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13 results on '"Alberto Yorio"'

1. TRANSFERENCIA DE FUNCIONES SINTÁCTICAS ARTIFICIALES ENTRE ESTÍMULOS RELACIONADOS POR EQUIVALENCIA: UN ESTUDIO DE POTENCIALES CEREBRALES RELACIONADOS CON EVENTOS

Author

ANGEL TABULLO, ALBERTO YORIO, SILVANO ZANUTTO, and ALEJANDRO WAINSELBOIM

Subjects
Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract

La formación de clases de equivalencia entreestímulos ha sido propuesta en el campo del Aná-lisis Experimental del Comportamiento como unprerrequisito conductual para el lenguaje. Adi-cionalmente, existe evidencia de que la transfe-rencia de función entre estímulos equivalentespo dría explicar la adquisición de estructuras sin-tácticas simples. No obstante, la simplicidad delas funciones sintácticas estudiadas no capturó lacomplejidad combinatoria de la gramática natu-ral. Si la transferencia de funciones en clases deequivalencia es un modelo posible del desarrollode estructuras gramaticales, debería ser verifi-cado en contextos más válidos para el estudiodel lenguaje. Los objetivos del trabajo realizadofueron los siguientes: (1) analizar la transferenciade fun ciones sintácticas en clases de equivalenciaen un contexto válido para el estudio de la ad-quisición de reglas gramaticales, utilizando paraello el paradigma de gramáticas artificiales y (2)analizar los potenciales cerebrales relacionadoscon el procesamiento de esta transferencia defunción, en secuencias gramaticales y no grama-ticales. Se encontró evidencia comportamentalde transferencia de función en un subgrupo de lossujetos experimentales. El potencial P600, típi-camente asociado al costo de integración sintác-tica en contextos lingüísticos, fue observado enestos sujetos ante: violaciones gramaticales conestímulos originales de la gramática artificialysecuencias con estímulos relacionados por equi-valencia (gramaticales y no gramaticales). Se interpretó que el procesamiento de las secuencias artificiales implicó mecanismos neurobiológicos similares a los asociados a la sintaxis del lenguaje, y que el patrón de actividad P600 observado pue - de ser explicado por el aumento del costo de in- tegración de los estímulos al contexto previo.

Published
2015

2. El fenómeno de transferencia en gramáticas artificiales: efectos de la forma de entrenamiento Transference in artificial grammar: effects of training procedures

Author

Mariana Arismendi, Angel Tabullo, Sergio Vernis, Gerardo Primero, Leticia Fiorentini, Federico Sánchez, and Alberto Yorio

Subjects
Gramática Artificial, Lenguaje humano, Transferencia, Formas de entrenamiento, Artificial Grammar, Human language, Transference, Training procedures, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract

En este trabajo se utilizó una gramática artificial, consistente en una serie de reglas que especifican posibles órdenes de secuencias de letras, para evaluar la capacidad de transferencia de los sujetos, esto es la extracción de estas reglas y su aplicación a patrones de letras novedosas. Para ello 57 sujetos se asignaron aleatoriamente a dos formas de entrenamiento: una estándar donde debían memorizar y transcribir las secuencias correctas (gramaticales), y otra donde debían discriminar por ensayo y error entre secuencias correctas e incorrectas (no gramaticales) mediante un procedimiento de realimentación. Con esta forma de entrenamiento se obtuvieron desempeños significativamente mejores que con el procedimiento estándar. Se discuten los resultados en el contexto de la aplicación de las gramáticas artificiales como paradigma experimental para el estudio de los procesos subyacentes a la adquisición del lenguaje.In this work an artificial grammar has been used, which consists in a set of rules that specifies possible orders of strings of letters, to evaluate subjects ability to transfer the extracted rules and implement these to patterns of novel letters. 57 subjects were randomly assigned to two learning procedures: a standard one in which they had to memorize and transcribe the correct (grammatical) sequences, and one in which they had to discriminate between correct and incorrect (ungrammatical) sequences by use of a feedback procedure. Subjects trained with the feedback procedure had a significantly better performance than subjects trained with the standard one. These results are discussed in the context of the implementation of artificial grammar as an experimental paradigm for studying processes underlying language acquisition.

