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Depression is a prevalent and disabling mental disorder that frequently co-occurs with a wide range of chronic conditions. Past evidence suggests that depression could be associated with the all-cause mortality and other disease mortality in Western populations, but little is known about the relationship in the Chinese population. Therefore, we investigated the associations between self-reported depression and all-cause and specific-cause mortality in Chinese adult populations.The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to measure depressive symptoms among 8,151 adult participants drawn from the general population of Guizhou province, China. Participants death and cause of death were determined by linking with the official death records and certificates up to June 2021. Cause of death was coded according to ICD-10 then categorized as either cardiovascular disease (CVD, I00-I99), cancer (C00-C97) or other cause. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to examine the associations of self-reported depression with all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality.With a median follow-up of 7.4 years, 8,151 participants (52.6% women) at baseline were included in the analysis. The multivariable cox hazard regression models showed that participants with moderate and major depression had the highest hazard ratio (HR) for risk of all-cause mortality (HR=5.65, 95% CI 3.09-10.33), CVD mortality (HR=5.66, 95% CI 2.02-15.84), and cancer mortality (HR=7.21, 95% CI 2.00-25.99), compared with participants had no or mild depression.Our findings suggested that depression was a risk factor for mortality, with greater risk for greater severity. Clinicians should be aware of the increased risk of mortality in populations with depression.

Although a significant proportion of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) cases arose from normal-weight individuals, studies on indicators of T2DM in normal-weight people are limited. Accordingly, this study aims to investigate the predictive value of obesity indices and triglyceride glucose-related parameters (TyG-related parameters) in T2DM among normal-weight Chinese elderly. A total of 24,215 normal-weight Chinese elderly (age ≥ 60 years) [body mass index–BMI (18.5–23.9 kg/m2)] were included. Obesity indices and triglyceride glucose-related parameters (TyG-related parameters) included waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), and TyG-related parameters (TyG, TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, and TyG-WHtR). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the associations between obesity- and TyG-related indices and T2DM. The areas under the curve (AUC) of the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to evaluate and compare the predictive value of the different indices. The prevalence of T2DM was 14.2% in normal-weight individuals. Among the indices, TyG was significantly associated with T2DM among men and women, respectively, (adjusted odds ratio–aOR per SD 3.46; 95% CI 3.23–3.71) and (aOR per SD 3.64; 95% CI 3.43–3.86). Compared with other indices, TyG had the highest AUC value for T2DM in men (AUC: 0.818, 95% CI 0.810–0.825) and women (AUC: 0.824, 95% CI 0.814–0.833). TyG is an effective marker and outperforms other indices when predicting T2DM in the normal-weight Chinese elderly population. Level V: Opinions of authorities, based on descriptive studies, narrative reviews, clinical experience, or reports of expert committees.

To investigate the impact of 10 common foods (including staple foods, fruits, vegetables, sugar, meat, fish, eggs, beans, salt-preserved vegetables, and garlic) on cognitive function in Chinese older adults.Cross-sectional data on demographic characteristics, lifestyle, and dietary habits were taken from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). Cognition was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Food consumption was measured by participants reporting the frequency of their food consumption. Association between food groups and cognitive function was evaluated using mixed-effect regression model analysis.Compared with those who rarely or never consumed vegetables, meat, fruits, beans, and garlic, older adults who consumed these foods almost daily were 56%, 30%, 23%, 34%, and 29% less likely to have cognitive impairment, respectively. No associations between staple foods, sugar, fish, and eggs consumption and cognitive impairment were found. Low-frequency consumption of salt-preserved vegetables may be associated with cognitive function. Regular vegetables consumption had the greatest associated risk reduction of all food types. Interactions indicated that the co-ingestion of vegetables and beans or sugar, meat and beans may have antagonistic effect, while the co-ingestion of salt-preserved vegetables and garlic may have synergistic effect. Subgroup analyses showed that sex and age were the significant effect modifiers for meat and fish, respectively.Cognitive function of Chinese older adults may be related to food groups. Future research should measure food types and consumption level with greater granularity.

Previous studies show inconsistent associations between niacin supplementation and diabetes mellitus (DM) in high-risk population, but little is known about the relationship between dietary intake of niacin and DM in the generation population. Our study aimed to explore the associations of dietary niacin intake with the risk of DM in the United States (US) adult population.These data were derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2018 of 35,606 individuals aged 20 years or older. Niacin intake and food sources were measured by two 24-h dietary recall interviews. The diagnosis of DM was established according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. Binary logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were applied to evaluate the association of dietary niacin intake and DM.Among the 35,606 individuals, the prevalence of DM was 11.47%. The full-adjusted odds ratio(aOR) of DM was 1.27(95%CI 1.06-1.52) for quartile (Q) 4 v. Q1 of dietary niacin intake. In the dose-response analysis, the shape of the association of niacin intake with the risk of DM was approximately J-shaped (non-linear, p 0.05). Energy-adjusted niacin of 26.08 mg/day was the optimal cut-off value for predicting DM.High dietary niacin intake was positively associated with DM among US adults.Level V: Opinions of authorities, based on descriptive studies, narrative reviews, clinical experience, or reports of expert committees.