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Gewalt ist konstitutiver Bestandteil von Rechtsextremismus. Ein umfassendes Verständnis rechter und rassistischer Gewalt erfordert die Perspektive von Betroffenen auf das Gewaltgeschehen. Dieser Beitrag zielt auf das Verständnis der zentralen Erlebensdimensionen rassistischer Gewalt sowie der Umgangsstrategien von Betroffenen mit der erlebten Gewalt. Es werden zwei qualitative Interviews mit Betroffener rassistischer Gewalt analysiert. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Erfahrung der gewaltvollen Markierung sowie Prozesse der Unsichtbarmachung der Betroffenen und ihrer Gewalterfahrung als wesentliche Dimension rassistischer Gewalt beschrieben werden kann. Entsprechend können Kämpfe Betroffener um selbstbestimmte Sichtbarkeit als wesentlicher Teil der Bewältigung der Gewalt verstanden werden. Mit diesen Befunden kann auf den Forschungsstand der englischsprachigen Forschung zum Erleben von hate crimes aufgebaut werden. Es werden Anschlüsse zur Rassismusforschung hergestellt, in der die Unterdrückung von Wissen über Rassismus als epistemische Gewalt gefasst wird. Violence is a constitutive component of right-wing extremism. A comprehensive understanding of right-wing and racist violence requires the perspective of those affected by the violence. This article aims at understanding the central dimensions of racist violence as well as the strategies of victims to deal with the violence they experience. Two qualitative interviews with victims of racist violence are analyzed. It will be shown that the experience of violent marking as well as processes of invisibilization of those affected and their experience of violence can be described as an essential dimension of racist violence. Accordingly, struggles of affected persons for self-determined visibility can be understood as an essential part of coping with violence. With these findings, it is possible to build on the state of art in English-language research on the experience of hate crimes. Connections to racism research are made, in which the suppression of knowledge about racism is understood as epistemic violence.

Previous studies about health in prisons conclude that incarceration has detrimental consequences for physical and mental health. It is associated with weight gain, decreased fitness, increased cardiovascular risks, and increased risks for mental illnesses, like depression and anxiety. This article examines the relationships between sports activity and health developments among prisoners. We analyze data from the Hessian Prison Sports Study, conducted in 12 prisons of the federal state of Hesse, Germany. Based on quantitative survey data of 568 prisoners in regular custody, our empirical findings show that inmates perceive substantial health declines since incarceration. They report substantial decreases in general health (d=-0.52) and life satisfaction (d=-0.84) as well as an increased number of health problems (d=0.71). However, sport has a potential to buffer this decline of health. Prisoners engaged in sports report a less negative development of their health compared to inactive prisoners. The greater the amount of time spent with sports activities, the better are the health trajectories found. Findings add to the public health and prison sport literature by demonstrating health benefits of sporting activities in a vulnerable population group that almost inevitably is exposed to manifold strains and burdens.

Weltweit waren 2020 2,3 Millionen Frauen weltweit von Brustkrebs betroffen, 685.000 starben daran. Dies macht Brustkrebs zu einer der am weitesten verbreiteten Krebserkrankung. Laut US-Studien haben Schwarze Frauen - im Vergleich zu weißen Frauen - relativ höhere Inzidenzen von und Risiken für schwerere Verläufe und tödliche Formen von Brustkrebs. Dies ist alarmierend angesichts der Tatsache, dass die frühzeitige Erkennung und adäquate Behandlung von Brustkrebs enorm wichtig und lebensrettend sind. Die Gründe für die unterschiedlichen und erhöhten Inzidenzen und Risiken sind vielfältig. In Deutschland existieren spezifische Analysen der Auswirkungen von Rassismen und anderen Formen intersektionaler Diskriminierungen im medizinischen System einerseits und deren multiple Wirkweisen (Traumata, Erkrankungen, Ausgrenzung u.v.m.) andererseits nicht. Vor dem Hintergrund der Erfahrung mehrfacher Traumata, durch Diskriminierung, Ausgrenzung und möglichen Auswirkungen historischer Dimensionen auf den Körper, plädiert der Artikel einerseits dafür, Schwarze Communities und Individuen ernst zu nehmen und hier eine Gestaltung von Communities of Practice, Dialoge and Care für Schwarze Frauen und LGBTIQA+ zu gestalten. Anderseits zielt er auf grundlegende Transformationen des Medizinsystems, die die intersektionalen Realitäten Schwarzer Frauen und LGBTQIA+ reflektieren und integrieren und so eine diskriminierungs- und rassismusbewusste inklusive gendergerechte gleichberechtigte und chancengerechte Medizin für alle ermöglichen. In 2020, 2.3 million women were diagnosed with breast cancer and 685 000 deaths globally, making it the world’s most prevalent cancer. According to U.S. studies, Black women - in comparison to white women - have relatively higher incidences of breast cancer and higher risks to fall ill with severe and letal forms of breast cancer. This is alarming, given the fact that the early detection and adequate treatment of breast cancer is of high importance and lifesaving. The reasons for the different and increased incidences and risks are multiple. In Germany, specific analyses of the effects of racism and other forms of intersectional discriminations in the medical system on one hand and their multiple consequences (in terms of trauma, disease, exclusion etc.) on the other hand do not exist so far. Given the experience of multiple trauma related to discrimination, exclusion and possible effects of historical dimensions on the body, the article on one hand argues to take Black communities and individuals seriously and to encourage the creation of Black "Communities of Practice, Dialogue and Care" within the Black Diaspora. On the other hand, it argues for fundamental transformations of the medical system that reflect and integrate the intersectional realities of Black women and LGBTQIA+ towards a transformed and equally accessible gender-sensitive inclusive medicine for all.

Hintergrund: Die COVID-19-Pandemie (Corona Virus Disease 2019) hat innerhalb kürzester Zeit das gesellschaftliche Leben grundlegend verändert. Bei politischen Entscheidungen steht oft die Abwägung zwischen der Pandemiebekämpfung und den möglichen negativen wirtschaftlichen Konsequenzen im Vordergrund. Zunehmend finden jedoch auch die psychologischen und sozialen Auswirkungen des Lockdowns Beachtung. Fragestellung: Wie hat sich die psychische Gesundheit von Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen in Deutschland während der ersten Welle der COVID-19-Pandemie und der dadurch bedingten Kontaktbeschränkungen in Deutschland verändert? Material und Methoden: Die Analysen basieren auf Längsschnittdaten von bundesweit per Zufallsverfahren ausgewählten Ankerpersonen des Beziehungs- und Familienpanels pairfam. Die hier betrachtete Altersgruppe der Geburtsjahrgänge 2001-2003 wurde im Jahr 2018/2019 erstmalig im Zuge einer Aufstockungsstichprobe befragt und 854 dieser Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen im Alter von 16-19 Jahren nahmen auch an der COVID-19-Zusatzbefragung von Mai bis Juli 2020 (erster Lockdown) teil. Die Depressivität wird mit der State-Trait Depression Scale erhoben. Ergebnisse: Während des ersten Lockdowns zeigte sich bei den jungen Menschen ein deutlicher Anstieg depressiver Symptome: Vor dem Lockdown hatten 10,4% klinisch relevante depressive Symptome [95%-KI: 8,4; 12,5], im Frühjahr 2020 stieg dieser Anteil auf 25,3% [95%-KI: 22,4; 28,2]. Das Risiko, depressive Symptome zu entwickeln, war bei weiblichen Jugendlichen und jungen Frauen erhöht. Der Migrationshintergrund zeigte sich als ein ähnlich starker Risikofaktor: Die Prävalenz depressiver Symptome stieg bei Migrationshintergrund von 11% auf 33%. Diskussion: Um diese Risikogruppen zu erreichen, sind flächendeckende, zielgruppenspezifische und niedrigschwellige Angebote der Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung nötig. Background. The COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally changed social life within a very short time. Lockdown policies often consider the tradeoff between containing the spread of the pandemic and negative consequences for the economy. Policymakers should pay more attention to the psychological and social impacts of the lockdown. Research question. How did the mental health of adolescents in Germany change during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown? Materials and methods. Analyses are based on longitudinal data from nationwide randomly selected anchors of the German family panel pairfam. The age group considered here, born between 2001 and 2003, was surveyed for the first time in 2018/2019 in the course of a refreshment sample, and 854 of these adolescents and young adults aged 16-19 also participated in the COVID-19 supplementary survey from May to July 2020 (first lockdown). Depressiveness is assessed with the State-Trait Depression Scale. Results. During the first lockdown, adolescents show a significant increase in depressive symptoms. Prior to the lockdown, 10.4% had clinically relevant depressive symptoms [95% CI: 8.4; 12.5]. In spring 2020, the prevalence increased to 25.3% [95% CI: 22.4; 28.2]. Young women have a significantly higher risk of developing depressive symptoms than men of the same age. Immigrant background is an equally strong risk factor. The prevalence of depressive symptoms among adolescents with an immigrant background increased from 11% to 33%. Discussion. To address this increased mental health risk and the inequalities, policymakers and society should ensure access and availability of target-group-specific and low-threshold prevention and counselling.

