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El análisis de las competencias docentes del profesorado es una tarea preferente dentro de las políticas educativas de los diferentes países. Los docentes son una pieza clave en el éxito educativo. El objetivo de esta investigación es construir y validar un Cuestionario de autopercepción acerca de las Competencias docentes del profesorado de Educación Primaria, sustentado en el Modelo de la Acción Planificada (Ajzen y Fishbein). Para ello, partimos de un grupo de discusión y de expertos, posteriormente, realizamos los estadísticos Alfa de Cronbach, Prueba de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin y Prueba de esfericidad de Bartlett. Tras estos resultados se ha construido y validado el cuestionario definitivo, con una fiabilidad 0.917, dividido 60 ítems, con 6 factores, que responden al Modelo teórico propuesto. The analysis of the teaching competences of the teaching staff is a preferred task within the educational policies of countries worldwide as teachers are a key piece in educational success. The objective of this research is to design and validate a self-perception questionnaire about the teaching competencies of primary education teachers, based on the Planned Action Model (Ajzen and Fishbein). To do this, we started from a group of discussion and a group of experts. Then, we performed the Cronbach Alpha test, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test and the Bartlett test of sphericity. Following the conduction of these tests, the definitive questionnaire was designed and validated, with a reliability of .917. It comprised 60 items, divided within 6 factors which respond to the proposed theoretical model.

Suicide in probation services is far higher than the general population. This paper presents secondary analysis of data previously used to evaluate the outcome of delivering psychological treatment to probationers in London. A sample of probation service users who screened positive for clinically significant symptoms of distress and were subsequently assessed and offered treatment ( n = 274) were allocated retrospectively to one of three groups: those with a history of suicidal ideations but no suicide attempts (ideation group), those with a history of a suicidal act (attempt group) or a control group where suicide was not evident (no history group). Results indicate no significant difference between the ideation and the attempt groups, but significant differences between these and the no history group. The findings are discussed within the context of the suicide ideation-to-action models that have been debated in other offender settings. We conclude that a more nuanced understanding of suicidal acts and suicide attempts is required in probation services including a prospective study that tests the ideation-to-action model.

Patient microaggressions affect practitioners in all fields of healthcare and especially psychiatry. In multiple studies, healthcare professionals reported high rates of patient microaggressions and discrimination. To date, this is the first scoping review of recommendations and trainings on patient microaggressions. A scoping review of articles indexed in PubMed, PsycINFO, Medline, ERIC, and MedEdPORTAL was conducted from July 2020 to August 2020 to identify recommendations and solutions for healthcare professionals on responding to patient microaggressions. The review identified 27 studies that provide recommendations and trainings for healthcare professionals to address patient microaggressions. Twenty studies outlined recommendations for healthcare professionals and systems on how to respond to patient offenses. These 20 studies were grouped into establishing a supportive culture, addressing the microaggression, supporting the targets of microaggressions, discriminatory requests, and institutional responses. Six articles described trainings that equip providers with tools to address patient microaggressions, including the ERASE framework (“Expect/Recognize/Address/Support/Establish, Encourage”); Stop, Talk, and Roll; interrupting microaggressions; XYZ (“I felt X when Y because Z”); the ACTION model (“Ask/Come/Tell/Impact/Own/Next”); and the OWTFD tool (“Observe/Why/Think/Feel/Desire”). Recommendations and trainings for the response to microaggressions are emerging, and results of trainings are encouraging. However, more work is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of these trainings in clinical settings and longitudinally.

This study aimed to increase children's creativity by exploring the natural surroundings of group A children at TK Tunas Dansari Dosay, Jayapura Regency. The subjects of this study were 15 children. This research is a classroom action research method using the action model from Kemmis and Mc Taggart. Data collecting was observation and documentation—data analysis using qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed an increase in the creativity of group A children in TK Tunas Dansari Dosay. The research data showed that before the action, the average group value was 45.55%. After being given action cycle I, the average result was 55.55%; action II amounted to 63.33% and increased in action III 67.22%. In cycle II, an action I increased to 71.67%, action II increased to 75.55%, and action III increased to 81.10%. Based on these data, exploring the surrounding nature can increase the creativity of group A children at TK Tunas Dansari Dosay, Jayapura Regency.

The promotion of psychosocial health among individuals, groups, and society is becoming an increasingly important task and research topic in the field of public health. Psychosocial health is a complex interaction between the psyche of an individual and the social environment in which that individual lives. Promoting psychosocial health is often challenging and complex for health care professionals. Therefore, an important question of public health significance is: how can we address and improve the psychosocial health of individuals, groups, as well as society in general? An interdisciplinary team of specialists at the Department of Health Professions at the Bern University of Applied Sciences, Switzerland, focused on the connection between health promotion, prevention, and psychosocial health. This team newly defined these topics in relation to how they could be synergistically combined to promote psychosocial health. Additionally, they presented an action model to graphically depict their connection. The proposed action model is based upon already well-established concepts, models, frameworks in health promotion, and prevention practice. In a further step, they have depicted them in a way that clearly integrates and combines their core concepts for their practical application in promoting psychosocial health. As these topics are overlapping, their clear illustration is important in promoting their systematic and planned usage. This new and innovative approach encourages the systematic usage of health promotion and prevention for the promotion of psychosocial health. The next step would be the implementation and evaluation of this action model, especially the measurement of the outcome (psychosocial health). The integrative and intentional use of health promotion and prevention is an innovative approach for the promotion of psychosocial health in public health practice.

