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1. Breakfast Choices Influence Brainwave Activity: Single Case Study of a 12-year-old Female

Author

Gerald P. Kozlowski, Ronald J. Swatzyna, Alexandra J. Roark, Erin K. MacInerney, and Bianca C. Gonzalez

Subjects
High carbohydrate, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, food and beverages, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Cognition, Single-subject design, Affect (psychology), Quantitative eeg, Developmental psychology, Psychiatry and Mental health, Behavioral Neuroscience, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Physiology (medical), medicine, Anxiety, Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Biological Psychiatry, Applied Psychology, Brain function
Abstract

Research into the benefits of children eating breakfast has previously focused on educational and cognitive performance as well as behavior. Few nutritional investigations have utilized brain imaging technology in order to examine how breakfast influences brain function. This single case study used quantitative EEG (qEEG) in order to assess how three different breakfast choices affect a 12-year-old female’s brainwave activity. The three different breakfast conditions included no - breakfast, a high sugar/high carbohydrate breakfast , and a nutritionally balanced breakfast. The findings indicated that skipping breakfast significantly increased high beta activity associated with anxiety and focus issues. Eating a high sugar/high carbohydrate breakfast was also associated with increased high beta activity, but less significant than the no-breakfast option. Most importantly eating a nutritionally balanced breakfast was found to normalize the qEEG. The variation in high beta activity in the different breakfast options suggested that eating a nutritionally balanced breakfast may reduce anxiety and increase focus compared to skipping breakfast. These results may help explain why previous research has found cognitive, academic, and behavioral improvements when children consume breakfast. Furthermore, the qEEG should be considered in future nutritional studies as a measurement of brain function.

Published
2017
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2. The Utility of EEG in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Replication Study

Author

Jay D. Tarnow, Ronald J. Swatzyna, Alexandra J. Roark, and Jacob Mardick

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, medicine.medical_treatment, Population, Comorbidity, Audiology, Electroencephalography, Sensitivity and Specificity, Brain mapping, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Hyperventilation, medicine, Humans, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Longitudinal Studies, Child, education, Psychiatry, Observer Variation, education.field_of_study, medicine.diagnostic_test, Incidence, Reproducibility of Results, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Texas, 030227 psychiatry, Stimulant, Neurology, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

The routine use of stimulants in pediatrics has increased dramatically over the past 3 decades and the long-term consequences have yet to be fully studied. Since 1978 there have been 7 articles identifying electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities, particularly epileptiform discharges in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Many have studied the prevalence of these discharges in this population with varying results. An article published in 2011 suggests that EEG technology should be considered prior to prescribing stimulants to children diagnosed with ADHD due to a high prevalence of epileptiform discharges. The 2011 study found a higher prevalence (26%) of epileptiform discharges when using 23-hour and sleep-deprived EEGs in comparison with other methods of activation (hyperventilation or photostimulation) and conventional EEG. We sought to replicate the 2011 results using conventional EEG with the added qEEG technologies of automatic spike detection and low-resolution electromagnetic tomography analysis (LORETA) brain mapping. Our results showed 32% prevalence of epileptiform discharges, which suggests that an EEG should be considered prior to prescribing stimulant medications.

Published
2016
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3. Integration of EEG Into Psychiatric Practice: A Step Toward Precision Medicine for Autism Spectrum Disorder

Author

Alexandra J. Roark, Ronald J. Swatzyna, Erin K. MacInerney, Robert P. Turner, Jay D. Tarnow, and Gerald P. Kozlowski

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Physiology, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Comorbidity, Electroencephalography, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Age groups, Physiology (medical), mental disorders, medicine, Humans, Young adult, Precision Medicine, Psychiatry, Child, Epilepsy, medicine.diagnostic_test, Healthy population, Significant difference, Precision medicine, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, Neurology, Autism spectrum disorder, Child, Preschool, Female, Neurology (clinical), Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Introduction Data from an EEG is not commonly used by psychiatrists to plan treatment and medication. However, EEG abnormalities such as isolated epileptiform discharges are found to be more prevalent in psychiatric patients, particularly those diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Most medications prescribed for ASD lower seizure threshold and increase side effects. Therefore, it may be prudent to order an EEG for ASD cases, especially those categorized as refractory. Methods The data set was obtained from a multidisciplinary practice that treats a wide variety of neuroatypical children and adolescent refractory patients. This study investigated 140 nonepileptic subjects diagnosed with ASD, aged 4 to 25 years. Visual inspection of the EEG was performed to search for paroxysmal, focal, or lateralizing patterns. Results Of the 140 subjects, the EEG data identified 36% with isolated epileptiform discharges. The χ analysis found no significant difference between genders among the three age groups. Findings indicated a high prevalence of isolated epileptiform discharges among individuals with ASD. Conclusions Our results find that compared with the healthy population, a large number of patients with ASD have isolated epileptiform discharges despite never having a seizure. Our findings support the use of EEG in children, adolescents, and young adults with ASD, regardless of gender or age. This is particularly true for those who exhibit aggressive behaviors or those who have failed previous medication attempts with stimulants, antidepressants, and/or antipsychotics.