Working from home has brought a number of changes in the lives, habits and ways of working of many employees. The article analyzes some of these changes starting from a survey conducted at the end of 2020 on a national sample of 554 subjects. The results were grouped on several major topics: resources, changes, advantages/disadvantages, which resulted in three analysis models: CALIPSO, CIRCE and CICLOP. These are the names of famous characters from Homer's Odyssey, and the comparison with them shows that the way back from office work to home work was not without its adventures and consequences. The COVID-19 pandemic produced changes in the attitudes and behaviors of those who experienced work from home in the second half of 2020. The correlations show significant differences between types of employees, such as those between public servants and those in the private sector. or between those with doctoral studies and those with fewer years of schooling © 2021, Amfiteatru Economic. All Rights Reserved.

Research has established that the economic hardship caused by intimate partner violence (IPV), including economic abuse, is an important obstacle impeding women from leaving a violent partner. Furthermore, economic violence typically continues post‐separation, also when other forms of abuse have ended. IPV—typically, men’s violence against women—is an issue of direct concern for children, even if the violent behaviour is not directed towards the child. A growing body of research has documented detrimental effects on children’s health, well‐being, and cognitive development when exposed to IPV/domestic abuse. In recent decades, research has also explored children’s perspectives and strategies to cope with being exposed to violence in families. Economic abuse, however, is a form of violence that is seldom studied from a child’s perspective. This article aims to explore existing knowledge on economic abuse from child and youth perspectives, drawing from childhood studies, interdisciplinary violence studies, critical social work, and social policy studies. The research review is divided as follows: (a) findings on children’s direct and indirect victimisation of economic abuse; (b) findings on economic abuse in young people’s intimate relationships and the context of honour‐related violence; and (c) findings on economic abuse concerning parenting, with discussions on possible implications for dependent children. Suggestions for further research are put forward.

Rumination has been proposed to play a significant role as a potential mechanism impairing the recovery process after work. This study examined two main effects: the association between a negative work environment and work-related rumination, and the association between work-related rumination and lack of employee well-being. Moreover, moderator effects of age, seniority and gender were examined. For this purpose, a meta-analysis was conducted. The results of a primary analysis indicated a significant association between rumination and both negative work events and lack of well-being. Meta-regression analysis revealed that the main effects are not moderated by the variables considered. Our findings emphasize the importance of reducing ruminative thinking at both individual and organizational levels.

COVID-19 represents unprecedented challenges for the entire community. Much of Australia’s commercial sector has voluntarily deployed strategies to support social distancing ahead of any lock downs. Businesses are working to safely maintain operations and a productive workforce throughout social isolation/distancing for an unknown duration. Yet uncertainty, ambiguity and radical change are breeding grounds for anxiety, stress and helplessness. Conditions that contradict safe mental health practices for work. The Australian perspective includes the cumulative stressors of the bushfires, torrential rains and floods. Each of these stressors was an environmental stressor. But people and businesses knew what to do. The newest cumulative stressor is remote work becoming the norm. Workplaces have often had a mediating effect as a point of social interaction. Legally mandated safe spaces that people could connect and be productive within. There is much research on the connection between social isolation and loneliness. Organisations need to support workers in maintaining social connections, team cohesion and productivity throughout these times. This paper will explore the health and safety legal obligations that apply in this context and outline a practical framework for organisations to contribute to and reinforce a positive state of mental health during the mass remote work experiment.

This paper presents the results of the first-ever representative survey on the demographic and attitudinal legacies of the Armenian genocide. The data, collected in 2018, maps the varied geographical origins of the citizens of contemporary Armenia and traces their links to the genocide. Around half of contemporary Armenians descend from refugees of the genocide, while about a third had family members killed. The data also inform debates on how violence transforms societies. Respondents who lost family members during the genocide show elevated levels of ethnocentrism, and lower levels of prosocial behaviour. However, rather than victimization being associated with militarism and hawkishness, the same individuals tend to be less supportive of military solutions. Even though the genocide took place more than a century ago, its demographic and attitudinal legacies remain clearly visible in contemporary Armenia.

Health literature shows that unemployment has a gendered effect on health. However, whether men or women are more affected and why remains unclear. We assume that unemployment harms women less than men because of two mechanisms: social roles theories and health selection. First, the availability and centrality in individuals' lives of roles other than employment may reduce the detrimental effect of unemployment for women. Second, the gendered impact of unemployment on health results from the different ways selection mechanisms operate across genders. Moreover, these two mechanisms may operate differently in different contexts – for example, across different gender regimes. We investigate this by pursuing a three-step comparative approach. The analysis relies on EU-SILC data covering Italy and Sweden for 2004 to 2015 and SOEP data for Germany (1995–2017) and applies correlated dynamic random-effects probit models. While we find weak support for the role of health selection in shaping the relations between unemployment, health, and gender, our empirical results are in line with the hypothesis of a larger gendered effect in older (vs younger) cohorts, western (vs eastern) Germany and Italy (vs. Sweden). Future empirical research needs to directly address the role of gender regimes in moderating such complex relationships.