In the absence of scientific breakthrough, patients search for solutions beyond science in the quest for good health. This is because spirituality greatly influences therapeutic outcomes and healthcare delivery. Healthcare providers must confront the dual needs of their patients; spiritual and health. Christian pharmacists can have an integral role to play in addressing these needs by means of a specialized focus on Christian faith. In this paper, we propose a Prayer, Faith, and Action Model for pharmacists who desire faith-based healthcare delivery in their professional settings. This model is worth adopting if Christian pharmacists want to maximize their potential in the course of healthcare delivery.

This chapter focuses on children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) often seen in the clinic for sensory-motor problems impacting skilled performance and participation. The International Classification of Functioning: Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY) sets the stage for identifying strengths and challenges in children performing everyday activities across contexts. Using the clinical Reasoning in Action Model (RAM) and through case analysis, the authors provide contemporary evidence for evaluating and blending sensory integration treatment, if indicated, with additional interventions for children with “motor problems.”

The purpose of the study is to find out how the competence of computing students develops throughout a study module as they are exposed to a Learning by Developing (LbD) Action Model. Furthermore, their perception of the model is evaluated against existing pedagogies to better understand the effectiveness of this tool when used specifically in a CS context.

This study attempts to understand online retail format choice behavior of Indians through cultural dimension of individualism-collectivism. Extended reasoned action model of Fishbein and Aj...

Classroom Action Research applied to Grade VIII students of SMPN 1 Sakra, conducted on the basis of the low level of achievement of the Year-End Achievement Test in Mathematics at the 2017.2018 Academic Year, compared to the average achievement of 2017 Semester Final Assessment / 2018. This study was designed with the Kemmis Action model research procedure, with 2 cycles of action in two meetings. In the description of the results of the research cycle I, and II, there was an increase in the process and results of learning Mathematics with the implementation of the learning model the power of two. In the first cycle, the average score of students' knowledge was 53.67, in the second cycle there was an increase of 73.67, the results of observations of learning activities of students and teachers in cycle I 3, 50 and 2.71 and increased again in cycle II to 4 , 36 and 3.14 with the Good category.

The goal of the study was to investigate the role of pre-deliberation planning on the enactment of normative and informational influence attempts during group decision-making. The goals-plans-action model (Dillard, 1990) was used to frame the study. The participants (N=112) performed a judgmental group decision-making task. The results of the study support the GPA in several ways. Pre-deliberation plans were enacted in discussion. In support of the extant group literature, perceptions of the task type influenced the proportion of pre-deliberation informational plans. Post-discussion attitudes toward the group’s decision were related to goals and to the proportion of normative plans.

Previous research has shown that positive intergroup con-tact among disadvantaged group members may predict a so-called sedative effect according to which positive con-tact is associated with reduced support for social change. Conversely, positive contact is associated with increased support for social change toward equality among advantaged group members. This raises the important question of under which circumstances intergroup contact can encourage support for social change among both disadvantaged and advantaged groups. In this theoretical article, we tackle this question by introducing a new Integrated Contact-Collective Action Model (ICCAM). We first provide an up-to-date review of how intergroup contact may promote or hinder social change for both disadvantaged and advantaged groups. We, then, use ICCAM to examine when the many forms of intergroup contact promote or hinder sup-port for social change, proposing the existence of two different paths for disadvantaged and advantaged group members. Finally, we discuss the implications of the model for social intervention and make policy recommendations stemming from a review of available evidence.

Objective: To test the effect of the artificial intelligence video feedback system in the basketball shooting teaching in Colleges and universities. Methods: 24 male basketball players from XX University were randomly divided into experimental group (n=12) and control group (n=12). The experimental group and the control group were given shooting learning for 8 weeks. During each teaching period, the experimental group was intervened with 10-minute video feedback system, while the control group was not intervened. Results: After the experiment, the shooting percentage and the performance of action skill evaluation of the experimental group were significantly higher than those before the experiment (p=0. 032 0.05). After the experiment, the experimental group in the fixed-point shot and jump shot shooting percentage and action skill evaluation results were significantly higher than the control group (p=0. 026

Overwhelming issues and barriers often prevent rural and remote physicians (RRPs) from pursuing the many socially accountable research questions they encounter on a daily basis. Although research training programs can empower RRPs to rise to these challenges, there is a lack of evidence on how they should be developed and refined. At Memorial University, a faculty development program (FDP) called 6for6 has been helping RRPs surmount their research quagmires and engage in scholarship since 2014. After an initial three-year (2014-17) pilot, we prepared a detailed plan to evaluate the 6for6 research FDP for RRPs and inform future years of delivery. Using a modified Delphi method and participatory action model a group of program team members, stakeholders and evaluation experts developed an evaluation plan including a logic model and an evaluation matrix addressing five key themes. To our knowledge, this is the first evaluation plan for a research-focused FDP targeting RRPs. While this plan was developed specifically for the 6for6 FDP, our approach to its development may be useful to any institution interested in evaluating an FDP with limited resources.