Published
2016

4. 19th biennial IPEG Meeting

Author

Sonja Simpraga, Rosanna Tortelli, Jill C. Richardson, Bernhard Mueller, Berrie J.L. Gerrits, Marieke Jepma, Silvia Armenise, Martin F.J. Perescis, Inga Griskova-Bulanova, C. Wintmolders, Haitham S. Mohammed, J. Leon Kenemans, Matteo Demuru, Paolo Ranzi, Jakub Korcak, J. A. Kemp, Georg Gruber, T. A. Iseger, N. Marzano, Giuseppe Bertini, Caitlyn Kruiper, Anke Sambeth, Ronald J. Swatzyna, Iris Schutte, Robert A. Comley, Frans C. T. van der Helm, Juergen Dukart, Robin L. Carhart-Harris, Flavio Nobili, Martin Brunovsky, Maria Vasileva, José Carlos Millán-Calenti, Kelly Holt, Jan A. Freund, S. Deepeshwar, Alexandra Kirsten, Yasser A. Khadrawy, Daniel Brandeis, Martin Bareš, Roshan Cools, Eduardo Ekman Schenberg, Sigita Melynyte, Antonio Ivano Triggiani, Ashley Baddeley, Karlijn I. van Aerde, Gerhard Trube, Leonardo Jose Trejo, Stephane Nave, D. A. Jackson, Tomáš Páleníček, Raffaella Franciotti, A. E. Maqueda, Laura Bonanni, E. Saifutdinova, Rahul Chaudhary, Natasja de Bruin, Christoph Mulert, Gilles van Luijtelaar, Hans-Christian Pape, Jeannette Hofmeijer, Martin Brunovský, Marijtje L.A. Jongsma, L. Raeymaekers, Boris Ferger, Donna Palmer, Robert Aidelbaum, Nash N. Boutros, Hanneke E. M. den Ouden, Genevieve N. Izzo, Jessica I. Määttä, Lucilla Parnetti, Gerald P. Kozlowski, Arjan Hillebrand, C. Bouyssières, Philip L.C. van den Broek, David J. Nutt, Jay D. Tarnow, Vlastimil Koudelka, Paolo Maria Rossini, Anna-Lena Dohrmann, Peter Veselcic, Asbjørn Mohr Drewes, Antonio Giannini, Ole Jensen, Christiane M. Thiel, Grazia Buenza, Tomas Novak, Chris G. Kruse, Alexander Sumich, Gaetano Scianatico, Jan-Mathijs Schoffelen, V. Duveau, K. Tahon, Lana Donse, Vladimir Krajca, Pierre Payoux, Vaclava Sedlamyerova, Else A. Tolner, M. Arns, Jennifer Mollon, Michael Derks, Nazimah Hamid, Andrea Szabo, Loreto Gesualdo, Shelly M. Menolascino, M. A. Mañanas, Thorsten Mikoteit, D. Balschun, Mitchell Belgin, Giacomo Tattoli, Cestmir Vejmola, Bob Oranje, Barbora Kohutova, Giovanni B. Frisoni, Iris E. C. Sommer, Dylan Smith, Rosa van Mourik, Michel D. Ferrari, Christian Zöllner, Maria-Clemancia Hernandez, Nick Seneca, James Miller, Martijn Arns, Timothy K. Murphy, Giancarlo Logroscino, Annika Lüttjohann, Noreen Rahmani, Christopher Timmermann, Martien J H Kas, Grace Y. Wang, Klaus Linkenkaer-Hansen, F. Nobili, Tieme W. P. Janssen, R. Biermans, Fernando H. Lopes da Silva, Bernd Saletu, Brian A. Coffman, Ileana L. Hanganu-Opatz, Sian Lennon-Chrimes, Madelon A. Vollebregt, D. Moechars, Brittany Duncan, Joerg F. Hipp, Y. Roche, Valentina Cardinali, Neveen A. Noor, Christoph Wandel, S. Romero, Anna Bravermanová, J. Koprivova, Gerda M. Saletu-Zyhlarz, Nicola Walter Falasca, Marco Onofrj, Jaap Oosterlaan, J. L. Kenemans, J. Prasko, Jürgen Gallinat, C. Roucard, Vaclava Piorecka, Karsten Wicke, Jennifer C. Swart, Peterjan Ris, Heba S. Aboul Ezz, M Valle, Jesper F. Bastlund, Ivo Heitland, Paul B. Fitzgerald, Katleen Geladé, W. H. Drinkenburg, Lillian E. Fisher, Lars Eichler, J. Riba, Hélène