147 results on '"Ghanizadeh, A."'
Search Results
2. A Double-Blind Placebo Controlled Trial of 'Ginkgo Biloba' Added to Risperidone in Patients with Autistic Disorders
- Author
-
Hasanzadeh, Elmira, Mohammadi, Mohammad-Reza, and Ghanizadeh, Ahmad
- Abstract
"Ginkgo biloba" has been reported to affect the neurotransmitter system and to have antioxidant properties that could impact the pathogenesis of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Based on these studies, we decided to assess the effectiveness of "Ginkgo biloba" extract (Ginko T.D., Tolidaru, Iran) as an adjunctive agent to risperidone in the treatment of autism. Forty-seven outpatients with a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of autism ages between 4 and 12 years were assigned to this double blinded clinical trial and were randomly divided into two groups. One group received risperidone plus Ginko T.D and the other received risperidone plus placebo. The dose of risperidone was 1-3 mg/day and the dose of Ginko T.D. was 80 mg/day for patients under 30 kg and 120 mg/day for patients above 30 kg. Patients were assessed using Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Community (ABC-C) rating scale and the side effect check list every 2 weeks until the endpoint. None of the 5 subscales of ABC-C rating scale showed significant differences between the two groups. Incidents of side effects were not significantly different between the two groups. Adding "Ginkgo biloba" to risperidone did not affect the treatment outcome of ADs. Nevertheless, further observations are needed to confirm this result.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Comorbidity of Psychiatric Disorders and Parental Psychiatric Disorders in a Sample of Iranian Children with ADHD
- Author
-
Ghanizadeh, Ahmad, Mohammadi, Mohammad Reza, and Moini, Rozita
- Abstract
Objective: To study the psychiatric comorbidity of a clinical sample of children with ADHD and the psychiatric disorders in their parents. Method: Structured psychiatric interviews assessing lifetime psychiatric disorders by "DSM-IV" criteria, using the Farsi version of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. Results: The mean age of the children was 8.7, mothers, 40.1, and fathers, 34.6 years. Only 7.6% of the boys and 21.7% of the girls manifested ADHD without any other psychiatric comorbidity. The most common comorbid disorders were disruptive behavior disorders and anxiety disorders. The prevalence of lifetime ADHD in the parents was 45.8% and 17.7%, respectively. The rate for major depressive disorder in mothers and fathers was 48.1% and 43.0%, respectively. Discussion: The clinical sample of ADHD children typically had at least one other psychiatric disorder, usually oppositional defiant disorder in boys and anxiety disorders in girls. The most common psychiatric disorder in the parents was mood disorder. (Contains 2 tables.)
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Is attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder increased in patients with celiac disease?
- Author
-
Naser Honar, Roya Radanfar, Ahmad Ghanizadeh, Maryam Barkhordarian, and Hazhir Javaherizadeh
- Subjects
Celiac ,Hyperactivity disorder ,Attention deficit ,Child ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Abstract Background Some studies have shown that neurological and mental disorders in children with celiac disease are higher than in the general population. The aim of this study is to find frequency of ADHD in celiac patients. Result The findings of the study showed that the frequency of ADHD in males was 6 cases (22.2%) and 6 cases (18.2%) in females, and although the ADHD score was higher in males, there was no significant difference in sex (P = 0.697). The frequency of ADHD in terms of age group also showed that there were no hyperactive children in the age group under 5 years of age; in the age group of 5–9 years old, 8 cases (28.6%); in the age group of 10 to 14 years old, 4 cases (19%); and in the age group of 15 and older, no one was diagnosed with ADHD. The chi-square test showed that the frequency of ADHD in terms of age group was not significantly different (P = 0.26). It should be noted that according to Pearson correlation test, there was a reverse correlation between the age and ADHD, but it was not statistically significant (P = 0.33). Conclusions The frequency of ADHD among boys and girls with celiac disease was 22.2% and 18.2%, respectively.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. The effects of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for reducing symptoms of internet addiction disorder and promoting quality of life and mental health
- Author
-
Seyyed Salman Alavi, Maryam Ghanizadeh, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Fereshteh Jannatifard, Sudeh Esmaili Alamuti, and Malihe Farahani
- Subjects
Cognitive-behavioral therapy ,internet addiction ,quality of life ,group therapy ,psychopathology ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Abstract Introduction Internet addiction disorder has reportedly become an important cause of health and social problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for internet addiction symptoms, quality of life, and mental health of students with internet addiction. Methods This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest measures and a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all students at Tehran universities in the academic year of 2018-19. The target group was selected through an internet addiction test and a clinical interview using a targeted sampling method and was divided into experimental and control groups by randomization. The experimental group participated in fifteen 90-minute cognitive-behavioral group therapy sessions. Before, immediately after, and 3 months after the treatment, the internet addiction symptoms of both groups were evaluated to assess mental health with the IAT, quality of life (QOL), and SCL-90-R questionnaires. Data were analyzed with ANCOVA analysis using SPSS Statistics 20 software. Results After treatment, cognitive-behavioral therapy groups showed reductions in internet addiction scores (p < 0.05). Results showed that the cognitive-behavioral group therapy was effective for improving quality of life (p < 0.05) and mental illnesses (p < 0.05) in students with internet addiction. Conclusions Cognitive-behavioral group therapy can enhance awareness and mental health of students with internet addiction. Therefore, this intervention can be used as a beneficial treatment to reduce internet addiction symptoms and improve the condition of people with behavioral addictions such as internet dependency.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Psychometric Properties of Mobile Phone Abuse (MPA): Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis in Student Mobile Users
- Author
-
Seyyed Salman Alavi, Maryam Ghanizadeh, Mohammad reza Mohammadi, Fereshteh Jannatifard, Mona Salehi, Malihe Farahani, Sudeh Esmaili Alamuti, Hossein Gharaati Sotoudeh, and Malek Mirhashemi
- Subjects
Cell Phone ,Psychological Test ,Students ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Objective: Smartphone is an important technology device in our lifestyle. It has an important part of our daily lives, but it also has a negative effect, such as cell phone dependency. This research aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of mobile phone abuse (MPA) in the Iranian population. Method: In this study, data were chosen from 1100 participants who were studying in Tehran universities. The principal version of the scale was translated into Persian using the back translation method. All attendees completed Demographic Questionnaire, MPA Questionnaire, and Mobile Phone Problematic Use Scale (MPPUS). Eventually, a clinical interview (based on the fifth version of DSM) was done for all the participants. For data analysis, internal and external consistency, factor analysis, construct validity and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used. Statistically, less than 0.05 were considered to be significant. Results: According to expert judgments, content validity index was satisfactory. Furthermore, the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed with Cronbach’s α of 0.90 and test-retest reliability of 0.56 after 3 weeks. The best cutoff point for this questionnaire (MPA) was 46. Also, 4 factors were extracted by principal components method and varimax rotation: “excessive use of cell phone,” “addictive use of social networks,” “mood modification,” and “preoccupation” for both male and female students. Conclusion: MPA could be used in studies on the evaluation of mobile phone addiction. This can be a stepping stone towards the identification of problems and improvement of students’ mobile phone abuse.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Prevalence and Correlates of Psychiatric Disorders in a National Survey of Iranian Children and Adolescents
- Author
-
Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Nastaran Ahmadi, Ali Khaleghi, Koorosh Kamali, Seyed Ali Mostafavi, Mehdi Rahgozar, Ameneh Ahmadi, Zahra Hooshyari, Seyyed Salman Alavi, Parviz Molavi, Nasrin Sarraf, Seyed Kaveh Hojjat, Soleiman Mohammadzadeh, Shahrokh Amiri, Soroor Arman, Ahmad Ghanizadeh, Ahmad Ahmadipour, Rahim Ostova, Hedayat Nazari, Seyed Hamzeh Hosseini, Atieh Golbon, Firoozeh Derakhshanpour, Ali Delpisheh, Forough Riahi, Siavash Talepasand, Azizollah Mojahed, Naser Hajian Motlagh, Aazam Sadat Heydari Yazdi, Mohammad Ahmadpanah, Reza Dastjerdi, Houshang Amirian, Alireza Armani, Parvin Safavi, Maryam Kousha, Anita Alaghmand, Mahin Eslami Shahrbabaki, Arezou Kiani, Javad Mahmoudi Gharaei, Alia Shakiba, Hadi Zarafshan, Maryam Salmanian, Eric Taylor, and Eric Fombonne
- Subjects
Comorbidity ,Child and Adolescent ,Epidemiology ,Psychiatric Disorders ,Risk Factors ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Objective: Considering the impact of rapid sociocultural, political, and economical changes on societies and families, population-based surveys of mental disorders in different communities are needed to describe the magnitude of mental health problems and their disabling effects at the individual, familial, and societal levels. Method: A population-based cross sectional survey (IRCAP project) of 30 532 children and adolescents between 6 and 18 years was conducted in all provinces of Iran using a multistage cluster sampling method. Data were collected by 250 clinical psychologists trained to use the validated Persian version of the semi-structured diagnostic interview Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-PL (K-SADS-PL). Results: In this national epidemiological survey, 6209 out of 30 532 (22.31%) were diagnosed with at least one psychiatric disorder. The anxiety disorders (14.13%) and behavioral disorders (8.3%) had the highest prevalence, while eating disorders (0.13%) and psychotic symptoms (0.26%) had the lowest. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was significantly lower in girls (OR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.80-0.90), in those living in the rural area (OR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.73-0.87), in those aged 15-18 years (OR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.86-0.99), as well as that was significantly higher in those who had a parent suffering from mental disorders (OR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.63-2.36 for mother and OR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.07-1.66 for father) or physical illness (OR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.17-1.35 for mother and OR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.10-1.28 for father). Conclusion: About one fifth of Iranian children and adolescents suffer from at least one psychiatric disorder. Therefore, we should give a greater priority to promoting mental health and public health, provide more accessible services and trainings, and reduce barriers to accessing existing services.
