradigm and its convergences with other paradigms are discussed regarding the reproducibility issue. Ironically, the CDS approach could account for both reproducibility and nonreproducibility of the statistical effects usually sought in mainstream psychological science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Risk perception with respect to death is a prerequisite for patients with advanced cancer when the time comes to make medical decisions. However, the nature of death risk perception remains unclear. Method: In-depth interviews were conducted with 28 patients with advanced cancer who were recruited from two hospitals and one home-based hospice in Fujian, China. Interviews were transcribed and directed content analysis applied. The Tripartite Model of Risk Perception was used as a theoretical framework. Results: Patients with advanced cancer perceived their risk of death in different ways. Professional communication about death risk and data-driven risk perception were common in clinical settings. Affective influences, inherent cognition, and comparisons to others or oneself also contributed to the subjects' self-perceived death risk. Conclusion: This theory-informed qualitative study clarifies the nature of the perceived risk of death among patients with advanced cancer. The study findings offer healthcare providers a more nuanced understanding of the perceived risk of death among patients with advanced cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Young adult family caregivers (age 18–34) are increasingly providing care to their older family members with chronic, disabling, or other serious health conditions. Little is known on young adult family caregivers and their resilience in the context of family interaction and resources. Utilizing the 2015 National Study of Caregiving (NOSC) data, the aim of this study is to examine the correlation of caregiver strain, with the three elements of Family Resilience model: beliefs, family organizational patterns, and communication processes. The results of the study found that two parameters of NOSC in particular were associated with less caregiver strain: completed trainings and enjoying being with the care recipient. In addition, the parameter "feeling lonely," defined as having a few friends was found significantly associated with higher caregiver strain. The results demonstrated the importance of understanding the unique resilience factors and tailored interventions for young adult family caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigating the structure and etiology of temperament is key to understanding how children interact with the world (Kagan, 1994). Although these topics have yielded an abundance of research, fewer studies have employed observational data during middle childhood, when unique environmental challenges could influence temperament development. To address this gap, Israeli twin children were observed at Age 6.5 (N = 1,083, 564 families; 50.6% females) and again at Age 8–9 (N = 768, 388 families; 52.0% females; 611 children from 322 families had data from both ages). Temperament was assessed globally by trained coders and, at Age 8–9, also by the experimenter who interacted with the child. We examined whether Rothbart et al.'s (2000) three-factor model, according to which temperament includes the domains negative affect, positive affect/surgency, and effortful control, emerges from the data. In addition, we considered a bifactor model, where a fourth global factor accounts for all behaviors' commonality. Across the two ages and rating methods, confirmatory factor analyses supported the bifactor model. The global factor's loadings suggested that it reflects children's expressiveness. Adding this factor changed the associations between the other factors and enabled differentiation between surgency and positive affect. This suggests that in observational settings that capture temperament impressions holistically, children's expressiveness affects other traits' behavioral displays. Twin models revealed genetic influences for most traits. Importantly, twin models revealed shared-environmental influences for negative affect and expressiveness, which modestly contributed to temperament consistency across ages. These findings shed light on temperament traits' interrelatedness and stress the importance of the shared environment to temperament development during middle childhood. Public Significance Statement: Using a longitudinal genetically informed cohort of twin children, this study offers that during middle childhood, children's expressiveness acts as an overarching temperament trait, which affects the behavioral displays of other temperament traits when observed by others. It also reveals that some observed temperament traits are influenced not only by genetics and nonshared environment (as often found in questionnaire data) but also by the shared-environment, which contributes to temperament consistency across ages. Understanding how children's observed temperament develops and is manifested may help understand how children interact with others and are viewed by others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Research on the experience of performance anxiety (PA) in musicians is often explored through the use of the term music performance anxiety (MPA). Current diagnostic classifications include PA as a specifier for social anxiety disorder (SAD). This inclusion aims to acknowledge a distinct group of individuals who demonstrate the same cluster of symptoms as SAD but in a performance