Published
2011

3. Potenciales cerebrales relacionados con categorización lógica en humanos: estudio descriptivo y planteos experimentales Brain potentiales associated with logic categorization in humans: descriptive study and experimental issues

Author

Angel Tabullo, Patricio Pérez Leguizamón, Federico Sánchez, Pablo Galeano, Enrique Segura, and Alberto Yorio

Subjects
Categorías, Clases de equivalencias, Emparejamiento con la muestra, Potenciales relacionados con eventos, Categories, Equivalence clases, Match to sample, Event related potentials, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract

El presente trabajo investiga desde un abordaje "biocomportamental" aspectos electroneurofisiológicos correlativos al aprendizaje de categorías lógicas en sujetos humanos sanos. Se empleó la técnica de potenciales relacionados a eventos (PREs) para registrar la actividad electrofisiológica de los sujetos durante la realización de una tarea de relaciones de equivalencia (Sidman, 1982). Como resultado, pudo observarse la siguiente sucesión temporal relacionada con los estímulos de comparación: un potencial visual temprano en la región occipital, luego un componente negativo en la región frontal y otro positivo tardío parietal. Finalmente, en sincronía con las respuestas, se obtuvo un componente negativo lateralizado en la región central. Se discute el significado funcional de los potenciales identificados, y se propone como planteo experimental examinar la correspondencia temporal de los distintos componentes PREs entre sí y con el tiempo de respuesta, como dispositivo experimental para el estudio de aspectos funcionales y estructurales del comportamiento complejo en humanos.The present work investigates electroneurophysiological aspects of logical category learning in healthy human subjects, from a biocomportamental standpoint. Event - related potentials method (ERPs) was used to measure subject's electric brain activity, while performing an equivalence relations task (Sidman, 1982). As a result, the following temporal succession was observed in association with the comparison stimuli: an early visual potential in the occipital region, then a negative potential in the frontal region and a late parietal positivity. Finally, a lateralized central negativity was observed, in synchrony with the subject's answers. The functional meaning of the observed ERPs is discussed, and it is proposed to examine the correspondence between different ERP components timing and reaction times, as an experimental device for the study of functional and structural aspects of complex behavior in humans.

Published
2007

4. Relaciones de equivalencia entre estímulos: competencia entre identidad-reflexividad y relaciones condicionales entrenadas Stimuli equivalence: competition between identity-reflexivity and trained conditional relations

Author

Florencia Urban, Angel Tabullo, Pablo Galeano, Jorge Brun, Claudia Marro, Enrique Segura, and Alberto Yorio

Subjects
Categorías, Equivalencia, Aprendizaje explícito, Aprendizaje implícito, Categories, Equivalence, Explicit learning, Implicit learning, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract

El propósito del trabajo fue comparar la relación de identidad entre estímulos con relaciones discriminativas no idénticas entrenadas. Se realizaron tareas de emparejamiento con la muestra, usando como estímulos de comparación: una figura idéntica a la de muestra, otra no idéntica, pero previamente reforzada durante el entrenamiento. Sujetos humanos adultos, sanos, participaron de dos experimentos de relaciones de equivalencia, en los que se midieron número de aciertos y tiempos de reacción. En los ensayos de competencia se consideraron, además, las proporciones de figuras seleccionadas por identidad o por entrenamiento, y el patrón de respuestas predominante. En un primer experimento, los ensayos de competencia se presentaron entremezclados con los ensayos de prueba de identidad - reflexividad, comprobándose preferencias en la respuesta por identidad. En un segundo experimento, los ensayos de competencia se presentaron luego del entrenamiento en un bloque aparte. Se comprobó preferencia en la respuesta por entrenamiento en los tiempos de reacción, y proporción similar de respuestas por identidad y por entrenamiento. Estos resultados se discuten desde la perspectiva del modelo de "Competencia entre Sistemas Verbal e Implícito" de Ashby & Maddox (1998).In this study we investigate the equivalence between identity and not-identity (but trained) discriminative relations: Match-to-sample tasks with competitive comparison figures (identical to the sample and not-identical but previously reinforced if selected in a training phase) were performed. Two protocols of training and test of equivalence relations were done by healthy adult human subjects in which the number of success responses and reaction times were recorded. Besides, In the competition tests the proportions of figures selected by identity or training and the frequencies of subjects were considered according to the predominant pattern of answers. In a first experiment, when the competition trials appeared intermingled with the of identity-reflexivity test trials, preferences to identity responses were verified. In a second experiment, when the competition trials appeared in a separate block after the training phase, preference in the answer for the trained relations were verified in reaction times, but and responses by identity were in similar proportions to the responses by the trained relations. These results are discussed in the perspective of the "Competition of Verbal and Implicit Systems" (COVIS) model.