- Published
- 2018
8. Addictive Use of Smartphones and Mental Disorders in University Students
- Author
-
Seyyed Salman Alavi, Maryam Ghanizadeh, Malihe Farahani, Fereshteh Jannatifard, Sudeh Esmaili Alamuti, and Mohammad reza Mohammadi
- Subjects
Mental Disorders ,Smart Mobile Phone Addiction ,Student ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Objective: Despite the awareness of smartphone addiction, low findings and lack of validated standards have led to insufficient information in this area. This study aimed to examine the relationship between mobile phone dependency and mental disorders in students in Iran, while controlling for the impact of gender, age, educational levels, and marital status. Method: In this cross-sectional study, a sample of 1400 university students (445 males and 955 females) aged 18-35 years were selected from 3 cities of Tehran, Isfahan and Karaj. The participants filled out a set of questionnaires: Cell Phone Dependency Questionnaire (CPDQ), Millon Multiaxial Clinical Inventory, and participated in interviews. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression method via SPSS-22 software. Results: In terms of controlling the demographic variables, the results revealed that bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety, somatization, dependent personality disorder, and compulsive personality disorder could increase the possibility of mobile phone addiction by 4.2, 4.2, 1.2, 2.8, 3.1, and 3.2 folds, respectively (P < 0.05). However, other disorders and demographic characteristics did not have any significant effects on the equation. Conclusion: The results can help better understand the relationship between psychological syndromes and smartphone addiction and can also facilitate further studies in this field. In addition, those students with smartphone addiction should be provided with different preventative strategies. Moreover, a growing range of stimulating applications may trigger the risk of addiction.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. The Survey personal and national identity between individual with cell phone addiction disorder and normal smartphone users
- Author
-
Seyyed Salman Alavi, Maryam Ghanizadeh, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Soroush Mohammadi Kalhory, Fereshteh Jannatifard, and Ghazal Sepahbodi
- Subjects
addict ,cell phone ,Identity ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Objective: Smart phones have rapidly become an integral, and for some, an essential communication device worldwide. The issue of identity has always been a subject of interest among psychologists. The present study was conducted to compare personal and national identity and their subscales between cell phone addicts and non-addicts. Method: In this cross-sectional study, 500 student cell phone users from various universities in Tehran were recruited using stratified sampling. Participants completed cell phone addiction questionnaires including Mobile Phone Problematic Use Scale (MPPUS), Cell Phone Dependency Questionnaire (CPDQ), Personal Identity Development Questionnaire, Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status (EOMEIS) and National Identity Questionnaire. Then, the subscales of these instruments were analyzed using SPSS Version 20. Results: Results of this study revealed significant differences between cell phone addicts and non-addicts in the scores of national identity, personal identity, and most subscales, except for some subscales (P
- Published
- 2018
10. Efficacy of N-Acetylcysteine Augmentation on Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Multicenter Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial
- Author
-
Ahmad Ghanizadeh, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Shahla Bahraini, Zahra Keshavarzi, Ali Firoozabadi, and Ali Alavi Shoshtari
- Subjects
N-Acetylcysteine ,Adjuvant ,Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ,Treatment ,Clinical Trial ,Placebo ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Objective: Glutamate is considered a target for treating obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The efficacy and safety of the nutritional supplement of N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) as an adjuvant to serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) for treating children and adolescents with OCD has never been examined. Methods: This was a 10-week randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial with 34 OCD outpatients. The patients received citalopram plus NAC or placebo. Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL™) were used. Adverse effects were monitored. Results: YBOCS score was not different between the two groups at baseline, but the score was different between the two groups at the end of this trial (P
- Published
- 2017
11. The Cognitive and Psychological Factors (Personality, Driving Behavior, and Mental illnesses) as Predictors in Traffic Violations
- Author
-
Seyyed Salman Alavi, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Hamid Soori, and Maryam Ghanizadeh
- Subjects
Traffic Violations ,Humanistic Factors ,Mental Disorders ,Personality Characteristics ,Driving Behavior ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Objective: Driving is a complex behavior and is affected by several factors. This cohort study aimed at representing the main determinants such as personality features, driving behavior, and mental illnesses on driving violation based on logistic regression. Method: In this cohort study, 800 heavy truck and lorry drivers were recruited. Participants were selected from those individuals who referred to Imam Sajjad hospital in Tehran, Iran during fall 2013 to summer 2015. Manchester Driving Behavior Questionnaire (MDBQ), Big Five Personality Test (NEO Personality Inventory), and SADS (Semi-Structural Interview) were used in this study. After 2 years, we checked all traffic violations caused by human factors involving the drivers. SPSS Version 18 was used for data analysis; t test and logistic regression (OR) was also used. Results: The findings of the present study revealed significant differences between the 2 groups of drivers (those who were and were not involved in driving offenses) with respect to controlling the effective and demographic variables. Moreover, it was found that depression and anxiety could increase the chance of accidents (2.4 and 2.7 accidents odds, respectively) (P = 0.04, P = 0.004). Furthermore, just neuroticism could increase 1.1 odds of traffic offences (P = 0.009), but other personality traits did not have an effect on the equation. Conclusion: Consistent with previous examinations, some mental disorders may affect traffic violations. Considering the magnitude and sensitivity of driving behavior, it is essential to evaluate multiple psychological factors in drivers before and after receiving or renewing their driver’s licenses.