Guided by the general incentives rational action model and deliberative participatory democracy framework, we investigated whether deliberative beliefs, including normative and personal aspects, mediate the relationship between distributive, procedural, and interactive organizational justice and intention to participate in professional associations. Self-report measures of organizational justice, deliberative belief, and intention of participation were obtained from 789 early childhood educators in Taiwan. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the proposed model. According to the results of the study, there is a relationship between organizational justice and intention of professional association participation, and a fully significant mediation effect was found for deliberative beliefs between organizational justice and intention to participate. These findings are discussed with respect to improving professional association participation and applying deliberative pedagogy.

Introduction: One of the most important ways to prevent work-related diseases in occupations such as mining is to promote healthy behaviors among miners. This study aimed to predict and promote healthy behaviors among coal miners by using a health action model (HAM). Method: The study was conducted on 200 coal miners in Iran in two steps. In the first step, a descriptive study was implemented to determine predictive constructs and effectiveness of HAM on behavioral intention. The second step involved a quasi-experimental study to determine the effect of an HAM-based education intervention. This intervention was implemented by the researcher and the head of the safety unit based on the predictive construct specified in the first step over 12 sessions of 60 min. The data was collected using an HAM questionnaire and a checklist of healthy behavior. Results: The results of the first step of the study showed that attitude, belief, and normative constructs were meaningful predictors of behavioral intention. Also, the results of the second step revealed that the mean score of attitude and behavioral intention increased significantly after conducting the intervention in the experimental group, while the mean score of these constructs decreased significantly in the control group. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that HAM-based educational intervention could improve the healthy behaviors of mine workers. Therefore, it is recommended to extend the application of this model to other working groups to improve healthy behaviors.

While much of the extant InfoSec research relies on single assessment models that predict intent to act, this article proposes a multi-stage InfoSec Process Action Model (IPAM) that can positively change individual InfoSec behavior. We believe that this model will allow InfoSec researchers to focus more directly on the process that leads to action and develop better interventions that address problematic security behaviors. Building on successful healthcare efforts that resulted in smoking cessation, regular exercise, and a healthier diet, among others, IPAM is a hybrid predictive process approach to behavioral InfoSec improvement. IPAM formulates the motivational antecedents of intent as separate from the volitional drivers of behavior. Singular fear appeals often seen in InfoSec research are replaced by more nuanced treatments appropriately differentiated to support behavioral change as part of a process; phase-appropriate measures of self-efficacy are employed to more precisely assess the likelihood that a participant will act on good intentions; and decisional balance assessment of pro and con perceptions is monitored over time. These notions better align InfoSec research with both leading security practice and successful comparators in healthcare. We believe IPAM can both help InfoSec research models better explain actual behavior and better inform practical security behavior improvement initiatives.

Gambling is a serious concern for society because it is highly addictive and is associated with a myriad of negative outcomes. The current study applied the Reasoned Action Model (RAM) to understand and predict gambling intentions and behavior. Although prior studies have taken a reasoned action approach to understand gambling, no prior study has fully applied the RAM or used the RAM to predict future gambling. Across two studies the RAM was used to predict intentions to gamble, past gambling behavior, and future gambling behavior. In study 1 the model significantly predicted intentions and past behavior in both a college student and Amazon Mechanical Turk sample. In study 2 the model predicted future gambling behavior, measured 2 weeks after initial measurement of the RAM constructs. This study stands as the first to show the utility of the RAM in predicting future gambling behavior. Across both studies, attitudes and perceived normative pressure were the strongest predictors of intentions to gamble. These findings provide increased understanding of gambling and inform the development of gambling interventions based on the RAM.

This study attempts to understand the dynamics of the rapidly growing Chinese film industry by relying on a revised reason action model that uses a data-mining approach with aggregated data to examine the determinants of people’s intentions to see movies. The results show that attitude towards seeing movies indicated by online film ratings, collective norms represented by box-office performance and Academy Award win(s) significantly predict intentions to see movies. In addition, a movie’s year of release, star power, country of origin, adaptation from a novel and status as a sequel were significant predictors of aggregated intentions.