Later-life loneliness is increasingly recognized as an important public health issue. In this study, we examine whether having more children and grandchildren is protective against later life loneliness in a group of Eastern and Western European countries. Drawing on data from the Generation and Gender Surveys, we estimated logistic regression models of the likelihood of being lonely among men and women aged 65 and older. The results showed a negative association between number of children and loneliness among men and women in both Eastern-European and Western-European countries. A mediation analysis performed using the KHB decomposition method showed that grandparenthood status partly explained differences in the loneliness risks of childless women, mothers with one child and those with two or more children. Among men, the mediating role of grandparenthood was significant in Eastern Europe and marginally significant in Western countries. Given the relatively strong reliance of older people on the family in Eastern Europe, we expected that the protective effects of offspring on loneliness would be stronger in Eastern-European countries than in Western-European countries. This hypothesis was supported only in part by our results. The protective effect of having four or more children was larger in the East than in the West. Overall, our findings indicate that having close family members, including more children and at least one grandchild, has a protective effect against later-life loneliness in both country clusters considered. Zusammenfassung Einsamkeit im Alter wird zunehmend als ein wichtiges Thema der öffentlichen Gesundheit anerkannt. In dieser Studie untersuchen wir anhand einer Gruppe von ost- und westeuropäischen Ländern, ob das Vorhandensein von mehr Kindern und Enkelkindern vor Einsamkeit im späteren Leben schützt. Anhand von Daten aus dem Generation and Gender Survey schätzen wir logistische Regressionsmodelle zur Wahrscheinlichkeit von Einsamkeit bei Männern und Frauen ab 65 Jahren. Sowohl in ost- als auch in westeuropäischen Ländern zeigen die Ergebnisse einen negativen Zusammenhang zwischen der Anzahl der Kinder und der Einsamkeit von Männern und Frauen. Eine Mediatoranalyse nach der KHB-Methode ergibt, dass der Status der Großelternschaft teilweise Unterschiede in den Einsamkeitsrisiken von kinderlosen Frauen, Müttern mit einem Kind und solchen mit zwei oder mehr Kindern erklärt. Bei den Männern ist die mediierende Rolle der Großelternschaft in Osteuropa signifikant und in den westlichen Ländern marginal signifikant. Angesichts des relativ großen Vertrauens älterer Menschen in die Familie in Osteuropa erwarten wir, dass Protektionseffekte von Nachkommen auf die Einsamkeit in den osteuropäischen Ländern stärker ist als in den westeuropäischen Ländern. Diese Hypothese wird nur teilweise durch unsere Ergebnisse bestätigt. Der Protektionseffekt von vier oder mehr Kindern ist im Osten größer als im Westen. Insgesamt deuten unsere Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass enge Familienmitglieder, darunter mehrere Kinder und mindestens ein Enkelkind, eine protektive Wirkung hinsichtlich Einsamkeit im Alter in beiden untersuchten Ländergruppen haben., JFR - Journal of Family Research, Vol 31 No 2 (2019): Families, health, and well-being

The COVID-19 pandemic forced a large number of people into telework. The change of working conditions was not done with the help of specialists or with the support from employers, resulting in improvisations that had negative consequences for employee health. The survey conducted by the Bureau of Social Research at the end of 2020 measured the impact of work from home on various health problems and body organs. The results clearly show a deterioration of the bones, muscles and joints, the mental system, the stomach, the eyes and the heart for an important segment of the employees. The most vulnerable people were those aged 40-60, PhD graduates, domiciled in medium and small cities, employed by the state in areas that had the greatest difficulties in adapting to digitization and working on online platforms: culture, education, public administration. As experts say that working from home will continue in the coming years even after the pandemic disappears, the deterioration of employees' health will intensify.

Understanding how people react to the COVID-19 crisis, and what the consequences are of the COVID-19 pandemic is key to enable public health and other agencies to develop optimal intervention strategies. Because the timely identification of new cases of infection has proven to be the key to timely respond to the spread of infection within a particular region, we have developed a method that can detect and predict the emergence of new cases of COVID-19 at an early stage. Further, this method can give useful insights into a family’s life during the pandemic and give the prediction of birth rates. The basic methodological concept of our approach is to monitor the digital trace of language searches with the Google Trends analytical tool (GT). We divided the keyword frequency for selected words giving us a search frequency index and then compared searches with official statistics to prove the significations of results. 1) Google Trends tools are suitable for predicting the emergence of new COVID-19 cases in Croatia. The data collected by this method correlate with official data. In Croatia search activities using GT for terms such as “PCR +COVID”, and symptoms “cough + corona”, “pneumonia + corona”; “muscle pain + corona” correlate strongly with officially reported cases of the disease. 2) The method also shows effects on family life, increase in stress, and domestic violence. 3) Birth rate in 2021 will be just 87% of what it would be “a normal year” in Croatia. 4) This tool can give useful insights into domestic violence. Unquestionably, there are still significant open methodological issues and the questionable integrity of the data obtained using this source. The fact is also a problem that GT does not provide data on which population was sampled or how it was structured. Although these open-ended issues pose serious challenges for making clear estimates, statistics offer a range of tools available to deal with imperfect data as well as to develop controls that take data quality into account. All these insights show that GT has the potential to capture attitudes in the broad spectrum of family life themes. The benefit of this method is reliable estimates that can enable public health officials to prepare and better respond to the possible return of a pandemic in certain parts of the country and the need for responses to protect family well-being. Keywords: Google trends, COVID-19, birth rates, domestic violence, Croatia, predicting demographic trends, family

In this article, we explore the experiences of survivors of human trafficking and sexual exploitation in Cambodia as they transition from living in trafficking-specific shelter facilities to living in the community. We analyzed data from Chab Dai's Butterfly Longitudinal Research (BLR) project, a 10-year longitudinal study with survivors of human trafficking and sexual exploitation in Cambodia utilizing a prospective panel design. We present findings from our analysis of 236 interviews and narrative summaries of interviews conducted with survivors between the years 2011 and 2016 (n=79). An interpretive phenomenological approach was used to understand survivors' experiences during this transition. Themes included: conflicted feelings about life in the community; difficulties completing school and securing employment; violence in the community; limited follow-up; unfulfilled expectations; feeling loved like a family member in the shelter, but abandoned in the community; vulnerability in the community due to dramatic differences between shelters and the community; and varied experiences with case closure. We underscore the importance of understanding and listening to the voices of survivors about their experiences in the anti-human trafficking sector and discuss implications for the design and implementation of services for survivors of human trafficking and sexual exploitation in Southeast Asia., Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, Vol 21, No 1 (2020): Qualitative Content Analysis II

Wie beeinflussen gesellschaftliche Faktoren die psychische Gesundheit? In welchen sozialen Kontext ist die Erfahrung von Migrantinnen zu verorten, die an Depression erkrankt sind? Die Soziologin Amina Trevisan ergründet hierzu Depressionserfahrungen migrierter Frauen aus Lateinamerika mit Methoden der Biographieforschung. 17 Migrantinnen erzählen ihre Krankheits- und Leidenserfahrungen sowie ihre Verarbeitungsstrategien. Sie drücken eigene Kompetenzen, aber auch viel soziales Leiden aus, das durch gesellschaftliche Bedingungen mitverursacht ist. Die Autorin kommt durch detaillierte Fallstudien zu Forschungsergebnissen, die den Zusammenhang zwischen Depressionserkrankung und gesellschaftlichen, migrations- und schichtspezifischen Faktoren verdeutlichen. Das Buch richtet sich an sozialwissenschaftlich Interessierte, an Praktizierende im Bereich Migration und Gesundheit sowie an Migrierte, Betroffene und Angehörige.

While overt forms of sexism in organisations are on the decline, covert ones are becoming the norm. This article argues that illegitimate tasks are a disguised form of gender-based discrimination and harassment. To support this argument, evidence is provided about the effects of sexism on occupational well-being that are caused by undertaking illegitimate tasks. The authors focus on the relationship between sexist organisational climate and illegitimate tasks and the resulting effects on job satisfaction and irritation. The empirical data used in the analyses were obtained from a cross-sectional study of a sample of German psychologists. After controlling for the effects of gender, the results provided evidence of the negative effects that a sexist organisational climate has on irritation and job satisfaction, mediated by illegitimate tasks. Während offensichtliche Formen des Sexismus in Organisationen zurückgehen, werden verdeckte Formen zur Regel. In diesem Artikel wird argumentiert, dass illegitime Aufgaben eine versteckte Form geschlechterspezifischer Diskriminierung und Belästigung darstellen. Zur Untermauerung dieses Arguments werden Belege für die Auswirkungen von Sexismus auf das berufliche Wohlergehen vorgelegt, die durch illegitime Aufgaben hervorgerufen werden. Insbesondere analysieren die Autorinnen den Zusammenhang zwischen sexistischem Betriebsklima und illegitimen Aufgaben sowie deren Auswirkungen auf die Arbeitszufriedenheit und die psychische Befindensbeeinträchtigung (Irritation). Die für die Analyse verwendeten empirischen Daten stammten aus einer Querschnittstudie mit einer Stichprobe deutscher Psycholog*innen. Auch nach Kontrolle des Effekts der Geschlechtszugehörigkeit belegen die Daten die negativen Auswirkungen von sexistischem Betriebsklima auf Irritation und Arbeitszufriedenheit, die durch die Übernahme illegitimer Aufgaben entstehen.