- Published
- 2017
12. The effects of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for reducing symptoms of internet addiction disorder and promoting quality of life and mental health
- Author
-
Sudeh Esmaili Alamuti, Maryam Ghanizadeh, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Seyyed Salman Alavi, Fereshteh Jannatifard, and Malihe Farahani
- Subjects
Cognitive-behavioral therapy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,medicine.medical_treatment ,education ,RC435-571 ,Iran ,Group psychotherapy ,Quality of life (healthcare) ,Cognition ,Intervention (counseling) ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Humans ,media_common ,Psychiatry ,Internet ,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ,business.industry ,Addiction ,General Medicine ,psychopathology ,Mental health ,group therapy ,internet addiction ,Cognitive behavioral therapy ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Internet addiction disorder ,Mental Health ,quality of life ,Psychotherapy, Group ,The Internet ,Original Article ,business ,Internet Addiction Disorder ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Introduction Internet addiction disorder has reportedly become an important cause of health and social problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for internet addiction symptoms, quality of life, and mental health of students with internet addiction. Methods This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest measures and a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all students at Tehran universities in the academic year of 2018-19. The target group was selected through an internet addiction test and a clinical interview using a targeted sampling method and was divided into experimental and control groups by randomization. The experimental group participated in fifteen 90-minute cognitive-behavioral group therapy sessions. Before, immediately after, and 3 months after the treatment, the internet addiction symptoms of both groups were evaluated to assess mental health with the IAT, quality of life (QOL), and SCL-90-R questionnaires. Data were analyzed with ANCOVA analysis using SPSS Statistics 20 software. Results After treatment, cognitive-behavioral therapy groups showed reductions in internet addiction scores (p < 0.05). Results showed that the cognitive-behavioral group therapy was effective for improving quality of life (p < 0.05) and mental illnesses (p < 0.05) in students with internet addiction. Conclusions Cognitive-behavioral group therapy can enhance awareness and mental health of students with internet addiction. Therefore, this intervention can be used as a beneficial treatment to reduce internet addiction symptoms and improve the condition of people with behavioral addictions such as internet dependency.
- Published
- 2021
13. Effect of Methylphenidate and Folic Acid on ADHD Symptoms and Quality of Life and Aggression: A Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial
- Author
-
Ahmad Ghanizadeh, Zohreh Sayyari, and Mohammad Reza Mohammadi
- Subjects
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ,Child ,Agg ,Aggression ,Methylphenidat ,Folic Acid ,Clinical Trial ,Quality of Life ,Therapeutics ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
bjective: This clinical trial examines the effect of augmentation of methylphenidate (MPH) with folic acid to improve quality of life, and to treat aggression and ADHD symptoms .Method:Participants of this eight week randomized double blind placebo controlled clinical trial were 49 children with ADHD. They were randomly assigned into one of the two groups: the first group receiving methylphenidate (10 to 20mg/day) plus folic (5mg/day), and the second group receiving methylphenidate plus placebo. Parent-reported ADHD symptoms and Overt Aggression Scale score were the outcome measures. Quality of life was assessed as well. Assessments were performed at pre-intervention, and at one month and two months after starting the interventions using repeated measure analysis Results:The mean age of children was 9.6(2.7) years. Age and gender were not associated with the groups. ADHD symptoms significantly decreased in both groups during the trial. However, no difference was observed between the groups. Moreover, aggression non-significantly decreased in both groups. Meanwhile, there was no difference between the two groups in efficacy for treating different types of aggressive behaviors including: verbal aggression, physical aggression against people, physical aggression against properties or objects, and aggression against self (self-injurious behavior). While methylphenidate improved quality of life of children with ADHD, folic acid did not improve it more than placebo. Both medications were well tolerated.Conclusion:considering the marked limitations of this trial, this primarily report suggests that methylphenidate may improve ADHD symptoms and the quality of life of children with ADHD. Current evidence does not support that folic acid as an adjuvant is effective for treating ADHD symptoms or aggression, or the improving quality of life of children with ADHD.
- Published
- 2013
14. Habit Reversal Versus Object Manipulation Training for Treating Nail Biting: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
- Author
-
Amir Bazrafshan, Ali Firoozabadi, Gholamreza Dehbozorgi, and Ahmad Ghanizadeh
- Subjects
Nail Biting ,Behavior Therapy ,object manipulation ,Clinical Trial ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Objective:This is a parallel, three group, randomized, controlled clinical trial, with outcomes evaluated up to three months after randomization for children and adolescents with chronic nail biting. The current study investigates the efficacy of habit reversal training (HRT) and compares its effect with object manipulation training (OMT) considering the limitations of the current literature .Method:Ninety one children and adolescents with nail biting were randomly allocated to one of the three groups. The three groups were HRT (n=30), OMT (n=30), and wait-list or control group (n=31). The mean length of nail was considered as the main outcome .Results:The mean length of the nails after one month in HRT and OMT groups increased compared to the waiting list group (P
- Published
- 2013
15. Psychiatric Disorders in Iranian Children and Adolescents
- Author
-
Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Nastaran Ahmadi, Maryam Salmanian, Fatemeh Asadian- koohestani, Ahmad Ghanizadeh, Ali Alavi, Ayyoub Malek, Saeed Dastgiri, Fatemeh Moharreri, Paria Hebrani, Soroor Arman, Javad Khoshhal Dastjerdi, and Ali Motavallian
- Subjects
Child and Adolescents ,Iran ,Kiddie SADS Present ,Lifetime Version ,(K-SADS-PL) ,Psychiatric Disorder ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the epidemiology of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents in five provinces of Iran: Tehran, Shiraz, Isfahan, Tabriz and Mashhad. Method: In the present study, we selected 9,636 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years through multistage cluster random sampling method from Tehran, Shiraz, Isfahan, Tabriz and Mashhad. We instructed the clinical psychologists to complete the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for the participants, and those who received a high score on SDQ, completed the Persian version of Kiddie-SADS-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL). We used descriptive analysis and 95% confidence interval to investigate the relationship between scores of the K-SADS questionnaire and demographic factors. We used one-way ANOVA to test the significant differences among the disorders according to sex, age and province of residence. Results: Based on the results, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) (4.45%) had the highest prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the five provinces and substance abuse and alcohol abuse (0%) had the lowest prevalence. In addition, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) had the most prevalence in boys (5.03%) and ODD had the most prevalence in girls (4.05%). Among the three age groups, 6 to 9 year olds had the highest rates of ADHD (5.69%); 10 to 14 and 15 to 18 year olds had the highest rates of ODD (4.32% and 4.37% respectively). Among the five provinces, Tehran and Mashhad allocated the highest rates of ODD; Isfahan and Shiraz had the highest rates of ADHD; and Tabriz had the highest rates of social phobia. Conclusion: The current study revealed that the overall frequency of psychiatric disorders based on Kiddie-SADS-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) was higher than a similar study. Moreover, in this study, among the five provinces, Tehran and Mashhad allocated the highest rates of ODD; Isfahan and Shiraz had the highest rates of ADHD; and Tabriz had the highest rates of social phobia. Therefore, these percentage of psychiatric disorders in Iran lead us toward a greater use of consultation and mental health services.
- Published
- 2016
16. Prevalence and Predictors of Domestic-Violence towards Wives by their Psychiatric Hospitalized Husbands
- Author
-
Ali Sahraian, Ahmad Ghanizadeh, Seyed Hamzeh Hashemi, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, and Laaya Ahmadzadeh
- Subjects
Husband ,Wife ,Domestic Violence ,Patient ,Psychiat ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Objective: Violence imposed on wives by their inpatient psychiatric husbands has not been studied yet. The current study surveyed the rates and predictors of violence committed by inpatient psychiatric husbands towards their wives. Methods: A convenient sample of wives of 209 married male psychiatric inpatients completed a self-reported questionnaire. They were asked about physical, emotional, social and economic abuse. Results: More than 80% of the husbands socially abused their wives; 73.0% of the wives had been regularly beaten by their husbands; the rate for humiliation was 77.2%; and only 14.1% of the wives reported that their sexual relationship with their husbands is with desire. Conclusion: There is a dramatic high rate of different types of abuse toward wives by their inpatient psychiatric husbands. They are commonly victimized by their husbands. Moreover, different types of violence always co-occur. Future studies should consider this important issue which is unfortunately an ignored research area.