Issue/Problem In Serbia, 12,8% of younger adults and 16,5% of sixteen years old adolescents have tried some of the illegal drugs. “Creative workshop with schoolchildren on prevention of drug abuse” program was developed as a part of National strategy against drug abuse, aiming to improve capacities of teachers and children in primary schools. Description of the practice Program based on educational approach “Shared learning in action” changes traditional school roles, transforming teachers into facilitators, allowing full expression of children’s ideas, thus enhancing development of their emotional intelligence. Children’s research about drugs mobilizes an extensive list of supporters in gathering relevant information: health workers, police, psychologists, teachers, parents and media. This information is then shaped into a variety of products with strong public health messages: songs, posters, comics, brochures, short plays and videos. Results Since 2010, around 450 teachers and nearly 7000 children in 115 Belgrade primary schools were included. Children’s knowledge about drugs has an upturn of over 50%, concurrently with improvement of their teamwork skills, self-confidence, research and creative potentials. Both teachers’ and children’s evaluation grades show a high level of satisfaction with the program. Lessons This program is an example of cooperation between educational and health sector, followed by a well implemented monitoring system and quality improvement. Its universal and flexible approach made it a part of official curricula in several schools. It was acknowledged as good practice by the Institute for improvement of education in 2012 and The City of Belgrade in 2018. Since 2014, the program has its Facebook page “Tvoje znanje menja sve”. Key messages High grade of children autonomy, supported by teachers and community, makes the learning process amusing and effective. Program achievements demonstrate its potential for systemic implementation to a wide range of public health topics.

Recent work has formalized the explanation process in the context of automated planning as one of model reconciliation - i.e. a process by which the planning agent can bring the explainee's (possibly faulty) model of a planning problem closer to its understanding of the ground truth until both agree that its plan is the best possible. The content of explanations can thus range from misunderstandings about the agent's beliefs (state), desires (goals) and capabilities (action model). Though existing literature has considered different kinds of these model differences to be equivalent, literature on the explanations in social sciences has suggested that explanations with similar logical properties may often be perceived differently by humans. In this brief report, we explore to what extent humans attribute importance to different kinds of model differences that have been traditionally considered equivalent in the model reconciliation setting. Our results suggest that people prefer the explanations which are related to the effects of actions.

The current study was designed to investigate the influence of COVID-19-related worry and online learning attitudes on enrollment behavior using the Reasoned Action Model. Participants (N = 246) completed measures of other-focused COVID-19 worry, self-focused COVID-19 worry, attitudes, perceived normative pressure, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention during the Spring and Summer 2020 academic semesters. Additionally, participants allowed us access to their university records to determine their enrollment status during the Fall 2020 semester. Mediation analysis results indicated the relationship between other-focused COVID-19 worry and enrollment intention was mediated by both perceived normative pressure and perceived behavioral control. Further, behavioral intention was found to share a positive relationship with enrollment behavior. Our discussion focuses on how the findings of the current research can be used to enhance student enrollment and retention.

Background: The Adolescents for Health Action model: Kishori Panchayat (KP) is a novel community participation approach for mobilizing and empowering adolescent girls. The model is expected to improve life skills of adolescent girls not only through occasional life skills sessions but also by providing them a platform for interaction with peer-groups, villagers and health-care providers, sharing experiences, community level health, and social activities. Objective: We aimed to assess whether life skills of KP girls are better in comparison to non-KP girls aged 12–18 years. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 100 KP and non-KP girls, respectively, of aged 12–18 years, selected using random lottery method over 1-year period under Anji and Waifad Primary health center areas (10 villages from each) of rural Wardha, Maharashtra. Validated self-administered scales for communication skill, critical thinking, decision-making, problem-solving, and self-esteem were used. Written consent from participants and permission from institutional ethics committee were taken. Results: The mean life skill scores were better among KP girls compared to non-KP with a significant difference (P < 0.001) in both groups regarding communication skill, critical thinking skill, decision-making, problem-solving, self-esteem, and total life skill scores. Conclusion: Community-based adolescents for health action model for the rural adolescent girls can empower and enhances their life skills with minimum resource and intensive effort.

Poor and insufficient sleep causes physical, cognitive, emotional, and social impairments. Unfortunately, little is known about the social-cognitive predictors of daily sleep habits. The current study examined if sleep hygiene could be predicted using the Reasoned Action Model (Fishbein & Ajzen, 2010). Across four studies, the model performed well for the prediction of intentions (R2s = .63–.75), and also significantly predicted both self-reported (R2 = .15) and actigraphy-recorded sleep duration (R2 = .11). The results from these studies support the further use of the model toward the goal of designing effective sleep hygiene interventions.

The authors present and test the action model of relationship security, which predicts that people's behavior toward a relationship partner shapes their security regarding that partner's care, regard, and commitment. Specifically, actors who enact prosocial or antisocial behavior develop corresponding prosocial or antisocial metaperceptions (i.e., they believe they are viewed as prosocial or antisocial by their partner). In turn, these metaperceptions have a strong influence on actors' security in their partner's care, regard, and commitment due to lay theories positing that prosocial and antisocial behavior impacts others' sentiments. Four studies supported this model. Moreover, findings suggest that prosocial metaperceptions buffer the harmful effects of attachment anxiety on relationship security. This research suggests the relevance of own behavior for relationship security.