The pandemic's impact is often said to be overall negative. But how about the positive side-effects of COVID-19?

The scale of disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic is expected to adversely affect the mental health of a large number of people. In this Note, the author shares her strategies for dealing with uncertainty and anxiety. Recounting her personal experiences, she reveals how simple breathing exercises and meditation practices helped her accept and respond to a traumatic experience as well as an unexpected illness. A number of studies appear to support the view that breathing exercises and meditation can help people manage anxiety. It is suggested that these studies highlight the relevance and value of these practices in the current distressing conditions.

Der Übertritt vom Erwerbsleben in die Rente geht mit einer Vielzahl von Veränderungen einher. Neben den Veränderungen im Tagesrhythmus, sind auch das soziale Umfeld und die Identität eines Individuums betroffen. Dieser Einschnitt kann sowohl positive als auch negative Folgen für die Lebenszufriedenheit haben. Der aktuelle Forschungsstand präsentiert einerseits Belege für die Verschlechterung und andererseits auch für die Verbesserung der Lebenszufriedenheit mit dem Eintritt in die Rente. Gleichwohl gibt es Studien, die keinen Einfluss des Rentenübertritts auf die Lebenszufriedenheit feststellen können. Es zeigt sich, dass die Entwicklung der Lebenszufriedenheit wesentlich von der Erwerbsituation der Befragten und von den Bedingungen des Übertritts abhängt. Der folgende Beitrag gibt Einblick in die derzeitige Forschungslage zu den kurz- und langfristigen Folgen der Verrentung. Eine Langzeitbetrachtung der psychischen Folgen des Rentenübertritts ist auf wenige Länder beschränkt. Mit den vorliegenden Daten aus dem Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) können Unterschiede zwischen europäischen Ländern erfasst werden., Informationsdienst Soziale Indikatoren No. 64 (2020). Beginn und Erscheinungsfrequenz: Jahr: 1989, Ausgaben pro Jahr: 2, Social Indicators Information Service No. 64 (2020). Beginn und Erscheinungsfrequenz: Year: 1989, Issues per Year: 2, Social Indicators Information Service, Informationsdienst Soziale Indikatoren

The outbreak of COVID-19 and the quarantine affected Kosovo society by highlighting the media's role and importance in informing and raising citizen's citizens in a pandemic situation. At a time like this, besides the information and citizen's awareness, this situation was accompanied by a lot of fake news, complicating the social and psychological problems of the audience/citizens, leading to fear, anxiety, and social insecurity. Many media were driven by the desire of material interests, especially the online portals, social networks, etc., offering fake or false news to the public for the sole purpose of their material gain. This study aims to research the Kosovar media's role and impact during the pandemic and quarantine time. For this research, we have used the online questionnaire (Google Form) during July and August 2020. The target group was the population over 15 (N=908) in Kosovo's entire territory. T-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and other methods were used to analyze the data. The study results show that 51% of Kosovar citizens informed about COVID-19 during the pandemic and quarantine had used social networks. More than 63.7% of citizens were heavily influenced and, on average, by fake news. Fake news and misinformation from the media in Kosovo society hurt specific society categories, especially those with lower levels of education and social and economic problems, causing fear, social anxiety, and social insecurity.

Media comparisons are only valid within "zones of comparability." Either the level of participants' interactivity (i.e., the "syntactics" of what they do) has to be constant, while the content might vary, or the content of specific media (i.e., the "semantics" of what they encounter) has to be kept constant, while the level of interactivity with the content might vary. The present experiment varied the level of interactivity: Participants watched a violent scene from the movie The Matrix or reenacted the same scene in a Matrix-inspired first-person shooter game. Using the same violent content (shooting at Matrix guards), our results suggest that the higher the level of self-activation while being exposed to violent media content, the stronger the changes in aggressive dispositions as assessed with an aggressive self-concept Implicit Association Test. Ruling out confounders from previous research, unspecific arousal was not responsible for the obtained short-term increases in aggressive dispositions.

Due to the increasing central role of grandparenthood in later life, sound knowledge about its effects on older people’s health is more and more important. This paper examines the impact of becoming a grandparent, having more grandchildren, and engaging in grandchild care on depressive symptoms. Moreover, based on the structural ambivalence theory, we expect that such effects differ across contexts as (grand)childcare is differently organised across Europe. Taking advantage of the longitudinal structure of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), we estimate fixed-effects models. Our results show that women face a decline in depressive symptoms when becoming grandmothers, but neither an increase in the number of grandchildren nor changes in grandchild care are associated with changes in depressive symptoms. The analyses by country highlight differences across Europe, without, however, drawing a clear pattern. Our results show that depression consequences of grandparenthood also vary between countries characterised by similar roles of grandparents. This suggests the need to make available more refined questions about grandparenthood in surveys on older people. Zusammenfassung Aufgrund der zunehmend zentralen Rolle von Großelternschaft im späteren Leben wird fundiertes Wissen zu deren Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheit älterer Menschen immer wichtiger. Dieses Papier untersucht die Auswirkungen des Übergangs in die Großelternschaft der Geburt weiterer Enkelkinder sowie des Engagements in der Enkelkinderbetreuung auf depressive Symptome. Überdies erwarten wir auf der Grundlage der Theorie der strukturellen Ambivalenz, dass sich die Stärke dieser Effekte zwischen verschiedenen Kontexten unterscheidet, da die (Enkel-)Kinderbetreuung innerhalb Europas unterschiedlich organisiert ist. Unter Nutzung der Längsschnittstruktur des Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) schätzen wir Fixed-Effects-Modelle. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Frauen einen Rückgang der depressiven Symptome erleben, wenn sie erstmals Großmütter werden, aber weder eine Erhöhung der Anzahl der Enkelkinder noch Veränderungen in der Enkelkinderbetreuung sind mit Veränderungen der depressiven Symptomatik verbunden. Die Analysen nach Ländern zeigen Unterschiede innerhalb Europas auf, ohne dass jedoch ein klares Muster zu erkennen ist. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die depressionsbezogenen Folgen einer Großelternschaft auch zwischen Ländern variieren, in denen die Rollen der Großeltern ähnlich geprägt sind. Dies legt nahe, dass in Umfragen unter älteren Menschen die Fragen zur Großelternschaft weiterentwickelt werden müssen., JFR - Journal of Family Research, Vol 31 No 2 (2019): Families, health, and well-being

The study investigates the prevalence of obesity and depression, and the strength of association between variables in a sample of adolescents in the North of Mexico. A sample of 849 adolescents was evaluated with the Depression Scale for Children. The results showed a high prevalence of depressive symptoms in adolescents who are overweight and obese (57.9%). The Obesity is not related statistically with the Depression rate and no association between variables was found when calculated by gender. The study could not confirm a relationship between obesity and depression, but the high prevalence of depressive symptoms in the studied population is of special interest, no matter the weight group they belong.