specific context. This present review aims to examine and sythesise these distinct literatures from a cognitive-behavioural perspective. Method: Relevant literature from the cognitive-behavioural perspective of SAD and MPA were identified, compared, and critically reviewed. Results: Despite a continued focus in the field of clinical psychology on developing diagnostic tools, disorder-specific models, and gold standard treatments for SAD, these advancements are not widely employed when understanding and managing debilitating PA in musicians. This review considers that research investigating debilitating PA in musicians could be examined as a context-specific form of SAD, informed by well-established cognitive-behavioural models and assessment tools, which can aid the development of standardised treatment protocols. Conclusions: Cognitive-behavioural models of SAD could aid in our understanding of PA in musicians, especially when considering treatment targets. Limitations for the model's application are also discussed, recognising the complex nature and research already conducted on MPA. Key Points: What do we already know about this topic: The experience of performance anxiety (PA) in musicians is often referred to using the term music performance anxiety (MPA). Research on social anxiety disorder (SAD) continues to evolve, with the development of cognitive-behavioural models that aid in treatment and conceptualisation. A performance-only specifier has been included in the DSM-5-TR as a specifier for SAD, whilst the term MPA continues to be used when exploring the experience of PA in musicians. What does this topic add: Established cognitive-behavioural models could support our understanding of the development and maintance of PA in musicians. Key models for MPA incorporate components of available cognitive models of SAD, demonstrating shared constructs which may aid in the development of context-specific cognitive-behavioural interventions. Given the development of a performance-only specifier for SAD in DSM-5-TR, the term performance anxiety (PA) may offer a simpler term to characterise the experience of debilitating anxiety surrounding the fear of evaluation despite available skills. Future research is needed support the integration of PA research across fields (i.e. sport, public speaking). This will not negate the complexities of individual performers experiences, rather provide clarity on the shared fear of negative evaluation underlying experienced PA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Parallel process modeling (PPM) can be used to analyze co-occurring relationships between health and psychological variables over time. A demonstration is provided using data obtained from the British Household Panel Survey (years 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008), examining predictors of ongoing changes in their distress and life satisfaction of a subsample from the survey. Research Method: In the 2005 survey, data were available from 7,970 participants based on the following demographic variables: gender, age, ever registered as disabled, and ever experienced any strokes (before or at 2005). Time-varying variables included distress and life satisfaction collected yearly from 2005 to 2008. Time-invariant variables included age (65 or older), gender, disability condition, and stroke survivor status. Results: Steps of fitting the PPM are presented. Four distinct distress trajectory groups—chronic, recovery, delayed, and resilient—were identified from the PPM estimates. Resilient and recovery groups showed a positive trend in life satisfaction. The delayed distress and chronic groups had a slight decrease in satisfaction. The time-invariant covariates only significantly predicted baseline levels of distress and satisfaction (i.e., their intercepts). Conclusions: PPM is a relatively simple and powerful tool for simultaneously studying relations between multiple processes. A step-by-step approach on decomposing the significant predictive relation from the change of distress to the change of satisfaction is presented. Properly decomposing any significant growth factor regressed on another growth factor is necessary to fully comprehend the intricate relationships within the results. Practical implications and additional methodological information about fitting PPM are discussed. Impact and Implications: Parallel process modeling (PPM) can be used to analyze several time-varying variables over time and model (predict) their co-occurring relationships from one process to another. Rehabilitation psychology research often encounters clinical, methodological, and theoretical complications (e.g., expected relationships with multiple time-varying variables, missing data, varying measurement occasions) that may be circumvented with PPM, as illustrated in this article. We emphasize the importance of properly decomposing the predictive relation between processes (e.g., the growth factor of one process significantly regressed on the growth factors of another process) and offer a step-by-step demonstration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why do some perceive a partner's response as heartening while others interpret the same response as demoralizing? This study examined how attachment anxiety and avoidance influence perceived partner responses toward capitalization attempts (PRCA) and perceived mattering (PM) among married couples (N = 103 dyads). Dyadic analyses delineating the actor and partner effects revealed that wives' attachment avoidance predicted