Las universidades españolas ha asumido el reto de implementar procesos de acompañamiento tutorial desde programas institucionales de acción tutorial (PAT) consideradas como actuaciones programadas para la inclusión del alumnado de nuevo ingreso en la universidad con la finalidad de cubrir sus necesidades en cuanto a información, formación y asesoramiento continuado. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido identificar e implementar acciones tutoriales a partir de variables determinantes para un cambio de dirección en las acciones tutoriales del PAT, como son: coordinación en función de los agentes implicados; Equipo docente del PAT y alumnado tutorizado. En este estudio y desde una perspectiva ideográfica y cualitativa se ha utilizado el estudio de caso de carácter descriptivo. Los informes realizados por los participantes en cada una de las dimensiones: a nivel de coordinación general, a nivel de equipo docente y a nivel de alumnado tutorizado, han sido utilizados para la recogida de la información requerida. Los resultados obtenidos muestran a partir de las variables establecidas unas acciones tutoriales que no solo contemplan el apoyo al estudiante en el ámbito académico sino en gran parte supone una orientación hacia el acompañamiento tutorial en aspectos personales y obstáculos que se pueden suceder a lo largo de la trayectoria del estudiante universitario por lo que se concluye seguir avanzando en este modelo de acción tutorial a través del PAT. Spanish universities have taken on the challenge of implementing tutorial accompaniment processes from institutional tutorial action programmes (PAT) considered as programmed actions for the inclusion of new students in the university with the aim of covering their needs in terms of information, training and ongoing advice. The objective of this study has been to identify and implement tutorial actions based on determining variables for a change of direction in the TAP tutorial actions, such as: coordination according to the agents involved; TAP teaching team and tutoring students. In this study and from an ideographic and qualitative perspective, the descriptive case study has been used. The reports made by the participants in each of the dimensions: at the level of general coordination, at the level of the teaching team and at the level of the tutored students, have been used to collect the required information. The results obtained show that, based on the variables established, tutorial actions not only contemplate support for the student in the academic sphere, but also, to a large extent, imply an orientation towards tutorial accompaniment in personal aspects and obstacles that may occur throughout the university student’s career, which is why it is concluded that this tutorial action model will continue to advance through the PAT.

A special study was carried out with the aim to form a model of operational service of police officers for use of means of physical impact on offenders. The study used such methods of research as: content analysis of literary sources, interview of 164 and a pilot survey of 72 specialists of fire and physical training in all regions of Russia, a survey of 100 staff-members of District Departments of Internal Affairs. Respondents were police officers with multiyear experience (over 10 years) in activities, directly related to single combat and detention of offenders. The high importance of disobedience of offenders implies purposeful training of police officers on adequate actions in such situations. However, none of the programs on physical training provide appropriate educational material. The experience of inspections shows that cadets and students of educational institutions and employees of the Police have no idea how the legal means can be used to enforce their claims against the offender, who offers no resistance but simply does not obey. Dangerous situations in professional activities of police officers remain of high importance. The study shows that in almost every second case police officers are actively attacked and in every fifth case they are exposed to cold steel or firearms used by offenders.

Using survey measures distilled from Reynald‘s guardianship in action model, this article presents data on routine guardianship activities in residential contexts for the first time. Drawing on data from the first detailed self-report measures of the residential guardianship, this study measures the guardianship dimensions of home availability across seven days of the week at four different time periods of the day, and the frequency of monitoring or supervision by residents while at home. In doing so, the study uses self-reports of guardianship intensity from a representative sample of the Dutch population (n=4824) and compares these with proxies of guardianship traditionally used in (mainly) US studies. Results show that reported guardianship dimensions of home availability and supervision or monitoring habits by the Dutch population are not well approximated by these proxies. Implications for future research on guardianship are discussed.

The psychological perspective of entrepreneurship has a rich history in entrepreneurship research. While personality and psychology have both been identified as key components in explaining how and why entrepreneurs act, many questions remain about what different factors lead to entrepreneurial action and outcomes as well as the role these factors have in the process. We shed light on these important questions by integrating two leading models of the individual psychology of entrepreneurship: the Action-Characteristics Model (ACM) of Entrepreneurship and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). We create the Intentional Entrepreneurial Action Model by integrating these two perspectives together to address concerns about the ACM and TPB considered separately. By synthesizing these two models into the Intentional Entrepreneurial Action Model and presenting supporting propositions, we develop an explanation about how entrepreneurs think and how this intentional process leads to entrepreneurial action and outcomes.

Milner and Goodale's Two Visual Systems Hypothesis (TVSH) is regarded as common ground in recent discussions of visual consciousness. A central part of TVSH is a functional model of vision and action (a functional perception-action model, PAM for short). In this paper, I provide a brief overview of these current discussions and argue that PAM is ambiguous between a strong and a weak version. I argue that, given a standard way of individuating computational mechanisms, the available evidence cannot be used to distinguish between these versions. This not only has consequences for philosophical theories of the role of visual consciousness but also has implications for the role of experimental evidence in model testing in cognitive neuroscience.