The social exclusion of children is problematic for two reasons. Young people typically inherit their marginal position from their family, and therefore cannot be held responsible for their hardship themselves; and social exclusion in childhood may affect their wellbeing and subsequent development, possibly leading to a “scarring effect” in later life. In this contribution we develop an instrument for measuring social exclusion among children. Social exclusion is regarded as a theoretical construct with four sub-dimensions: material deprivation, limited social participation, inadequate access to social rights, and a lack of normative integration. First we analyse data from a survey of 2,200 Dutch children, which contains a large set of social exclusion items. We applied nonlinear principal components analysis in order to construct a multidimensional scale. Measured in this way, the prevalence of social exclusion among children is 4.5%. Boys and children living in large families are more likely to experience social exclusion than girls and children with few siblings. The parental level of education and dependency on social security benefits are also important driving factors of childhood social exclusion. Subsequently we investigate the scarring effect. Longitudinal administrative income and household data covering 25 years were combined with a new survey of just under 1,000 Dutch adults, a third of whom were poor as a child. The survey assessed their past and current degree of social exclusion, and their health and psychosocial development, educational career, past family circumstances, etc. In an absolute sense scarring turns out to have been limited during this period: a very large majority of those who were poor or excluded as a child are above the threshold values in adult life. However, the “descendants of hardship” are still more likely to be socially excluded as adults than people who grew up in more favourable conditions. A causal analysis suggests that low educational achievements are the main mediator of scarring risks.

Welche Arbeitssituationen sind psychisch belastend? Wie gehen Organisationen mit psychischen Erkrankungen um? Und wie wird die Erwerbsarbeit in Therapien thematisiert? Die Autor_innen analysieren Fälle psychisch erkrankter Beschäftigter interdisziplinär und zeigen auf, welche Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten es an den Schnittstellen von Gesundheitssystem und betrieblicher Wiedereingliederung gibt. Which work situations are emotionally challenging? How do organizations deal with mental disorders? And how is work made a subject of discussion in therapy? The authors analyze the cases of employees suffering from mental disorders interdisciplinarily and show what options for improvement there are at the interfaces of the health system and the reintegration to the work place.

Animosity to acid attacks is deliberated as foulest acts, a form of gender terrorism within the feminist read. It's a form of vicious violence outlined as acid throwing or Vitriolage. In India, there are component varied incident were reported, as most precarious victimization of individuals by deforming their body. The condition of victims of acid attacks is unit in serious frustrating their entire life. Acid victimization has deliberated globally and even several countries area unit sensitizing the problems so as to virtuously strengthen the victims. The prominence influence is to be deliberated in victim purpose of reading, firstly, whether or not specifically on raising the condition of victims by judicial reforms and with antagonistic services or arduous the criminals for victim satisfaction Second, interference of Women victimization particularly in acid attacks, thirdly, however victims ought to live their entire life once the tragic incidents Supported to these higher problems this paper endeavors to interpret the psychological condition of victims of acid attacks their agony and additionally the revolution within the criminal justice compelling the primary phases in determining the complete crime issues and additionally sway on society. Chandrashekar.S.V | Eldo Johny " Animosity towards Acid Attacks - Critical Study on Acid Victimization" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2381.pdf

Women are traditionally considered to be confined within the four walls of their houses in the developing countries. They are still unable to play an active role in the development of society. They are striving to make their identity as an integral part of the society. Being a member of conservative developing society, women are still facing many hindrances, causing stressful situation for them, which prohibits them to participate actively in the economic development. This paper attempts to explore the critical factors creating stress among Pakistani working women. Based on literature review, the key stressors were identified to be as work life balance, gender discrimination, peers’ behaviour, lack of promotional opportunities and sexual harassment. These factors were found to be creating physiological, behavioural and psychological problems. The target of this study was the women working in secretarial and administrative positions in Pakistani organisations. Regression analysis was conducted to find out the impact of these stressors on working women. The results revealed that sexual harassment, peers’ behaviour and lack of promotional opportunities were the most dominant stressors.

This article focuses on some of the negative aspects of cyberspace and cyberculture. First, it offers an examination of the impact of our use of social media, and Facebook in particular, on our psyches, pointing out that users of social media can be thought of as audiences. These audiences and information about them can be sold to marketers and advertisers. Next, it offers a case study of a widespread social problem in Japan, more than a million media-obsessed Japanese young men (and some young women), the hikikomori, who shut themselves off from society for months or years at a time. This is followed by a discussion of the impact of mobiles, primarily smartphones, on American adolescents, some of whom text one hundred messages a day to their friends. The effects of the enormous amount of face-time young people spend with screens - around ten hours per day - are also considered. Finally, there is an examination of the impact that Amazon.com, the leading e-commerce Internet site, has had on American shopping practices and American culture and society. The article concludes with a discussion of the work of Hubert Dreyfus about some negative effects of the Internet and, by implication, cyberspace and cyberculture, which, he argues, drain life of meaning.

Leseprobe ----- Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag stellt qualitative und quantitative Ergebnisse aus der Forschung zur Lebenssituation von lesbischen, schwulen, bisexuellen, transidenten und queeren jungen Menschen vor. Viele von ihnen machen nach dem Coming-out Erfahrungen mit Ausgrenzung, Diskriminierung und Gewalt. Dies hat negative Auswirkungen auf ihre psychische und physische Gesundheit. Am Ende wird eine partizipativere Ausrichtung der Forschung zu diesen Themen angeregt und deren Nutzen diskutiert. Schlagworter: Homosexualitat, Bisexualitat, Transidentitat, Diskriminierung, Jugendforschung, queer ----- „LGBT* Youths and Young Adults: No Issue for Research?“ Abstract The article resumes qualitative and quantiative results of research on the situation of young lesbian, gay, bisexual, transsexual and queer people. After their coming-out many of them experience exclusion, discrimination and violence. This leads to negative effects on their mental and physical health. At the end a participatory orientation in research is proposed and its benefits are discussed. Keywords: homosexuality, bisexuality, transidentity, discrimination, youth research, queer ----- Bibliographie : Timmermanns, Stefan: „LSBT*-Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene: (K)Ein Thema fur die Jugendforschung?!“, Diskurs Kindheits- und Jugendforschung, 2-2017, S. 131-143. https://doi.org/10.3224/diskurs.v12i2.01

Despite advances in knowledge and understanding about the impacts of domestic violence on women's lives, global research on violence against women shows there is a need for research that not only places women centre stage in research praxis, but also that involves them more collaboratively in genuine dialogue about their experiences, including their agentic stances. This is especially the case for marginalised and socially excluded women victims of domestic violence, such as those who are not known or do not present to services and who survive abusive relationships alone or with little outside support. Evidence from two studies reported here—secondary analysis of women with severe and enduring mental health problems and a collaborative narrative project with unsupported women victims of domestic violence—suggest that women's capacity for agency are compromised by a number of critical factors, and that these are also reflected in the tensions between micro–macro analyses and understanding of the impact of domestic violence on women. This article considers the barriers to women's agency from the women's perspective and in the context of broader, systemic dynamics, including the denial or obscuring of abuse by governments and states and the consequences of stringent fiscal retrenchment that put women at increased risk of domestic violence.

Objective: to review the scientific evidence on the links between substance abuse and violence in the female universe. Methods: integrative review on the basis of Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences Data, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health. The revision process was guided by the question: what is the relationship between substance abuse and violence in the feminine universe? Results: from the literature search we identified 16 primary studies. The synthesis of knowledge showed multiple face of violence against women, the risk factors associated with emphasis on the use of psychoactive substances. Conclusion: evidence suggests that violence against women can be physical, psychological and sexual. These bring significant implications for the physical and mental health of the victim, making emergent the implementation of effective measures that help to reduce this problem and to minimize the consequences.