own PRCA, PM, and their husbands' PRCA. Whereas husbands' attachment avoidance predicted own PM and their wives' PRCA and PM, husbands' attachment anxiety predicted only their PRCA and PM. The interaction between wife and husband attachment anxiety also predicted the husbands' PRCA and PM. Husbands, but not wives, perceived the lowest level of PRCA and PM when both couples had high attachment anxiety. The results were discussed in the context of the interplay between attachment orientations and partner responsiveness in Turkish culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have focused more on the facilitating effect of nature exposure on positive behavioural consequences. However, less attention has been paid to whether nature exposure can inhibit internalized problem behaviours, such as Internet addiction. Within the framework of the stimuli‐organism‐response theory, the present study examined the relationship between nature exposure and Internet addiction and investigated the mediating roles of anthropomorphism of nature and awe. In China, we recruited 1469 adolescents (mean age = 13.90 years old, SD = 0.59, 53.2% girls). Mediation analyses indicated that awe partially mediated the relationship between nature exposure and adolescents' Internet addiction. The anthropomorphism of nature and awe served as sequential mediating roles in the relationship between nature exposure and adolescents' Internet addiction. This study provides a nature‐based perspective on the prevention and intervention of adolescents' Internet addiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Maudsley Model of Anorexia nervosa (AN) Treatment for Adults (MANTRA) is recommended by NICE for the treatment of adults with AN. However, despite this fact, the approach remains relatively understudied. The aim of this study was to systematically update the research evidence regarding the use of the MANTRA in the treatment of Eating Disorders (ED). Method: The databases used were Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycInfo, including studies up to 31 May 2023. PRISMA guidelines were followed, and Cochrane tools were used to assess the risk of bias. The search focused on identifying published articles that discussed the usefulness of MANTRA as a component of treatment for ED, following PICO criteria. Results: Nine studies spanning the period from 2011 to 2023 were included. Findings suggested that MANTRA was effective in improving body mass index (BMI), eating symptomatology and emotional state. There were generally no significant differences compared to other treatment conditions. Limitations to interpreting this systematic review include the methodological quality of included studies and the elevated risk of bias. Conclusions: This review was the first to examine the effectiveness of MANTRA. The results indicate that MANTRA has shown effectiveness similar to other treatments for adults AN patients in addressing key clinical variables. It has been used in different populations (adolescents, males, inpatients) and formats (group, online) However, more research is needed to determine its effectiveness. Highlights: This systematic review is based on a rigorous methodology, following the recommendations of the PRISMA and PICOS guide to guarantee its rigour. It adopts a critical and up‐to‐date perspective to analyse the extensive number of studies that provide evidence on this programme.MANTRA appears to be as effective as CBT and SSCM for anorexia nervosa, showing favourable results in body mass index (BMI), eating disorder symptomatology and emotional state. More research is needed to establish its effectiveness in addressing the interpersonal and cognitive factors for which it was also designed.The adaptability of MANTRA is highlighted. It has been used in adolescent population, in group and online format, with inpatients and in males. However, more research is needed to determine its effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this research was to test an extension of the incentive motivation model of alcohol by examining effects of personality traits on drinking motives and contexts, as mediated by social isolation. Methods: Participants were 1269 adults who resided in the United States (n = 618) or United Kingdom (n = 651) and completed an online questionnaire measuring the traits of negative emotionality and resilience, along with social isolation, drinking motives (coping, social) and drinking contexts (alone, at a party, at a bar/club). Six months later, 70% of the participants returned to complete a similar online questionnaire. Results: Path analysis was used to test the hypothesized models and revealed that negative emotionality had a prospective indirect effect on drinking to cope and drinking alone through increased social isolation over the 6-month period of observation. In contrast, the trait of resilience had a prospective indirect effect on reductions in the drinking to cope motive and reductions in drinking alone, through decreased social isolation. Conclusion: The findings suggest that personality traits that contribute to social isolation may be risk factors for dysfunctional drinking motives and contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kübler-Ross's five-stage model of death and dying—denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance—is one of the most popular theoretical models to come out of the 20th century. How did an obscure theory of the dying process come to dominate our understanding of emotional processes altogether? Building