Male clients of female sex workers (FSWs) are epidemiologically important because they can form bridge groups linking high- and low-risk subpopulations. However, because male clients are hard to locate, they are not frequently studied. Recent research emphasizes searching for high-risk behavior groups in locales where new sexual partnerships form and the threat of HIV transmission is high. Sub-Saharan Africa public drinking venues satisfy these criteria. Accordingly, this study developed and implemented a rapid assessment methodology to survey men in bars throughout the large informal settlement of Kibera, Nairobi, Kenya, with the goal of delineating cultural and economic rationales associated with male participation in commercial sex. The study sample consisted of 220 male patrons of 110 bars located throughout Kibera's 11 communities. Logistic regression analysis incorporating a modified Reasoned Action Model indicated that a social norm condoning commercial sex among male peers and the cultural belief that men should practice sex before marriage support commercial sex involvement. Conversely, lacking money to drink and/or pay for sexual services were barriers to male commercial sex involvement. Results are interpreted in light of possible harm reduction programs focusing on FSWs' male clients.

Diabetes and obesity directly related to an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure, namely, a healthy lifestyle. Physical activity and diet can prevent excess body weight and obesity, and help to manage diabetes. To guide prevention and management of diabetes and obesity more efficiently, this paper introduces a new theory, which explicitly models different health behaviors in unison. The Compensatory Carry-Over Action Model (CCAM) proposes five axioms for modeling different health behaviors: (1) Different health behaviors (in this case, physical activity and nutrition) are interrelated, and they are driven by (2) emotionally relevant higher-level goals. (3) Each single behavior needs to be intended; this intention translated into behavior via planning, and the process is moderated by self-efficacy. (4) Carry-over mechanisms enable inter-behavioral learning, and compensatory cognitions can facilitate but also hinder the execution of both behaviors. (5) The outcome can result in the reduction of the stress response and the increase of well-being.

This study aims to determine whether creative dance activities (Sundanese Sundanese) can improve kinesthetic intelligence in children aged 5-6 years in the Assaid Kindergarten Prohibition. Classroom action model (CAR) or classroom action research with research subjects consisting of 14 students, 8 boys and 6 girls. As per the results of the data obtained in the research carried out in the Assaid Kindergarten the prohibition of the percentage of children's kinesthetic intelligence in the Assaid Kindergarten Prohibition before the action is carried out is 35%. The target set by researchers and collaborators is 75%. After the action was implemented, it showed an increase in cycle 1 when compared to the pre cycle, which was 68%. However, because the results obtained are not yet in line with the eating target implemented in the second cycle and the results have increased by 90%. So this research can be declared successful. These results indicate compliance with the action hypothesis that is kinesthetic intelligence of children aged 5-6 years in Assaid Kindergarten Prohibition can be increased through creative dance (Sundanese Sundanese).

This study aims to determine the increase in ecoliteracy and creativity in waste utilization by using a project-based-learning (PBL) model in social studies learning. This research is a classroom action research (Action Research). The design of the action model used is the Kemmis and Mc model. Taggart. This research was conducted in the fifth grade (V) of Primary Schools. Data collection techniques used in the study were observation sheet, interview, documentation, and field notes instruments. The results of this study showed that there was an increase in ecolithicacy ability.Based on the results of the pretest conducted on December 17, 2018, it can be seen that students in Telajung 02 Public Elementary School have not had the ability of Ecoliteracy and students' creativity in utilizing waste. Of the 32 students, the highest score that can be obtained is only 40 from a maximum score of 100. While the lowest value obtained is 20 from a maximum score of 100. In the first cycle, around 63% of students classified as having high ecoliteration ability, 9% classified as having the low ecoliteration ability and 28% classified as having the very low ecoliteration ability. In cycle II, there was an increase, around 90% of students classified as having high ecoliteration ability, 6% classified as having the low ecoliteration ability and 4% classified as having low ecoliteration ability. The average value of ecoliteration ability in the first cycle was 87.6 and the second cycle increased to 78.2. In addition, students become more active in the learning process and more courageous in expressing their opinions. This shows that the ecoliteracy and creativity of students can be improved through the project-based-learning model.

INTRODUCTION Smoking in homes exposes family members to secondhand smoke, an exposure that is harmful to children and adults. This study identifies barriers to instituting household smoking bans and beliefs that are positively and negatively related to smoking bans in households with smokers. METHODS A telephone survey of parents living in Philadelphia with at least 1 smoker and a child under the age of 13 years in the household was conducted in 2012. Using the reasoned action model, the survey assessed beliefs regarding attitudes, norms, and self-efficacy/control predictors of intention to ban household smoking. RESULTS Forty-seven percent of households reported high intention to not allow smoking in the home. Regression analysis to identify the reasoned action predictors associated with intention to restrict smoking in the home showed that all 3 of the predictors of intention (attitude, normative pressure, and control) were significantly related to intention. Important underlying beliefs related to intention included beliefs about the health effects of secondhand smoke on children's health, norms regarding those restrictions, and barriers to enforcing such restrictions. CONCLUSIONS Messages that increase concern about the health effects of secondhand smoke on children, that contrast the rights of smokers with negative health effects, and that suggest alternative locations to smoke are promising strategies to motivate smokers to implement indoor smoking bans.