- Published
- 2016
17. Birth Order and Sibling Gender Ratio of a Clinical Sample of Children and Adolescents Diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Author
-
Ahmad Ghanizadeh, Marzie Abotorabi-Zarchi, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, and Ali Firoozabadi
- Subjects
Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity ,Birth order ,Sex ratio ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Objective: It is not clear whether sibling’s gender ratio is associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study examines whether inattentiveness severity and hyperactivity/impulsivity severity are associated with birth order of children with ADHD.Method: Participants are a clinical sample of 173 children and adolescents with ADHD and 43 ones without ADHD. Diagnoses were made using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders forth edition-Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR), diagnostic criteria according to face-to-face interview with the children and their parents. ADHD DSM-IV checklist was used to measure inattentiveness and hyperactivity/impulsivity scores.Results: The association of birth order and diagnosis of ADHD was not statistically significant after adjusting for covariate factors. The gender ratio of siblings is not associated with ADHD.Conclusion: Birth order and siblings gender ratio are independent of ADHD diagnosis. The results of this study support the fact that genetic factors rather than environmental factor of birth order is associated with ADHD. Moreover, contrary to autism, the current results do not suggest the androgen theory for ADHD.
- Published
- 2012
18. Children and Their Parents' Perceptions of Symptom Severity and Treatment Preference for Tourette Syndrome
- Author
-
Gholam Reza Dehbozorgi, Mohammad-Reza Mohammadi, and Ahmad Ghanizadeh
- Subjects
Attitude ,Child ,Iran ,Parent ,Tourette syndrome ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
"n Objective: "n "nThis study surveys children and their parents' perceptions, and their treatment preference of significant/bothersome symptoms in children with Tourette syndrome. "nMethods: "nThirty five children and adolescents who referred to an out-patient clinic of a Child Psychiatry Clinic were selected as subjects for this study. The children and their parents were interviewed about their perception of significant/bothersome symptoms of motor tics, vocal tics, learning difficulties, attention deficit disorder, hyperactivity, obsessions, compulsions, and rage attacks. "nResults: "nAbout two thirds of the subjects had symptom of rage. Inattentiveness and hyperactivity were observed in more than half of the children. There was a statistically significant difference between parents and their children in frequency of motor tics and rage attacks . Children reported the necessity for controlling and management of these symptoms less than their parents. "nDiscussion: "nThe rates of motor, vocal tics and rage attacks in the Iranian sample are similar to other studies. Rage attack is one of the most common significant/bothersome symptoms reported that should be treated. While motor tics were not rated among the most common features that should be treated in a study in Canada, it was the most common significant/bothersome symptom in Iran. Parents perceive motor tics and rage attacks as more significant/bothersome symptoms compared to children.
- Published
- 2010
19. Symptoms of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder,a clinical sample
- Author
-
Ali Alavi Shooshtari, Taherah Sadeghiyeh, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Ahmad Ghanizadeh, and Shahin Akhondzadeh
- Subjects
Epidemiology ,Iran ,Sign and symptoms ,Pervasive child development disorders ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
"n Objective: "n "nThe aim of this report was to study the gender role on autismsymptoms distribution and severity in a clinical sample from Iran. Then, the results were compared with the published study from the same community population sample, Iran. "nMethod: The subjects of this retrospective study were a convenient clinical sample of the referrals of children with pervasive developmental disorders. The diagnosis was made according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. "nResults: "nMost of the subjects were boys. Boys were referred for evaluation more frequently than girls. The sample included 61 children and adolescents aged 2.1 to 15 years; of whom, 49 had autism. The mean age of children with autism was 7.2(SD=3.2) years. The mean of age, the diagnosis and severity of the symptoms were not related to gender . "n "n "nConclusion: Usually, those with severe cases of autism refer to clinics for treatment. Therefore, the clinical sample of children with autism is just the tip of the iceberg and they may not be the actual representative of community sample of children with autism. Preventive programs should be more focused on the screening and referring of inflected girls for service utilization .
- Published
- 2009
20. Psychometric Properties of Mobile Phone Abuse (MPA): Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis in Student Mobile Users
- Author
-
Malihe Farahani, Mona Salehi, Malek Mirhashemi, Sudeh Esmaili Alamuti, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Hossein Gharaati Sotoudeh, Seyyed Salman Alavi, Fereshteh Jannatifard, and Maryam Ghanizadeh
- Subjects
Psychiatry ,Varimax rotation ,Applied psychology ,RC435-571 ,Construct validity ,Confirmatory factor analysis ,Psychological Test ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cronbach's alpha ,Mobile phone ,Content validity ,Psychological testing ,Original Article ,Psychology ,Students ,Reliability (statistics) ,Cell Phone - Abstract
Objective: Smartphone is an important technology device in our lifestyle. It has an important part of our daily lives, but it also has a negative effect, such as cell phone dependency. This research aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of mobile phone abuse (MPA) in the Iranian population. Method: In this study, data were chosen from 1100 participants who were studying in Tehran universities. The principal version of the scale was translated into Persian using the back translation method. All attendees completed Demographic Questionnaire, MPA Questionnaire, and Mobile Phone Problematic Use Scale (MPPUS). Eventually, a clinical interview (based on the fifth version of DSM) was done for all the participants. For data analysis, internal and external consistency, factor analysis, construct validity and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used. Statistically, less than 0.05 were considered to be significant. Results: According to expert judgments, content validity index was satisfactory. Furthermore, the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed with Cronbach’s α of 0.90 and test-retest reliability of 0.56 after 3 weeks. The best cutoff point for this questionnaire (MPA) was 46. Also, 4 factors were extracted by principal components method and varimax rotation: “excessive use of cell phone,” “addictive use of social networks,” “mood modification,” and “preoccupation” for both male and female students. Conclusion: MPA could be used in studies on the evaluation of mobile phone addiction. This can be a stepping stone towards the identification of problems and improvement of students’ mobile phone abuse.
- Published
- 2021
21. Scale Validation of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in Iranian Children
- Author
-
Ahmad Ghanizadeh, Ahad Izadpanah, and Gholamreza Abdollahi
- Subjects
Child psychiatry ,Iran ,Mass screening ,validity ,reliability ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
"n Objective: "n To study the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). "nMethod: The data for this study was collected from the psychiatric clinic of Hafez hospital and 16 regular schools in four regions of Shiraz using stratified random sampling .The 25 items of the SDQ were completed for 379 boys and 377 girls. The 756 participants aged 3-18 were divided to 3 groups according to age classification.The SDQ was completed by parents, teachers and adolescents according to their age. Clinical interview was performed for 155 children and adolescents who referred to the psychiatric clinic. "nResults: The mean age of the children was 10.3 years (SD=3.6, range 3-18 years). Children were divided to 3 groups: 1) among the participants 17 (2.3%) were aged 3-4 years,; 2) 409 (54%) were aged 4-11 years, and 3) 330 (43.7%) were aged 11-16 years. Good internal consistencies were found for the self report SDQ scales (mean ل for subscales 0.628). For the teacher SDQ scales, the internal consistencies were lower than the self-report scales (mean ل for subscales 0.454). The lowest internal consistencies were found for the parents SDQ scales. There was sufficient convergent and discriminant validity. "nConclusions: The Persian translation of the self reported SDQ has acceptable psychometric properties. Internal consistency of the self-report SDQ was good.The mean inter-informant correlations of the SDQ scales were satisfactory.