Published
2006

5. El razonamiento analógico desde el modelo de la Teoría de los Marcos Relacionales

Author

Sandra Vanotti, Angel Javier Tabullo, Mariana Arismendi, Alberto Yorio, Leticia Fiorentini, and Gerardo Primero

Subjects
Analogical reasoning, Cognitive science, Alternative hypothesis, Perspective (graphical), Theoretical models, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Psychology, Empirical evidence, Relational frame theory, Social psychology, Field (computer science), Cognitive training, General Environmental Science
Abstract

El objetivo del presente trabajo es exponer una breve revisión del estudio del razonamiento analógico desde la Teoría de los Marcos Relacionales (TMR), considerando los modelos formulados hasta la actualidad y la exploración experimental. A su vez, se abordará el estudio del desarrollo del azonamiento analógico en la infancia, surgido en el marco de las controversias generadas por los distintos enfoques de la psicología. Se expondrán los hallazgos obtenidos utilizando métodos de imágenes cerebrales desde las ciencias cognitivas. Finalmente se comentarán las posibles aplicaciones de este paradigma. Los estudios revisados acerca del razonamiento analógico desde la TMR proveen relevante evidencia empírica, principalmente en el ámbito de la evaluación y sugieren ventajas de este paradigma en comparación con proximaciones cognitivistas. A su vez, se propone su implementación como instrumento de entrenamiento cognitivo. En conclusión, la TMR propone un modelo útil al estudio del razonamiento analógico desde la perspectiva del análisis del comportamiento.

Published
2012
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6. Expectancy modulates a late positive ERP in an artificial grammar task

Author

Guillermo Pasqualetti, Alejandro Javier Wainselboim, Yamila Sevilla, Enrique T. Segura, Sergio Vernis, Angel Javier Tabullo, Silvano Zanutto, and Alberto Yorio

Subjects
Adult, Male, Time Factors, Adolescent, Artificial grammar learning, media_common.quotation_subject, Affect (psychology), Task (project management), Young Adult, Mental Processes, Component (UML), Reaction Time, Humans, Evoked Potentials, Molecular Biology, Late positive component, media_common, Expectancy theory, Analysis of Variance, Brain Mapping, P600, Communication, Grammar, business.industry, General Neuroscience, Brain, Electroencephalography, Semantics, Female, Neurology (clinical), business, Psychology, Developmental Biology, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

A wide range of studies have found late positive ERP components in response to anomalies during processing of structured sequences. In language studies, this component is named Syntactic Positive Shift (SPS) or P600. It is characterized by an increase in potential peaking around 600 ms after the appearance of the syntactic anomaly and has a centroparietal topography. Similar late positive components were found more recently in non-linguistic contexts. These results have led to the hypothesis that these components index the detection of anomalies in rule-governed sequences, or the access to abstract rule representations, regardless of the nature of the stimuli. Additionally, there is evidence showing that the SPS/P600 is sensitive to probability manipulations, which affect the subjects’ expectancy of the stimuli. Our aim in the present work was to address the hypothesis that the late positive component is modulated by the subject's expectancy of the stimuli. To do so, we employed an artificial grammar learning task, and controlled the frequency of presentation to different kind of sequences during training. Results showed that certain sequence types elicited a late positive component which was modulated by different factors in two distinct time windows. In an earlier window, the component was higher for sequences which had a low or null probability of occurrence during training, while in a later window, the component was higher for incorrect than correct sequences. Furthermore, this late window effect was absent in those subjects whose performance was not significantly above chance. Two possible explanations for this effect are suggested.

Published
2011
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7. Event-related potential correlates of perceptual and functional categories: Comparison between stimuli matching by identity and equivalence

Author

Alejandro Javier Wainselboim, Angel Javier Tabullo, Pablo Barttfeld, Enrique T. Segura, and Alberto Yorio

Subjects
Adult, Stimulus equivalence, Time Factors, Matching to sample, Concordance, media_common.quotation_subject, Stimulus (physiology), Developmental psychology, Time windows, Event-related potential, Perception, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Reaction Time, Humans, Learning, media_common, Analysis of Variance, Brain Mapping, General Neuroscience, Electroencephalography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Behavioral data, Visual Perception, Evoked Potentials, Visual, Psychology, Photic Stimulation, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

Event-related potentials (ERPs) correlates of two test criteria of an abstract category task were dissociated. In a stimulus equivalence task, 10 subjects observed pairs of figures presented serially in three conditions: reflexivity (generalized identity), equivalence (arbitrary derived relations from a previous training), and unrelated pairs. They were instructed to decide whether the second item in a pair matched or mismatched the first one. Participants’ performance in reflexivity matching tests was faster and more accurate than in equivalence matching or mismatching responses. In the three conditions, an occipital P2, a frontal N2 and a parietal P3 ERP component were elicited. The earlier components P2 and N2 exhibited reflexivity matching effects, while the later component (P3) exhibited the only equivalence matching effect. In addition, the subtracted ERP components from unrelated minus identity and unrelated minus equivalence trials were computed within two time windows: 150–250 ms (dN300) and 350–450 ms (dN400). While both dN300 waves were not significantly different, the comparison of both dN400 waves showed statistical differences. Correlates of partially perceptual (but contextually abstract) concepts are elicited earlier than those of pure abstract concepts. These ERPs correlates of stimulus equivalence relation tests of semantic categories are in concordance with the behavioral data.