Youth sport events provide communities with an influx of families who travel to provide their children with primary sport experiences. Decisions to participate in these ‘sport-cations’ are influenced by overall perceptions about the event, opportunities for socializing, and norms derived from family and friends’ support. The study aimed to understand the impact of overall event image on traveling parents’ subjective norms (SNs), attitudes, and behavioral intentions to re-attend similar youth sport events. Parents of youth female soccer players (N = 370) were surveyed at a youth tournament. Structural equation modeling analysis was utilized to test the proposed model. The results supported the positive influence of event image on attitudes and SNs and the impact of SNs on intentions. Based on these findings, peer influence becomes important. Efforts at managing event image should involve influencing the social network of parents about the importance of these events to achieve higher return rates.

The present study proposed and tested Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model to explain the formation of hotel customers' intentions to visit a green hotel. The findings showed the TPB model has a good fit to the data and better predictive power for intention than the Theory of a Reasoned Action model. Based on theoretical support and suggested modification indices, a refined TPB model was developed. Consistent with the theory, the results of a structural equation analysis revealed that attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control positively affected intention to stay at a green hotel. Further investigation indicated the paths between these predictors and intention did not statistically differ between customers who actively practice ecofriendly activities and those who are not often engaged in environmentally conscious behaviors in their everyday lives. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Prior studies have investigated imitation by extracting a hierarchy of goals from the key elements of action models. The theoretical model is that all ages practice a method of imitation in which goal or target elements are more easily imitated correctly, while nontarget elements are not. The present study compared error responses among 32 children and 32 adults when imitating an action model for manipulating concrete objects constructed of five elements. The results indicated that the elements for which error responses were easily produced and those for which error responses were more difficult to produce were approximately the same in children and adults. It showed that the imitation mechanisms were similar in children and adults. In addition, children had higher omissions and error responses than adults. This result suggests that imitation and differences in working memory capacity may be related.

Beginning teachers are entering the profession with increasing confidence in their ability to use digital technologies which has the potential to change the way teachers of the future make pedagogical decisions. This paper explores how pedagogical reasoning and action might occur in the digital age, comparing Schulman’s 1987 model with the reality for a small sample of digitally able beginning teachers as part of the emerging generation of teachers. The latter were examined through a multiple case study during their first year of teaching as they made decisions about using digital technologies within their teaching practice which gave an insight into pedagogical reasoning and action through the use of open‐ended interviews and observation. The conclusion drawn is that while the pedagogical reasoning and action model remains relevant, it was based on an assumption that teaching involves knowledge being passed from a teacher to their students, which was found to restrict innovation by digitally able teacher...

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to identify and develop an understanding of the aspects of tacit knowledge that play a significant role in enabling organizational learning.Design/methodology/approachTaking a multi‐dimensional approach, this paper moves toward an understanding of tacit knowledge through the lens of neuroscience, evolutionary biology, psychology, competency theory and knowledge management. The paper begins with the definition of knowledge, then discusses explicit, implicit and tacit knowledge and their relationships. Then individual learning is explored through the four aspects of tacit knowledge (embodied, affective, intuitive, and spiritual). Next the concept of extraordinary consciousness is developed and a four‐fold action model proposed for working with tacit knowledge to improve organizational learning. Finally, this model is engaged to begin the exploration of the role of leadership with respect to tacit knowledge and organizational learning.FindingsThe recognition that tacit knowledge resides beyond ordinary consciousness leads to the search to develop greater sensitivity to information stored in the unconscious to facilitate the management and use of tacit knowledge. Surfacing, embedding and sharing tacit knowledge are approaches for mobilizing tacit knowledge in support of individual and organizational objectives. In addition, it was forwarded that participating in or exposing ourselves to situations that induce resonance engages our personal passion in developing deeper knowledge and expanded awareness of that knowledge, that is, moving us toward extraordinary consciousness.Originality/valueThis paper is a new treatment of tacit knowledge that is consistent with recent findings in neuroscience and evolutionary biology. Further, it begins the exploration of ways to achieve extraordinary consciousness, thereby enhancing the capacity of an organization to learn.

Zusammenfassung. Der Artikel vermittelt einen Überblick über zentrale theoretische Ansätze der Lernmotivationsforschung. Als integrativer Rahmen zur Darstellung dient dabei ein Handlungsmodell, das in Anlehnung an Heckhausen und Heckhausen (2006) entstanden ist. Es werden sieben Arten von Lernmotivationstheorien vorgestellt und in das Handlungsmodell eingeordnet: klassische Leistungsmotivationstheorie, erweiterte Erwartungs-Wert-Theorien, Attributionstheorien, Zielorientierungskonzepte, Theorien intrinsischer Motivation, Volitionsmodelle und Theorien sozialer Motivation. Für jede Theorieart wird aufgezeigt, an welche Prozesse im Handlungsverlauf die Motivation gebunden ist. Dadurch treten Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen den Motivationstheorien deutlich hervor. Zur Veranschaulichung des Zusammenhangs zwischen Motivation und Lernleistung auf empirischer Ebene werden die Befunde aus Metaanalysen präsentiert.