- Published
- 2007
22. Prevalence of Mood Disorders in Iran
- Author
-
Hamid Reza Pouretemad, Hamid Reza Naghavi, Hossein Malekafzali, Ahmad Ali Noorbala, Harutiun Davidian, Ahmad Ghanizadeh, Mohammad-Reza Mohammadi, S. Abbas Bagheri Yazdi, and Mehdi Rahgozar
- Subjects
Bipolar disorder ,Iran ,Major Depressive Disorder ,Mood disorders ,Prevalence ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Objective:To study the prevalence and demographic characteristics of mood disorders among Iranian adults. Method: In this cross-sectional population-based epidemiological study (age > 18) in Iran, 25180 individuals were selected through a randomized cluster sampling method for a diagnosis using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS). They were then interviewed at home by 250 trained clinical psychologists. Results: The estimated lifetime prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Minor Depressive Disorder (mDD) were 3.1% and 0.3% respectively. Also, the estimated lifetime prevalence of Bipolar Mood disorder (BMD) type I and type II were 0.1% and 0.7% respectively. The current prevalence of MDD, mDD, BMD-I, and BMD-II were 1.8%, 0.2%, 0.04%, and 0.3% respectively. Mood disorders were associated with female gender, lower education, being married, being middle-aged, living in cities, and not being a homemaker. Conclusion: The prevalence of mood disorders was lower among Iranian adults than reported in Western studies, and a number of demographic associations differed from those reported in Western studies. Important cultural differences in the nature or manifestation of depression are implied by these results.
- Published
- 2006
23. Comparing the drawings of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with normal children.
- Author
-
Mahnaz Haghighi, Maedeh Khaterizadeh, Gholamreza Chalbianloo, Sholeh Toobaei, and Ahmad Ghanizadeh
- Subjects
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ,Child Symptom Inventory ,Draw a Family Test ,Draw a Person Test ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common behavioral problem during childhood and in school-aged children. Various projection drawings have been designed for assessing children's personality and psychological disorders including the tests of draw a person (DAP) and draw a family (DAF). We aimed to compare the differences between typically developing children and children with ADHD using these tests.In this case-control study, all the 9-10 year-old boy students studying at the third and fourth grades were enrolled from schools in the 2nd educational district of Shiraz, south of Iran. Eighty students were then selected and enrolled into the ADHD group and the control group. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition- text Revised (DSM-IV-TR), and the Child Symptoms Inventory were used to diagnose the children with ADHD. We evaluated and analyzed impulsiveness, non-impulsiveness, emotional problems and incompatibility indices in the DAP and DAF tests in each group.A significant difference was found in the indices of incompatibility and emotional problems, impulsiveness, non-impulsiveness and DAF between typically developing children and those with ADHD. The mean (±SD) total scores of the above mentioned indices in the ADHD group were 19.79(±2.94), 12.31(±1.84), 5.26(±2.29) and 5.89(±2.13), respectively (P
- Published
- 2014
24. The effect of stimulants on irritability in autism comorbid with ADHD: a systematic review
- Author
-
Mohammed Molla, Ahmad Ghanizadeh, and Garth Olango
- Subjects
High rate ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Methylphenidate ,business.industry ,Irritability ,medicine.disease ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Comorbidity ,030227 psychiatry ,Clinical trial ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Primary outcome ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Autism ,Irritable Mood ,medicine.symptom ,Psychiatry ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Introduction: While there is a very high rate of comorbidity of autism and ADHD, there are controversies about prescribing stimulants in children with autism. This is a systematic review about the effect of stimulants on irritability in children with both autism and ADHD. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to study the possible effect of stimulants on irritability in autism and ADHD using the databases of PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and ScienceDirect in September 2018. Eligible clinical trials of stimulants in the treatment of Autism and ADHD without restriction of language were included. The primary outcome was irritability score. The full texts of relevant articles were studied, and their references were scanned for any possible related article. Results: Out of 1,315 citations, there were 26 relevant articles. Of the relevant articles, 16 were not interventional studies and were excluded. There were 10 interventional studies. None of them considered irritability as a main outcome. Also, none of them studied the effect of stimulants on irritability in autism plus ADHD. Current uncontrolled evidence about the association of stimulants with irritability is controversial. Conclusion: The current evidence is not enough to support or discourage the effect of stimulants on irritability in children and adolescents with both autism and ADHD. Well-designed controlled clinical trials need to be conducted for this ignored research area.
- Published
- 2019
25. Lovastatin as an Adjuvant to Lithium for Treating Manic Phase of Bipolar Disorder: A 4-Week, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
- Author
-
Ahmad Ghanizadeh, Motahhar OmraniSigaroodi, Ali Javadpour, Mohammad Hossein Dabbaghmanesh, and Sara Shafiee
- Subjects
Psychiatry ,RC435-571 ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
Objectives. Many patients with bipolar disorder suffer from metabolic disorder. Lovastatin is effective for treating major depression. This double-blind randomized placebo controlled clinical trial investigates whether lovastatin is a useful adjuvant to lithium for treating mania. Methods. Fifty-four patients with bipolar disorder-manic phase were randomly allocated into lovastatin or placebo group. The clinical symptoms were assessed at baseline, week 2, and week 4 using Young Mania Rating Scale. Adverse effects were checked. Results. Forty-six out of 54 patients completed this trial. The mania score in the lovastatin group decreased from 40.6 (11.1) at baseline to 12.9 (8.7) and 4.1 (5.4) at weeks 2 and 4, respectively. The score in the placebo group decreased from 41.0 (11.2) at baseline to 12.8 (8.07) and 5.8 (4.6) at weeks 2 and 4, respectively. However, there was no significant difference between groups at week 2 and week 4. The adverse effects rates were comparable between the two groups. No serious adverse effect was found. Tremor and nausea were the most common adverse effects. Conclusions. Lovastatin neither exacerbated nor decreased the symptoms of mania in patients with bipolar disorder. Current results support that the combination of lovastatin with lithium is tolerated well in bipolar disorder. The trial was registered with the Iranian Clinical Trials Registry (IRCT201302203930N18).
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Psychological problems in Iranian adolescents: application of the self report form of strengths and difficulties questionnaire.
- Author
-
Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Soroor Arman, Javad Khoshhal Dastjerdi, Maryam Salmanian, Nastaran Ahmadi, Ahmad Ghanizadeh, Ali Alavi, Ayyoub Malek, Heydar Fathzadeh Gharibeh, Fatemeh Moharreri, Paria Hebrani, and Ali Motavallian
- Subjects
Adolescents ,Emotional and behavioral problems ,Iran ,Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the epidemiology of psychological problems in adolescents in five provinces of Tehran, Khorasan Razavi, Isfahan, East Azerbaijan and Fars in Iran. Methods: In the present cross-sectional and descriptive – analytical study, 5171 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years were selected through multistage cluster sampling method from Tehran, Isfahan, Fars, Khorasan Razavi and East Azarbaijan provinces. The self-report form of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to obtain the demographic data of each adolescent. Descriptive analysis and 95% confidence interval were used to investigate the relationship between scores of the SDQ questionnaire and demographic factors. Result: Based on the results, the highest prevalence of psychological problems in the five provinces was related to conduct problems (24%), and the lowest prevalence was related to social problems (5.76%). Also, comparison of 95% confidence interval of prevalence of psychological probl ms between the two genders suggested a significant difference only in emotional problems of the self-report version of the SDQ between the two genders. The result revealed no significant difference in the psychological problems of the self-report version of the SDQ between the two age’s groups and between the middle and high school graduates (p≤0.05). Among the 5 provinces, Fars allocated the highest rates of conduct problems (28.4), hyperactivity problems (21.5%) and overall criterion problems (17.3%); Esfahan had the highest rates of emotional problems (9.1%) and problems with peers (8.1%); and Khorasan Razavi had the highest rates of social problems (7.6%). Conclusion: In this study, the highest prevalence of psychological problems in the five provinces was related to conduct problems, and the lowest prevalence was related to social problems. It was determined that girls have more emotional problems than boys. Also, no significant difference was found in the psychological problems of 12 to 14 and 15 to 17 ear old adolescents or between middle and high school graduates. In the current study, the prevalence of psychological problems in adolescents in the urban population in Fars province was higher than expected.