Cyberbullying is a relatively new phenomenon associated with the widespread adoption of various digital communication technologies, including the internet and mobile phones. As of 2013, nearly 20% of youths in grades 9–12 in the US reported being traditionally bullied in face-to-face encounters while almost 15% reported being cyberbullied (Kann et al., 2014). Bullying victimization is associated with a variety of behavioral and psychological effects, from becoming bullies themselves (i.e., bully-victims), to poor academic performance, depression and suicidal ideation (Nansel et al., 2001; Wang, Nansel, & Iannotti, 2011; Willard, 2007). Research on these phenomena has focused primarily on white youth, leaving a void in our understanding of how cyberbullying has affected youth of color. This narrative literature review addresses this oversight by providing an overview of recent cyberbullying research that focuses on Hispanic, Asian and black adolescents (k=15). We found that youth of color appear to be less likely to experience cyberbullying than white youth but they experience suicidal ideation and attempts at about the same rates when they do experience cyberbullying.

Objectives: to know the perception of chronic renal patients undergoing hemodialysis about the disease, list the expectations, changes and social relationships after the establishment of the diagnosis. Method: this is a qualitative descriptive research approach developed in a hemodialysis unit in the Northeast of Brazil with 39 patients affected by CKF. A semi-structured interview guide was used for data collection. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee for Research CAAE: 14153513.2.0000.5180, Case nº.147/431. Data were analyzed with conceptual basis of the Collective Subject Discourse (CSD). Results: the categories that emerged from the discourse of respondents were: Rim paralyzed; Lack of knowledge; limitations; optimism; hopelessness; support; Prejudice and isolation. Conclusion: the daily life of hemodialysis patients requires changing eating habits, water restrictions, travel is not possible because the frequency of sessions, work deprivation and activities of daily living due to the weakness imposed by the treatment.

Garantizar una educación de calidad implica contar con un ambiente adecuado, propicio al desarrollo de los estudiantes; no obstante, la violencia infantil es uno de los factores que aún afecta el ambiente escolar. Dado este problema, el objetivo del presente estudio es explorar el efecto a mediano plazo del uso del castigo físico por parte del docente en el rendimiento de los estudiantes en la sierra. Esto debido a que la sierra es una de las regiones más vulnerables por los altos índices de pobreza, analfabetismo y desnutrición infantil. Haciendo uso de la base de datos del estudio longitudinal Niños del Milenio y del Censo Escolar, se estimó un modelo de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios (MCO) así como un modelo de propensity score matching (PSM) para calcular el efecto de la violencia en el rendimiento de estudiantes de escuelas públicas en la sierra. Los resultados muestran que ser víctima de castigo corporal a los 8 años de edad afecta de manera negativa el rendimiento en matemáticas y vocabulario a los 12 años, aun luego de controlar por características del niño, de la familia y la escuela. Asimismo, se encontró que, aunque los niños varones son más propensos a ser víctimas de este tipo de violencia, el efecto en el rendimiento es diferenciado, siendo más perjudicial para las niñas. Ensuring a quality education means having a suitable environment for students' development. In Peru, violence against children is one of the factors that continues to affect this environment. Due to this fact, the objective of the study is to explore the medium-term effect of teachers' use of corporal punishment in the highlands on students' achievement. Due to its high poverty, illiteracy, and malnutrition rates, the highlands is one of the most vulnerable regions in Peru. Using data from the Longitudinal Young Lives Study and the School Census, an OLS model as well as a Propensity Score Matching were performed to estimate the effect of teachers' violence on students' achievement from public schools in the highlands. Results show that being a victim of corporal punishment at the age of 8 years old negatively affects students' achievement in math and vocabulary at age 12, even after other characteristics of the child, family, and school are controlled. It was also found that although boys are more likely to be victims of such violence, the effect on achievement is heterogeneous, and more harmful for girls than boys.

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo, analizar el impacto psicosocial que el conflicto armado tiene en la salud mental individual y comunitaria de 30 mujeres cabeza de hogar en situación de desplazamiento forzado en el departamento del Quindío. Para ello se aplicó una ficha de caracterización, la cual indicó que el 53% de las mujeres desplazadas no siente que controla su vida emocional, un 90% no accede a redes de apoyo social y el 70% no cuenta con relaciones de comunicación positiva en la familia. Igualmente, muchas de ellas no tienen oportunidades educativas permanentes (70%) considerándose excluidas y señaladas por la comunidad (47%). El estudio indicó que el 80% no ha solicitado asistencia psicológica y que un 67% piensa que la comunidad favorece el acceso a recursos y servicios por lo que su vida cultural y social es activa (70%).Abstract:This research aims to analyze the psychosocial impact caused by the armed conflict both on the individual and the community mental health of 30 women-headed households in a situation of displacement in the State of Quindío. For such a purpose, a characterization card was applied, which showed that 53% of displaced women are not able to control their emotional life, 90% do not have access to social support networks, and 70% do not have positive communication relations within the family. Also, many of them do not have permanent educational opportunities (70%) considered themselves excluded and pointed at by the Community (47%). The study indicated that 80% did not request psychological assistance and 67% think that the community favors the access to resources and services, which makes their cultural and social life active (70%)

This paper investigates the relationship between parental divorce and the occurrence of depressive symptoms in adolescents, with a particular focus on the quality of parent-child relationships. We use data from the youth cohort (15-17 years old at the time of the first interview) of the first four waves of the Panel Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics (abbreviated as pairfam). Panel regressions models, such as fixedeffects models and so-called hybrid models are applied to analyze the causal effects of parental divorce. Our results confirm previous research, in particular from English-speaking countries, that parental divorce or separation increase depressive symptoms significantly. This effect is particularly relevant in high-conflict relationships between children and their mother and father, respectively, while in parent-child relations characterized by high levels of intimacy the negative effects are considerably reduced. Zusammenfassung Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht mit aktuell verfügbaren Längsschnittdaten den Zusammenhang zwischen elterlichen Trennungen und der Depressivität von Jugendlichen. Hierbei werden insbesondere die zugrundeliegenden Beziehungsdynamiken zwischen Eltern und ihren Kindern berücksichtigt. Ziel ist es, mit aktuellen, repräsentativen Daten, die überwiegend aus dem angloamerikanischen Raum stammenden Ergebnisse zum Zusammenhang zwischen elterlichen Trennungen und der Depressivität von Jugendlichen für Deutschland zu untersuchen. Für die empirischen Analysen wird die Jugendkohorte des Beziehungs- und Familienpanels (pairfam) und hierbei die Daten der ersten vier Wellen aufbereitet. Es werden erstmals für den deutschen Kontext sowohl fixed-effects-Modelle als auch sogenannte Hybrid-Modelle gerechnet, um stärker unverzerrte, intraindividuelle Veränderungen zu erfassen. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen den Befund, dass eine elterliche Trennung während des Jugendalters trotz der hohen Verbreitung und allgemeinen Akzeptanz von Trennungen und Scheidungen die Depressivität von Jugendlichen signifikant erhöht. Dieser Befund trifft jedoch vor allem für konflikthafte Familienbeziehungen zu, während Beziehungen, die auf Intimität und Geborgenheit ausgerichtet sind, den Effekt der Scheidung deutlich reduzieren und eine erfolgreichere Anpassung bewirken., JFR - Journal of Family Research, Vol 27 No 1 (2015)

Objective: verifying in the literature the scientific production about the feelings of women victims of burns. Method: we conducted searches in research databases, through a research protocol based on the steps of the integrative review method, establishing goals, guiding question, searching strategies, selection of studies, data collection and the creation of spreadsheet for a critical evaluation of the studies. Results: 70 articles were found, of which we selected 17 from the established inclusion criteria. Conclusion: It was concluded that the burn is among the most serious trauma that affects women's health, because besides the physical problems, it also generates disorders in their body image, resulting in psychological and social problems.