Published
2008
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8. An ERP comparison of derived relations in stimulus equivalence classes

Author

Alejandro Javier Wainselboim, Alberto Yorio, Silvano Zanutto, and Angel Javier Tabullo

Subjects
Stimulus equivalence, Communication, business.industry, General Neuroscience, EQUIVALENCE CLASSES, DERIVED STIMULUS RELATIONS, PRIMING, Psicología, CIENCIAS SOCIALES, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, N400, P300, Psychology, business, Priming (psychology), Cognitive psychology
Abstract

We conducted an ERP study of derived relations within stimulus equivalence classes. After successful training of baseline relations, subjects performed a priming task and their ERP responses to the following prime-target pairs were registered: (a) stimuli related through symmetry, (b) stimuli nonrelated through symmetry, (c) stimuli related through symmetry-transivity combined (equivalence), and (d) stimuli nonrelated through equivalence. A P300-like component was observed in related targets, which was earlier for symmetry and later for symmetry-transitivity, whereas an N400-like effect was found in nonequivalent stimuli. The P300 delay after equivalent stimuli was interpreted as evidence that relational strength within equivalence classes is inversely related to the number of logical operations required to link the stimuli. The N400 effect for nonequivalent stimuli was congruent with previous literature, and suggests a potential overlap between the neural correlates of priming in language and stimulus equivalence. Fil: Tabullo, Angel Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ciencias Humanas, Sociales y Ambientales; Argentina Fil: Yorio, Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo; Argentina Fil: Zanutto, Silvano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo; Argentina Fil: Wainselboim, Alejandro Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ciencias Humanas, Sociales y Ambientales; Argentina

Published
2015
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9. ERP correlates of priming in language and stimulus equivalence: evidence of similar N400 effects in absence of semantic content

Author

Angel Javier Tabullo, Alejandro Javier Wainselboim, Silvano Zanutto, and Alberto Yorio

Subjects
Stimulus equivalence, Adult, Male, SEMANTIC RELATION, genetic structures, LANGUAGE, Stimulus (physiology), Vocabulary, CIENCIAS SOCIALES, Young Adult, Physiology (medical), Reaction Time, Equivalence relation, Humans, N400, STIMULUS EQUIVALENCE, Evoked Potentials, Semantic relation, Language, Response priming, Communication, business.industry, General Neuroscience, Association Learning, Brain, PRIMING, Electroencephalography, Psicología, Associative learning, Semantics, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING, Female, business, Psychology, Priming (psychology), Photic Stimulation, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

Semantic priming has been widely observed at both behavioral and electrophysiological levels as reductions in response times and N400 magnitudes respectively. However, the possibility that stimulus relations derived from associative learning elicit N400 priming effects comparable to those found in language has not been properly addressed yet. Equivalence relations emerge after establishing a set of arbitrary and intra-experimentally defined relations through associative learning, thus allowing the study of derived stimulus relations in the absence of semantic content. The present study aimed to compare ERP correlates of priming in semantically related words and pseudowords related through equivalence. We found similar behavioral and N400 effects when comparing unrelated vs related prime-target pairs in language and stimulus equivalence tasks, suggesting that priming engages at least partially overlapping neural mechanisms in both contexts. In addition, we found a posteriorly distributed late positivity in the semantic priming task only, which may be reflecting language-specific processing. Fil: Tabullo, Angel Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina Fil: Yorio, Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina Fil: Zanutto, Bonifacio Silvano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina Fil: Wainselboim, Alejandro Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina

Published
2014

10. Stereotypies in wilson's disease

Author

Jacobo C. Mesri, Alberto Yorio, Miguel A. Pagano, and Gabriel Lera

Subjects
Adult, Involuntary movement, Video recording, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Movement Disorders, Electrodiagnosis, medicine.diagnostic_test, Foot, Penicillamine, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Basal Ganglia, Wilson's disease, Hepatolenticular Degeneration, Neurology, medicine, Humans, Female, Neurology (clinical), Stereotyped Behavior, Psychology, Psychiatry, Chelating Agents
Published
1997
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11. 229. An ERP study of category learning

Author

Angel Javier Tabullo, P. Pérez Leguizamon, Alberto Yorio, and Enrique T. Segura

Subjects
Neurology, Physiology (medical), Concept learning, Neurology (clinical), Psychology, Sensory Systems, Cognitive psychology
Published
2008
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12. 514 Cardiovascular reactivity, EEG asymmetries and personality traits relations

Author

Lorena Pompilio, Alberto Yorio, Nora Leibovich deFigeuroa, Claudia Marro, and Enrique T. Segura

Subjects
Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, medicine.diagnostic_test, Physiology (medical), General Neuroscience, medicine, Big Five personality traits, Electroencephalography, Psychology, Cardiovascular reactivity, Developmental psychology
Published
1998
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