- Published
- 2013
27. Habit Reversal versus Object Manipulation Training for Treating Nail Biting: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.
- Author
-
Ahmad Ghanizadeh, Amir Bazrafshan, Ali Firoozabadi, and Gholamreza Dehbozorgi
- Subjects
Nail biting ,behavior therapy ,clinical trial ,object manipulation ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Objective: This is a parallel, three group, randomized, controlled clinical trial, with outcomes evaluated up to three months after randomization for children and adolescents with chronic nail biting. The current study investigates the efficacy of habit reversal training (HRT) and compares its effect with object manipulation training (OMT) considering the limitations of the current literature . Method: Ninety one children and adolescents with nail biting were randomly allocated to one of the three groups. The three groups were HRT (n=30), OMT (n=30), and wait-list or control group (n=31). The mean length of nail was considered as the main outcome Results: The mean length of the nails after one month in HRT and OMT groups increased compared to the waiting list group (P
- Published
- 2013
28. Lifetime prevalence, sociodemographic predictors, and comorbidities of oppositional defiant disorder: the National Epidemiology of Iranian Child and Adolescent Psychiatric disorders (IRCAP)
- Author
-
Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Maryam Salmanian, Zahra Hooshyari, Alia Shakiba, Seyyed Salman Alavi, Ameneh Ahmadi, Ali Khaleghi, Hadi Zarafshan, Seyed Ali Mostafavi, Anita Alaghmand, Parviz Molavi, Javad Mahmoudi-Gharaei, Koorosh Kamali, Ahmad Ghanizadeh, Hedayat Nazari, Nasrin Sarraf, Ahmad Ahmadipour, Firoozeh Derakhshanpour, Forough Riahi, Atieh Golbon, Maryam Kousha, Aazam Sadat Heydari Yazdi, Mahin Eslami Shahrbabaki, Naser Hajian Motlagh, Houshang Amirian, Azizollah Mojahed, Arezou Kiani, Mohammad Ahmadpanah, Reza Dastjerdi, and Nastaran Ahmadi
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Generalized anxiety disorder ,Adolescent ,lcsh:RC435-571 ,Population ,education ,prevalence ,Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) ,Comorbidity ,Iran ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,lcsh:Psychiatry ,Epidemiology ,Interview, Psychological ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ,Humans ,Psychiatry ,Child ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Separation anxiety disorder ,Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia ,medicine.disease ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,comorbidity ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders ,Original Article ,Female ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Objective: This was the first national epidemiological study on oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in Iran, which provided new information about the prevalence, comorbidities, and sociodemographic predictors of ODD. Methods: Data from a face-to-face household survey of 30,532 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years were collected from across all 31 provinces of Iran using a multistage cluster sampling design. The Persian version of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children – Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) was used in this study. Results: The lifetime prevalence of ODD was found to be 3.9%. ODD was significantly more common in boys than girls and appeared in late adolescence more frequently than in childhood. A lower prevalence of ODD was found among participants who lived in rural areas. ODD is highly likely to co-occur with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, separation anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and depressive disorders. Conclusions: The findings of this national population-based study confirm and extend previous findings on the prevalence, comorbidities, and sociodemographic predictors of ODD.
- Published
- 2020
29. Children and Their Parent's Perceptions of Symptom Severity and Treatment Preference for Tourette Syndrome.
- Author
-
Ahmad Ghanizadeh, Mohammad-Reza Mohammadi, and Gholam Rreza Dehbozorgi
- Subjects
Attitude ,Child ,Iran ,Parent ,Tourette syndrome ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Objective: This study surveys children and their parent's perceptions, and their treatment preference of significant/bothersome symptoms in children with Tourette syndrome. Methods: Thirty five children and adolescents who referred to an out-patient clinic of a Child Psychiatry Clinic were selected as subjects for this study. The children and their parents were interviewed about their perception of significant/bothersome symptoms of motor tics, vocal tics, learning difficulties, attention deficit disorder, hyperactivity, obsessions, compulsions, and rage attacks. Results: About two thirds of the subjects had symptom of rage. Inattentiveness and hyperactivity were observed in more than half of the children. There was a statistically significant difference between parents and their children in frequency of motor tics and rage attacks. Children reported the necessity for controlling and management of these symptoms less than their parents. Discussion: The rates of motor, vocal tics and rage attacks in the Iranian sample are similar to other studies. Rage attack is one of the most common significant/bothersome symptoms reported that should be treated. While motor tics were not rated among the most common features that should be treated in a study in Canada, it was the most common significant/bothersome symptom in Iran. Parents perceive motor tics and rage attacks as more significant/bothersome symptoms compared to children.
- Published
- 2010
30. Prevalence and Correlates of Psychiatric Disorders in a National Survey of Iranian Children and Adolescents
- Author
-
Maryam Salmanian, Koorosh Kamali, Anita Alaghmand, Ali Khaleghi, Alireza Armani, Ali Delpisheh, Shahrokh Amiri, Ahmad Ghanizadeh, Javad Mahmoudi Gharaei, Forough Riahi, Eric Fombonne, Zahra Hooshyari, Nastaran Ahmadi, Seyed Hamzeh Hosseini, Reza Dastjerdi, Eric Taylor, Ameneh Ahmadi, Seyed-Ali Mostafavi, Atieh Golbon, Maryam Kousha, Parvin Safavi, Hadi Zarafshan, Houshang Amirian, Seyyed Salman Alavi, Hedayat Nazari, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Rahim Ostovar, Parviz Molavi, Mohammad Ahmadpanah, Mehdi Rahgozar, Mahin Eslami Shahrbabaki, Soroor Arman, Firoozeh Derakhshanpour, Naser Hajian Motlagh, Siavash Talepasand, Soleiman Mohammadzadeh, Ahmad Ahmadipour, Nasrin Sarraf, Azizollah Mojahed, Seyed Kaveh Hojjat, Arezou Kiani, Aazam Sadat Heydari Yazdi, and Alia Shakiba
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Epidemiology ,lcsh:RC435-571 ,Cross-sectional study ,Population ,Comorbidity ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,lcsh:Psychiatry ,medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Psychiatry ,education ,education.field_of_study ,Child and Adolescent ,business.industry ,Public health ,medicine.disease ,Mental health ,Psychiatric Disorders ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Eating disorders ,Anxiety ,Original Article ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Objective: Considering the impact of rapid sociocultural, political, and economical changes on societies and families, population-based surveys of mental disorders in different communities are needed to describe the magnitude of mental health problems and their disabling effects at the individual, familial, and societal levels. Method: A population-based cross sectional survey (IRCAP project) of 30 532 children and adolescents between 6 and 18 years was conducted in all provinces of Iran using a multistage cluster sampling method. Data were collected by 250 clinical psychologists trained to use the validated Persian version of the semi-structured diagnostic interview Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-PL (K-SADS-PL). Results: In this national epidemiological survey, 6209 out of 30 532 (22.31) were diagnosed with at least one psychiatric disorder. The anxiety disorders (14.13) and behavioral disorders (8.3) had the highest prevalence, while eating disorders (0.13) and psychotic symptoms (0.26) had the lowest. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was significantly lower in girls (OR = 0.85; 95 CI: 0.80-0.90), in those living in the rural area (OR = 0.80; 95 CI: 0.73-0.87), in those aged 15-18 years (OR = 0.92; 95 CI: 0.86-0.99), as well as that was significantly higher in those who had a parent suffering from mental disorders (OR = 1.96; 95 CI: 1.63-2.36 for mother and OR = 1.33; 95 CI: 1.07-1.66 for father) or physical illness (OR = 1.26; 95 CI: 1.17-1.35 for mother and OR = 1.19; 95 CI: 1.10-1.28 for father). Conclusion: About one fifth of Iranian children and adolescents suffer from at least one psychiatric disorder. Therefore, we should give a greater priority to promoting mental health and public health, provide more accessible services and trainings, and reduce barriers to accessing existing services. © 2019 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2019
31. Psychometric analysis of the new ADHD DSM-V derived symptoms
- Author
-
Ghanizadeh Ahmad
- Subjects
ADHD ,DSM-IV ,DSM-V ,Revision ,Subtype ,Factor analysis ,Reliability ,Validity ,Farsi ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Abstract Background Following the agreements on the reformulating and revising of ADHD diagnostic criteria, recently, the proposed revision for ADHD added 4 new symptoms to the hyperactivity and Impulsivity aspect in DSM-V. This study investigates the psychometric properties of the proposed ADHD diagnostic criteria. Method ADHD diagnosis was made according to DSM-IV. The parents completed the screening test of ADHD checklist of Child Symptom Inventory-4 and the 4 items describing the new proposed symptoms in DSM-V. Results The confirmatory factor analysis of the ADHD DSM-V derived items supports the loading of two factors including inattentiveness and hyperactivity/impulsivity. There is a sufficient reliability for the items. However, confirmatory factor analysis showed that the three-factor model is better fitted than the two-factor one. Moreover, the results of the exploratory analysis raised some concerns about the factor loading of the four new items. Conclusions The current results support the two-factor model of the DSM-V ADHD diagnostic criteria including inattentiveness and hyperactivity/impulsivity. However, the four new items can be considered as a third factor.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. How do ADHD children perceive their cognitive, affective, and behavioral aspects of anger expression in school setting?