Brisebois, Régis Bordet, Robert Leech, Roberta Lizio, Cornelis J. Stam, M. Avinash, N. K. Manjunath, Parissa Azadi, Raffaele Ferri, Cyril Höschl, Susanna Cordone, Sander Nieuwenhuis, Gregor Leicht, Alexandra J. Roark, Esben Bolvig Mark, Jakub Polak, Alexander T. Sack, Iris Eichler, Heidi Haavik, Athanasios Maras, Dirk J. Heslenfeld, Hans-Peter Landolt, A. Bottelbergs, Galina Surova, Ross Apparies, Lin Tiffany, Angelisa Frasca, Ida A. Nissen, Dario Arnaldi, Alessandro Bertolino, Wilhelmus Drinkenburg, Philip Scheltens, Cristina Bagnoli, Matthijs J.L. Perenboom, Dane M. Chetkovich, Thomas Budde, Annette Beatrix Brühl, Wilfried Dimpfel, Yuan Yang, Jonathan Kelley, Hervé Caci, Christoph Herrmann, Olivier Blin, Robert P. Turner, Georg Dorffner, Michaela Viktorinova, Igor Timofeev, Stephanie Thiebes, Dina Lelic, K. Van Kolen, P. F. Fabene, Frédéric Knoflach, S. Jacob, John Wallerius, Claudio Del Percio, Marina Bentivoglio, Mendel Kaelen, Peter Anderer, Imran Khan Niazi, Iman M. Mourad, S. Barker, Muhammad Samran Navid, Giuseppe Noce, Dean F. Salisbury, Huibert D. Mansvelder, Premysl Vlcek, Marek Adamczyk, Emmanouil Spanakis, Vitoantonio Bevilacqua, Orietta Barulli, Roy P. C. Kessels, Axel Steiger, Darren Bentley, Antonio Brunetti, Clementina M. van Rijn, Nikita van der Vinne, Evian Gordon, Nash Boutros, Lukáš Kadeřábek, Brendan Parsons, A. Ahnaou, Tilman Hensch, Christian Sander, Torsten Meyer, Barbora Cimrová, Marleen C. Tjepkema-Cloostermans, Molly Hyde, Robert Oostenveld, Liesbeth Heijink, Eléonore Czarik, Paolo F. Fabene, Jean-Paul Laurent, Stig Hollup, Leon Kenemans, Ana Buján, Vadim Ilivitsky, Danielle Impey, Alfred C. Schouten, Claudio Babiloni, M. Pawlowski, Ricardo Alvarez-Jimenez, Joop M. A. van Gerven, Filip Tylš, Jan van Egmond, Saskia Steinmann, Caroline Dupont, B. Mandé-Nidergang, Sebastian Olbrich, Geert Jan Groeneveld, H. Huysmans, Kastytis Dapsys, P. Sos, M. Raszka, C. Walsh, Justin Piché, Giovanni Frisoni, Silvia Parapatics, Annika Lütjohann, Simon-Shlomo Poil, Erin K. MacInerney, T. Nekovarova, Jana Nöldeke, Michel J.A.M. van Putten, Ilse E. C. W. van Straaten, Suresh D. Muthukumaraswamy, Mehrnoush Zobeiri, Magda Tsolaki, Ulrich Hegerl, Jaap C. Reijneveld, Patrizia Voehringer, N. V. Manyakov, Sandra K. Loo, Patrick Meuth, Bettina Clausen, Roman Rosipal, David Bartrés Faz, Nenad Polomac, Renata Androvicova, Pantaleo Spagnolo, Pilar Garcés, Andrea Soricelli, Amanda Feilding, R. Maury, Aleksandras Voicikas, Stjepan Curic, Verner Knott, Tabitha A. Iseger, Jiri Horacek, Susanna Lopez, Joelle Choueiry, Gianluigi Forloni, Andrew WThomas, Lyudmila V. Vinogradova, Alida A. Gouw, Sarah M. Haigh, and B. Pouyatos

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, 05 social sciences, Clinical Neurology, Neuropsychology, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Psychiatry and Mental health, 0302 clinical medicine, Physiology (medical), Family medicine, medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Published
2016
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