This is an exploratory research that aims to analyze the psychological characteristics in analyzing the human figure in 45 displaced children in Colombia. The study was conducted in the State of Quindío, based on the application of the Karen Machover - Human Figure Drawing Test to children in a situation of forced displacement. Many children experience problems adjusting to new environments of socialization as a result of the aftermath of the armed conflict, which are made evident in conflict areas projected in the drawing, such as head, facial expressions, limbs, trunk and scarcity of movement. The conflict persists of symbolic forms in children, which hinders their social skills, family relationship and learning, showing in many cases defensive reactions such as high levels of anxiety, depression and self-absorption, as well as impulsivity, aggression, and challenging abilities. Esta es una investigación exploratoria cuyo objetivo es analizar las características psicológicas proyectadas en el dibujo de la figura humana en 45 niños y niñas en situación de desplazados en Colombia. El estudio se ha realizó en el departamento del Quindío, a partir de la aplicación del Test del Dibujo de la Figura Humana de Karen Machover a niños y niñas en situación de desplazamiento forzado. Muchos niños y niñas presentan problemas de ajuste a los nuevos entornos de socialización como efecto de las secuelas del conflicto armado evidentes en áreas conflictivas proyectadas en el dibujo tales como cabeza, expresiones faciales, extremidades, tronco y escases de movimiento. El conflicto persiste de formas simbólicas en los niños y niñas, lo cual dificulta sus habilidades sociales, la relación intrafamiliar y el aprendizaje, mostrando en muchos casos reacciones defensivas tales como, elevados niveles de ansiedad, depresión, ensimismamiento, al igual que impulsividad, agresión y aptitudes desafiantes.

Using data of the German Family Panel pairfam, this article examines whether relationship-related transitions among adolescents and adults – separations with or without subsequent new relationships and transitions from being single to a relationship – impact different aspects of their relationship with their parents (contact frequency, intimacy, and conflict). Several competing hypotheses are tested. The resource hypothesis, following a supply-side argumentation, posits that relationships generate resources (i.e. social capital) that facilitate exchange with parents; relationship breakup implies resource deprivation and produces strain, which adversely affects the parent-child relationship (spillover hypothesis). According to the demand-based compensation hypothesis, horizontal relationships and vertical intergenerational relations are substitutively associated with each other; hence, exchanges between generations should be strongest when children are not involved in romantic relationships. The analyses yield evidence in line with both the compensation hypothesis (particularly among adolescents) and the spillover hypothesis (among adults). The effects are largely gender neutral., Comparative Population Studies, Vol 40, No 3 (2015): Research on Divorce: Causes and Consequences

The detrimental impact of poverty on child behavioral problems is well-established, but the mechanisms that explain this relationship are less well-known. Using data from the Families in Germany Study on parents and their children at ages 9-10 (middle childhood), this study extends previous research by examining whether or not and to what extent different parenting styles and parents' subjective well-being explain the relationship between poverty and child behavior problems. The results show that certain parenting styles, such as psychological control, as well as mothers' life satisfaction partially mediate the correlation between poverty and child behavioral problems.

Research on bereavement has traditionally focussed on widowhood as either a social or individual event, but rarely under both perspectives. Furthermore, little is known whether existing research results mirror period or cohort effects. The aim of this article is to investigate constancies and changes in the retrospective perception of the challenges of widowhood of elderly women and men living in different decades in Switzerland. Data stem from three questionnaire studies with 1.197 widowed men and women (aged 65-102 years) carried out in 1979, 1994, and 2011. Results reveal that the subjective interpretations mirror the significant improvement of the economic and social situation of widowed individuals in Switzerland over the last decades, particularly for women. In contrast, no significant time effects can be observed with regard to the psychological challenges of marital loss in old age (redefinition of sense of life, feelings of loneliness). These findings suggest, that even in good socio-economic conditions widowhood remains psychologically a critical life event. Zusammenfassung Bisherige Forschung hat die Verwitwung entweder primär als soziales oder als individuelles Ereignis untersucht, selten jedoch wurden beide Perspektiven verbunden. Zudem ist wenig darüber bekannt, inwiefern bisherige Forschungsergebnisse Perioden- oder Kohorteneffekte wiederspiegeln. In diesem Beitrag wird die persönliche Bilanzierung nach der Verwitwung älterer Schweizer Frauen und Männer im Geschlechterund Zeitvergleich untersucht1. Die Datenbasis beruht auf Befragungen von 1.197 verwitweten Frauen und Männern (Alter: 65-102 Jahre), welche 1979, 1994 und 2011 durchgeführt wurden. Während sich die wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Rahmenbedingungen nach einer Verwitwung –namentlich bei Frauen – im Zeitvergleich verbessert haben, zeigen sich bezüglich psychischer Herausforderungen einer Verwitwung keine periodenspezifischen Veränderungen. Psychisch bleibt der Partnerverlust auch bei günstigen Sozialbedingungen ein kritisches Lebensereignis, das individualisiert bewältigt werden muss., Journal of Family Research, Vol 25 No 3 (2013)

This article describes the varieties of relations with African immigrant interviewees in Tuscany as experienced by a white male interviewer from the United States. Franz FANON's discussion of the psycho-affective consequences of colonialism is vital for understanding how naïve and romantic notions of fieldwork relations are disingenuous, counter-productive and perhaps destructive in a neo-colonial landscape. URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1401125, Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, Vol 15, No 1 (2014)

La violencia doméstica es un grave problema social con serias consecuencias sobre el bienestar emocional, físico y económico de la mujer y sus hijos. Diversos estudios en los campos de la psicología y la sociología plantean que su existencia persiste a lo largo de varias generaciones en una misma familia. Así, las víctimas que conviven en hogares violentos desde su infancia, ven limitadas sus posibilidades de desarrollo personal a lo largo de su vida y las de su descendencia. Sobre la base de la investigación de Ribero y Sánchez (2005), para el caso colombiano, este estudio revisó empíricamente el presente planteamiento a partir de un análisis de regresión de probabilidad controlado por una serie de variables asociadas a las características personales, culturales y del entorno de residencia de la encuestada. Se encontró que el hecho de haber vivido en un hogar materno violento durante la infancia y adolescencia es un determinante importante de la violencia en la vida marital, lo que constituye un escenario de transmisión intergeneracional de la violencia doméstica: las mujeres de hogares en los que ella y su madre eran agredidas tienen un 66% de probabilidades de sufrir algún tipo de maltrato por parte de su pareja, mientras que aquellas de hogares pacíficos alcanzan un 38%. Este efecto es especialmente considerable para las mujeres de cohortes más antiguas y con limitado acceso a la información en su ámbito de residencia. Esa realidad conduce a reconocer la necesidad de reforzar las intervenciones de prevención basadas en la promoción de los derechos de la mujer con un enfoque que considere estas características particulares y permita romper con estereotipos sobre los roles de género en la familia y sociedad y, junto con ello, fortalecer las redes de protección social.