- Author
-
Haghighi Habib and Ghanizadeh Ahmad
- Subjects
Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Abstract Background Anger is an ignored research area in children and young adolescents with Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the school setting. This study compares school anger dimensions in children and young adolescents with ADHD and a control group. Methods The subjects were a clinical sample of 67 children and young adolescents with ADHD and their parents, with a sample of 91 children from the community of similar age and gender as control group. Anger was measured by the Farsi version of the Multidimensional School Anger Inventory (MSAI). Results The scores of the two components of "Hostile Outlook" and "Positive Coping" were different between the groups. The mean scores for the Anger components did not statistically differ between the children with ADHD and ODD and ADHD without ODD, boys and girls, or different types of ADHD. Conclusion Children with ADHD do not report higher rates of experience of anger and they do not apply destructive strategies more than the control group. However, children with ADHD appear to have a more hostile outlook toward school and their coping strategy is weaker than that of the control group.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Association of nail biting and psychiatric disorders in children and their parents in a psychiatrically referred sample of children
- Author
-
Ghanizadeh Ahmad
- Subjects
Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Abstract Background Nail biting (NB) is a very common unwanted behavior. The majority of children are motivated to stop NB and have already tried to stop it, but are generally unsuccessful in doing so. It is a difficult behavior to modify or treat. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of co-morbid psychiatric disorders in a clinical sample of children with NB who present at a child and adolescent mental healthcare outpatient clinic and the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in their parents. Method A consecutive sample of 450 referred children was examined for NB and 63 (14%) were found to have NB. The children and adolescents with nail biting and their parents were interviewed according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. They were also asked about lip biting, head banging, skin biting, and hair pulling behaviors. Results Nail biting is common amongst children and adolescents referred to a child and adolescent mental health clinic. The most common co-morbid psychiatric disorders in these children were attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (74.6%), oppositional defiant disorder (36%), separation anxiety disorder (20.6%), enuresis (15.6%), tic disorder (12.7%) and obsessive compulsive disorder (11.1%). The rates of major depressive disorder, mental retardation, and pervasive developmental disorder were 6.7%, 9.5%, 3.2%, respectively. There was no association between the age of onset of nail biting and the co-morbid psychiatric disorder. Severity and frequency of NB were not associated with any co-morbid psychiatric disorder. About 56.8% of the mothers and 45.9% of the fathers were suffering from at least one psychiatric disorder. The most common psychiatric disorder found in these parents was major depression. Conclusion Nail biting presents in a significant proportion of referrals to a mental healthcare clinic setting. Nail biting should be routinely looked for and asked for in the child and adolescent mental healthcare setting because it is common in a clinical population, easily visible in consultation and relatively unintrusive to ask about. If present, its detection can then be followed by looking for other more subtle stereotypic or self-mutilating behaviors.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Sleep patterns and habits in high school students in Iran
- Author
-
Moini Rozita, Rezaei Hadi, Rezaei Mehdi, Kianpoor Mohsen, Ghanizadeh Ahmad, Aghakhani kamran, Ahmadi Jamshid, and Moeini Seyed
- Subjects
Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Abstract Background Sleep patterns and habits in high school students in Iran have not been well studied to date. This paper aims to re-address this balance and analyse sleep patterns and habits in Iranian children of high school age. Methods The subjects were 1,420 high school students randomly selected by stratified cluster sampling. This was a self-report study using a questionnaire which included items about usual sleep/wake behaviours over the previous month, such as sleep schedule, falling asleep in class, difficulty falling asleep, tiredness or sleepiness during the day, difficulty getting up in the morning, nightmares, and taking sleeping pills. Results The mean duration of night sleep was 7.7 h, with no difference between girls, boys, and school year (grade). The mean time of waking in the morning was not different between genders. About 9.9% of the girls and 4.6% of the boys perceived their quality of sleep as being bad, and 58% of them reported sleepiness during the day. About 4.2% of the subjects had used medication to enhance sleep. The time of going to bed was associated with grade level and gender. Sleep latency was not associated with gender and grade leve, l and 1.4% experienced bruxism more than four times a week. Conclusion Our results are in contrast with that of previous studies that concluded sleep duration is shorter in Asia than in Europe, that boys woke-up significantly later than girls, and that the frequency of sleep latency category was associated with gender and grade level. The magnitude of the daytime sleepiness, daytime sleepiness during classes, sleep latency, and incidences of waking up at night represent major public health concerns for Iran.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Minocycline as Add-On Treatment Decreases the Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia; A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
- Author
-
Sara Dehbozorgi, Ahmad Ghanizadeh, Zahra Rezaei, and Motahhar OmraniSigaroodi
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Minocycline ,Placebo ,law.invention ,Patents as Topic ,Young Adult ,Double-Blind Method ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Internal medicine ,mental disorders ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Psychiatry ,Adverse effect ,Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ,Risperidone ,Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Clinical trial ,Treatment Outcome ,Schizophrenia ,Drug Therapy, Combination ,Female ,Schizophrenic Psychology ,business ,Antipsychotic Agents ,medicine.drug - Abstract
There are contradictory reports about the efficacy of minocycline for treating schizophrenia. This is a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial investigating the effectiveness of minocycline for treating schizophrenia. Forty three patients with schizophrenia diagnosed according to DSM-IV were randomly allocated into minocycline (200mg/d) + risperidone group (n = 21) or placebo + risperidone group (n = 22). Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for schizophrenia (PANSS), Beck's Depression inventory, and Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) were used. Assessments occurred at baseline, week 4 and week 8. Thirty five patients completed the trial. The changes of SANS total score from baseline to week 4 were not statistically different between the two groups. However, at week 8, there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups. SANS score decreased in the minocycline group more than that of the placebo group (12.2(7.9) versus 6.8(8.6), respectively). The decline of PANSS Negative score from baseline to week 8 in the minocycline group was more than placebo group (4.3(4.2) versus 3.2(3.3). However, the difference was not statistically significant. No one dropped out due to adverse effects. This trial supports the effectiveness of minocycline as an adjuvant treatment with risperidone for treating negative symptoms of patients with schizophrenia. Some patents on the use of tetracycline for the treatment of schizophrenia are also outlined.