In the influential perception-action model, the ventral visual system of the primate brain serves to obtain knowledge of objects in the environment, while the dorsal system serves to control actions in interaction with those objects. In recent years, criticism of the model has gained momentum following reports of evidence that involvement of the two systems may not principally depend on whether observers are engaged in action or perception tasks. This thesis appraises the perception-action model over the course of five experiments that test a number of the model’s central assertions. Evidence for an alternative functional characterization of the dorsal and ventral systems is obtained. Specifically, the evidence suggests that the dorsal system can be involved in both action and perception on the basis of fast egocentric information pickup, while the ventral system can be involved in both perception and action on the basis of slower allocentric information pickup. This raises the possibility that a more fundamental distinction pertains to the characteristics of information pickup by the two systems rather than to the behavioral functions subserved. The thesis develops a stance in which involvement of the two systems in the visual guidance of behavior is dependent on their operational characteristics in combination with the constraints of the task. The proposed relevant task constraints are: (i) whether tasks allow for egocentric and/or allocentric information pickup, (ii) the amount of time that is available for information pickup in a task and, possibly, (iii) whether stimuli are located within or outside functional space (the space that affords action for an observer). Whether a task requires an immediate or a delayed response is of less importance. It is argued that while the typical requirements of perception and action tasks bring about a tight coupling between perception and the ventral system and action and the dorsal system, this coupling is not invariant; perception can involve fast egocentric information pickup and action can involve slower allocentric information pickup. The findings are discussed in the context of higher-level theories of visual perception. It is proposed that the view of the dorsal and ventral visual systems that is suggested by the findings presented in this thesis corresponds better with ecological than with constructivist approaches to visual perception.

This document describes a study, performed with students during the teaching practice in the course of preschool education. It analyses the competences that they believe to have built through the contact with the professional context. Data is acquired from their portfolios, since they protrude the competences built during the practice activities and the most interesting aspects to analyse. The study puts in evidence that teaching practice enhances professional competences construction, although the outlines of this construction vary according to the educational action model and the supervision model. It is clear that the action of the kindergarten teacher is complex and that they develop within the confluence of knowledge of different nature. The centrality of the teacher-child interactions sets up as the defining frame of professional competences construction. Teaching practice is the moment of socialization that allows future kindergarten teachers contact with the values, language and body of the profession specific knowledge, facilitating a more realistic view over the world of work. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

This paper purposes an analysis about the Agreement for discretion signed in 1999 by 32 media directors "to elevate the quality level and responsibility in the coverage and broadcasting of violent facts". This article analyses the factors that impede the Agreement for discretion from generating real changes in journalistic informative practices. This article presents a model (Lemieux, 2000) that explains the variables that influence the production of information discourse by journalists and the mass media. Key words: information, objectivity, journalist, mass media, information contract, action model. En este artículo se propone un análisis del texto del Acuerdo por la discreción firmado en 1999 por 32 directores de medios de comunicación para "elevar el nivel de calidad y responsabilidad en el cubrimiento y difusión de hechos violentos". Se analizan los factores que impiden que este Acuerdo produzca cambios efectivos en la práctica profesional informativa y se presenta un modelo (Lemieux, 2000) que tiene en cuenta las variables que influyen en la producción del discurso informativo mediático.Palabras clave: información, objetividad, periodista, medios de comunicación, contrato de información, modelo de la acción.

This study contrasted personal life narratives describing Action and Reaction oriented life episodes. Action episodes involve an attempt to achieve a goal or adjust to the demands of a situation with emotion resulting either from the fulfilment or frustration of these efforts. Reaction episodes involve holistic experiences with sensory, affective, and organic responses to autobiographically meaningful events. One hundred and fifty-one students at the University of Toronto completed a three-part questionnaire, each with 13 items, which was examined with factor analysis. The order in the questionnaire actually was - the first part inquired about Action, the second part Reaction, and the third part General responses to emotional episodes. In accordance with mainstream social psychological theorizing about emotion, intensity and attributional attention to causes loaded on separate factors for the Action model. An holistic response unifying the two factors was found for the Reaction model. Twenty-two of these ...

Dillard's goals‐planning‐action (GPA) model of interpersonal influence encompasses two different process models depending on the initial weighing of primary and secondary goals. In contrast to the GPA's prediction that the ordering of the intervening processes is moderated by the initial weighing of these two types of goals, a simplified version was found that fit the data both when the primary goal was greater than the secondary goal and when the secondary goal was greater than the primary goal. In both conditions, the two types of goals have simultaneous, direct relationships with the persuaders’ decisions to engage their targets, and indirect effects on subsequent plan generation.