This article analyses the risk of receiving online sexual messages and experiencing harm among Estonian children. In particular, the paper examines the association between receiving sexual messages and behavioural, psychological and demographic characteristics, and the social mediation of children’s Internet use. Estonian data from ‘EU Kids Online’ survey are used, involving 780 children aged 11-16. Results demonstrate that 19% of children who use the Internet have received online sexual messages, and 6% have felt disturbed. The probability of receiving sexual messages online is higher for children with risky online and offl ine behaviour and psychological diffi culties. Perceiving online messages as sexually harassing is higher among children with excessive Internet use, lower levels of parental monitoring and higher levels of peer mediation of Internet use. The risk of exposure to harassing sexual messages also diff ers by age and, more notably, by the minority status. Mediation by parents and teachers plays an insignifi cant role in reducing teenagers’ risks of receiving sexual messages., Studies of Transition States and Societies, Vol 4, No 2 (2012)

„Sie ist schon uberall, egal, ob in Softwareunternehmen oder in der Medienbranche, bei Versicherungsmaklern, Konzern-Managern, Audi-Arbeitern, Eliteathleten, Studenten oder Schulrektoren: Die bislang versteckte Krankheit Depression grassiert immer sichtbarer und erzwingt den millionenfachen Ausstieg. Nichts geht mehr. Schlaflosigkeit, Schattenwelten, Apathie, Schmerzen, Angste, Panik und das Gefuhl der Ohnmacht, es nicht mehr bis zum nachsten Moment schaffen zu konnen, werden zum versteinerten Alltag.“ Mit diesen Worten beginnt Ines Geipel, ehemalige DDR-Leistungssportlerin und heute Schriftstellerin, ihr Buch uber den Zusammenhang zwischen Depression und Leistungsdruck (Geipel 2010: 7); es ist wesentlich durch die Selbsttotung des Hannoveranischen Fusballtorwarts Robert Enke im Oktober 2009 veranlasst, mit dem die Autorin eine gemeinsame Spitzenathleten-Vergangenheit des extremen Leistungsdrucks und entsprechender Versagensangste teilt. Dass am Tag nach seinem Tod seine Witwe offentlich im Fernsehen uber Enkes Depression, den gemeinsamen Kampf dagegen und die letztendliche Niederlage sprach und dass wenig spater in einem Fusballstadion 40.000 Fusballfans an einer bewegenden Trauerfeier fur ein Depressionsopfer teilnahmen, signalisiert eine deutliche Veranderung in dem, was in der deutschen Offentlichkeit als akzeptables Thema gilt. Man sollte sich uber die Konsequenzen im extrem konkurrenz-gepragten Wirtschaftssystem des Profi-Fusballs keinerlei Illusionen machen; dass die Person des Munchener Fusballprofis Sebastian Deisler, der 2007 wegen offentlich bekannter Depressionen (nachdem er schon 2003 aus diesem Grund ausgesetzt hatte) aus dem Profi-Fusball ausgeschieden ist, vollig in der Versenkung verschwunden ist, spricht fur sich. Trotzdem kommt dieser neuen Dimension der Offentlichkeit fur eine viele Jahre lang tabuisierte Krankheit eine erhebliche Aussagekraft uber gesellschaftliche Veranderungen zu, die weit uber Fusball und Spitzensport hinausgehen. Depressionen sind offensichtlich zum nicht mehr ignorierbaren gesellschaftlichen Massenphanomen geworden, das zudem wegen seiner wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen zwangslaufig Aufmerksamkeit einfordert. Diese soll in diesem Beitrag auf die Arbeitswelt, einen bislang eher unterbelichteten Bereich der Verursachung depressiver Erkrankungen, gelenkt werden und fur die Frage interessiert werden, ob und inwiefern hier gesellschaftliche Strukturveranderungen und Entwicklungstendenzen Ausdruck finden, die uns uber den engeren Bereich von Arbeit und Beschaftigung hinaus Erkenntnisse uber unsere gegenwartige Gesellschaft gewinnen lassen. Folgendes soll dargestellt werden

'Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg kamen in ganz Österreich und Deutschland sogenannte 'Besatzungskinder' auf die Welt: als Folge freiwilliger sexueller Beziehungen zwischen einheimischen Frauen und Besatzungsangehörigen, aber auch als Folge von Vergewaltigungen. Sie galten als 'Kinder des Feindes', obwohl die Väter de jure keine Feinde mehr waren, und waren - gemeinsam mit ihren Müttern - meist unterschiedlichen Formen von Diskriminierung ausgesetzt. Gerade Kinder sowjetischer Besatzungsangehöriger bildeten eine 'ideale' Angriffsfläche für rassische, ideologische und moralische Vorurteile, was zum Teil auch eine Folge der NS-Propaganda darstellte. 'Russenkind' oder auch 'Russenbalg' war noch in den 1960er Jahren ein gebräuchliches Schimpfwort. Gemäß Stalins Politik waren Eheschließungen zwischen sowjetischen Soldaten und österreichischen bzw. deutschen Frauen so gut wie ausgeschlossen. Die meisten Armeeangehörigen wurden sogar zurück in die UdSSR versetzt, sobald eine derartige Liaison publik wurde. Jahrzehntelang war ein Kontakt beinahe unmöglich. Somit wuchs die Mehrheit der 'Besatzungskinder' als eine vaterlose Generation auf. Die Suche nach dem Vater ist für viele der Betroffenen Zeit ihres Lebens ein Thema. Im Vordergrund steht die Ergründung der eigenen Identität, die Frage nach den persönlichen Wurzeln.' (Autorenreferat), 'After the Second World War, so-called 'children of occupation' were born all over Austria and Germany: as a result of voluntary sexual encounters between local women and foreign occupation troops, but also as a consequence of rape. They were often regarded as 'children of the enemy' and - together with their mothers - were frequently discriminated against. Especially the children of Soviet occupation troops were confronted with racial, ideological and moral prejudice that can be traced back to the Nazi era. 'Russenkind' ('Russian child') or 'Russenbalg' ('Russian brat') were common abusive words up to the 1960s. In accordance with Stalin's policy, weddings between Soviet soldiers and Austrian or German women were practically impossible. Most soldiers or officers were even sent back to the USSR when their liaisons with local women became known. For several decades hardly any contact was feasible. Thus the majority of 'children of occupation' grew up as a fatherless generation. Many of them have been in search of their biological fathers, regardless of the difficulty of obtaining any reliable information. This is linked with the desire to explore one's own identity and look for one's personal roots.' (author's abstract)

"Die These, dass Armut negativ auf das Wohlbefinden und die Partizipationschancen der Betroffenen wirkt, ist populär und weithin anerkannt. Ursache und Wirkung, Entwicklungsprozesse und erklärende Mechanismen sind aber bislang wenig untersucht worden. Welche Konsequenzen hat Armut für kulturelle, politische und zivilgesellschaftliche Partizipation sowie für subjektives Wohlbefinden in Deutschland zwischen 1984 und 2006? Mit Hilfe von soziologischen und sozialpsychologischen Erklärungsansätzen wird geprüft, ob und in welcher Weise Armut weitere Benachteiligungen nach sich zieht (Kumulation). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Armut zu Einbußen beim Wohlbefinden und zu rückläufiger Partizipation führt, obwohl mehrheitlich eine selektive, schon vorher benachteiligte Gruppe verarmt. Finanzielle Restriktionen werden nicht mit sozialen und kulturellen Aktivitäten kompensiert, und es gibt nur schwache Hinweise auf Anpassungsprozesse. Die Reaktionen unterscheiden sich nach betrachtetem Lebensbereich und vorangegangener Einkommensposition. Für Mittelschicht-Absteiger sind negative Effekte auf das Wohlbefinden ausgeprägter. Politisches Interesse reagiert nicht auf Armutserfahrungen. Vergleichsprozesse und stabile Persönlichkeitseigenschaften spielen als Erklärungen eine wichtige Rolle." (Autorenreferat) "It is quite popular to assume that poverty influences well-being and participation chances negatively. However, up to now little is known about causes and consequences, related developments and explaining mechanisms. Which consequences does poverty have for cultural and political participation, civic engagement as well as for subjective well-being in Germany between 1984 and 2006? Sociological and socio-psychological theories are consulted in order to provide hypothesis about if and how poverty leads to other non-monetary disadvantages. Results show that participations chances and wellbeing decrease when people descend into poverty, although the majority of the poor is a selective group that suffers from low quality of life even before. Financial losses are not compensated with social or cultural activities. Adaptation does not show up. However, reactions differ according to different life domains and pre-poverty income position. For the poor coming from the middle class downgrades in subjective well-being are distinctive. Political interest is not related to poverty experiences. Comparisons with reference groups and stable personality traits can offer important explanations." (author's abstract)