on previous work in the sociology of knowledge, I analyze the diffusion and institutionalization of Kübler-Ross's five-stage model in scientific and journalistic fields. Specifically, I analyze all 3216 citations of Kübler-Ross in the New York Times and the Web of Science database using qualitative and quantitative text analysis. I demonstrate how early scientific interest and commercial promotion led to adoption in popular culture, and document how the five-stage model expanded to cover everything from rent prices to COVID-19. I also argue that renewed interest in Kübler-Ross's work may signal contemporary attempts to mine the tradition for meaningful understandings of death and dying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by affective, interpersonal, and identity instability, as well as marked impulsivity. There is evidence that BPD may be best operationalized dimensionally using models such as the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) described in Section III of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM). Moreover, biosocial theory is a well‐known etiological theory of BPD emphasizing emotion dysregulation, inherited impulsivity, and development within invalidating contexts as key etiological mechanisms. Given that current research and clinical efforts for BPD are informed by both nosology and etiology, this narrative review examined how well biosocial theory (a) aligns with AMPD conceptualizations, (b) accounts for psychiatric comorbidity, and (c) accounts for heterogeneity in BPD presentation. Findings suggested that tenets of biosocial theory align well with Criteria A and B of the AMPD; however, biosocial theory focuses narrowly on roles of emotion dysregulation, impulsivity, and invalidating contexts, and empirical support is lacking in some ways for several etiological explanations proposed by biosocial theory. Additionally, although biosocial theory captures empirically supported features of BPD and emphasizes high‐risk subgroups, the theory may not account for lower‐risk subgroups. Finally, the theory accounts for diagnostic co‐occurrence via the central role of emotion dysregulation, but biosocial theory may not be specific to BPD and may broadly apply to a range of psychopathology. Based on the literature reviewed, implications for future research and clinical efforts are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personality traits and personality disorders are related to ADHD and indicate dysfunction in clinical populations. The goals of this study were to examine how the DSM‐5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorder (AMPD) a) indicates the presence of ADHD and b) communicates information about dysfunction over and above ADHD diagnosis. A sample of 330 adult psychiatric patients with and without ADHD (60% female; mean age 33 years) were assessed for ADHD symptoms, personality impairment, maladaptive personality traits, and functional life impairment domains. The maladaptive personality domain Disinhibition and particularly the lower order facet of Distractibility distinguished between individuals with psychiatric difficulties with and without ADHD. Distractibility is strongly related to the ADHD symptom dimension Inattentiveness, and Antagonism to Hyperactivity/impulsivity. General personality impairment augmented ADHD diagnosis in predicting life impairments. The AMPD has utility in ADHD assessments for diagnosis and prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Hypothesis The Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes (SIPS) and other assessments of psychosis risk define clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) by the presence of attenuated psychotic symptoms. Despite extensive research on attenuated psychotic symptoms, substantial questions remain about their internal psychometric structure and relationships to comorbid non-psychotic symptoms. Study Design Hierarchical and bifactor models were developed for the SIPS in a large CHR sample (NAPLS-3, N  = 787) and confirmed through preregistered replication in an independent sample (NAPLS-2, N  = 1043). Criterion validity was tested through relationships with CHR status, comorbid symptoms/diagnoses, functional impairment, demographics, neurocognition, and conversion to psychotic disorders. Study Results Most variance in SIPS items (75%–77%) was attributable to a general factor. Hierarchical and bifactor models included a general factor and five specific/lower-order factors (positive symptoms, eccentricity, avolition, lack of emotion, and deteriorated thought process). CHR participants were elevated on the general factor and the positive symptoms factor. The general factor was associated with depressive symptoms; functional impairment; and mood, anxiety, and schizotypal personality diagnoses. The general factor was the best predictor of psychotic disorders (d  ≥ 0.50). Positive symptoms and eccentricity had specific effects on conversion outcomes. The deteriorated thought process was least meaningful/replicable. Conclusions Attenuated psychotic symptoms, measured by the SIPS, have a complex hierarchical structure with a strong general factor. The general factor relates to internalizing symptoms and functional impairment, emphasizing the roles of general psychopathological distress/impairment in psychosis risk. Shared symptom variance complicates the interpretation of raw symptom scores. Broad transdiagnostic assessment is warranted to model psychosis risk accurately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]