- Published
- 2014
36. Psychometric properties of the Farsi translation of the kiddie schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia-present and lifetime version
- Author
-
Mohammadi Mohammad, Ghanizadeh Ahmad, and Yazdanshenas Arash
- Subjects
Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Abstract Background Semi-structural clinical interviews are very important in the area of mental health research and services. There were no studies of the reliability and validity of the Farsi (Persian) version of Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) in Iran. This study compares the results of face-to-face, semi-structural interview and clinical interview by a child and adolescent psychiatrist. Method Subjects were 109 children and adolescents recruited to the child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic of Hafez Hospital. Order of interview (in-psychiatrist or the semi-structural interview) was determined using random assignment within a counterbalanced framework. After, translation and back translation of K-SADS-PL, the Farsi version of K-SADS-PL was provided and used in the study. The interviewer was unaware of the child and adolescent psychiatrist diagnosis at the time of making the interview. Consensual validity, test-retest and inter-rater reliability, sensitivity, specifity, positive and negative predictive validity for the disorders were studied. Results Consensual validity of all of the psychiatric disorders was good to excellent. It was highest for panic disorder, conduct disorder, and simple phobia. Consensual validity of anorexia nervosa was 0.49. There was sufficient validity and test-retest and inter-rater reliability and good to excellent sensitivity and specifity and positive and negative predictive validity for nearly all of the disorders. Test-retest reliabilities of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and tic disorder were 0.81, 0.67, and 0.56; respectively. Inter-rater reliabilities of ADHD, and ODD were 0.69 and 0.69. Tic disorder, post traumatic disorder, panic disorder, and ADHD had the highest positive predictive validities. Conclusion The Farsi version of K-SADS-PL is a valid and reliable interview instrument for use in assessing and diagnosising child and adolescent psychiatric disorders.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder in Iran
- Author
-
Akhondzadeh Shahin, Saberi Seyed, Mesgarpour Bita, Yazdi Seyed, Naghavi Hamid, Afzali Hossein, Davidian Haratoun, Rahgozar Mehdi, Noorbala Ahmad, Ghanizadeh Ahmad, Mohammadi Mohammad, Alaghebandrad Javad, and Tehranidoost Mehdi
- Subjects
Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Abstract Background Estimates of the annual prevalence for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) were consistent across the international sites range, 1.9% – 2.5%. The nine population surveys, which used Diagnostic Interview Schedule, estimated a six-month prevalence of OCD ranging from 0.7% to 2.1%. This study performed in order to determine the prevalence of OCD in a population-based study among Iranian adults aged 18 and older and to study the association of them with factors such as sex, marital status, education, type of occupation and residential area. Methods A cross-sectional nationwide epidemiological study of the Iranian population aged 18 and older was designed to estimate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and their association with the above mentioned factors. 25180 individuals were selected and interviewed through a randomized systematic and cluster sampling method from all Iranian households. Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV) criteria were used in diagnosis of OCD. 250 clinical psychologists interviewed the selected subjects face to face at their homes. Results The prevalence of OCD in Iran is 1.8% (0.7% and 2.8% in males and females; respectively). 50.3% of the survey sample were men, 49.9% women, 29.1% single, 67.45% married, 0.4% separated or divorced, 2.5% widow/widower and 4% undetermined. All of the above-mentioned factors were examined in the univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. Although the data did not fit the models well, but in univariate models, sex, the category "single" of marital status, age, the categories "business" and "housewife" and residential areas showed significant effect adjusting for the factors, but the models didn't fit the data properly. Conclusion The study suggests that the prevalence of OCD is not rare in the community of Iran and is within the range of other countries. Similar to prior studies in other communities, OCD is more common in females than males.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Memantine as an Adjuvant Treatment for Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms in Manic Phase of Bipolar Disorder: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
- Author
-
Ahmad Ghanizadeh, Arash Mowla, Ali Sahraian, and Leila Razeghian Jahromi
- Subjects
Olanzapine ,Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ,Bipolar Disorder ,Placebo ,Clonazepam ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,Benzodiazepines ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pharmacotherapy ,Randomized controlled trial ,Double-Blind Method ,law ,Antimanic Agents ,Memantine ,Internal medicine ,mental disorders ,Outcome Assessment, Health Care ,medicine ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Bipolar disorder ,Psychiatry ,GABA Modulators ,Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic ,business.industry ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,030227 psychiatry ,Clinical trial ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Lithium Compounds ,Drug Therapy, Combination ,Female ,business ,Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,medicine.drug ,Antipsychotic Agents - Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine the effects of memantine as an adjuvant treatment for obsessive compulsive (OC) symptoms in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) type I, manic phase.In this 16-week double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, 58 patients in the manic phase of BD who had OC symptoms were randomly allocated to receive memantine or placebo plus their routine medications (lithium + olanzapine + clonazepam). The Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Behavior Scale was used to assess the outcomes. Adverse effects were also recorded.Thirty-eight patients (19 in the memantine group and 19 in the placebo group) completed the trial. Throughout the trial, the mean score decreased from 20.26 ± 5.91 to 9.73 ± 5.44 in the memantine group (P0.000) and from 22.89 ± 5.70 to 16.63 ± 4.00 in the placebo group (P0.000). At the end of the study, 15 (78.94%) patients in the memantine group and 7 (36.84%) patients in the placebo group demonstrated more than 34% decline in the Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Behavior Scale score (P0.01). No serious adverse effects were reported.Our double-blind controlled clinical trial showed that memantine is an effective adjuvant agent for reducing OC symptoms in patients with BD. However, it needs to be noted that our study is preliminary, and larger double-blind controlled studies are needed to confirm the results.
- Published
- 2017
39. Topiramate as an adjuvant treatment for obsessive compulsive symptoms in patients with bipolar disorder: A randomized double blind placebo controlled clinical trial
- Author
-
Mohammad Bigdeli, Ahmad Ghanizadeh, Shahin Akhondzadeh, and Ali Sahraian
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Topiramate ,Olanzapine ,Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Bipolar Disorder ,Lithium (medication) ,Fructose ,Placebo ,Clonazepam ,law.invention ,Benzodiazepines ,Double-Blind Method ,Randomized controlled trial ,Antimanic Agents ,law ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Bipolar disorder ,Adverse effect ,Psychiatry ,business.industry ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Neuroprotective Agents ,Treatment Outcome ,Lithium Compounds ,Drug Therapy, Combination ,Female ,business ,Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ,medicine.drug - Abstract
It has not been examined trialed whether obsessive compulsive symptoms in patients with bipolar disorder respond to topiramate as an adjuvant treatment.This 4-month double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial examined the efficacy and safety of augmentation with topiramat for treating the patients with bipolar disorder, manic phase type-I, and obsessive compulsive disorder symptoms. Both groups received lithium+olanzapine+clonazepam. However, one group received topiramate and the other group placebo as adjuvant medications. Yale Brown obsessive compulsive behavior scale was used to assess the outcome. Adverse effects were also recorded.A total of 32 patients completed this trial. The mean score decreased from 24.2(4.8) to 17.6(8.7) in the topiramate group (P0.003) and from 20.9(2.9) to 9.6(3.5) in the placebo group during this trial (P0.0001). Additionally, 9(52.9%) out of 17 patients in the topiramate group and 2(12.5%) out of 16 patients in the placebo group showed more than 34% decline in YBOC score (x2=6.0, df=1, P0.01). No serious adverse effects were detected.The limitations of the present study were its small sample size and the fact that it was conducted in a single center.The combination of lithium+olanzapine+clonazepam decreased the symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder in the patients with bipolar disorder type I. However, topiramate had a more significant effect than placebo on improvement of the patients with bipolar disorder and obsessive compulsive symptoms. This combination seems to be without serious adverse effects.
- Published
- 2014
40. Differentiation between Seizure and Hysteria in a Tenth-Century Persian Text:Hidāyatof al-Akhawayni (d. 983 AD)
- Author
-
Behnam Dalfardi, Ahmad Ghanizadeh, Milad Hosseinialhashemi, and Hassan Yarmohammadi
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Psychoanalysis ,General Neuroscience ,Hysteria ,Alternative medicine ,Subject (philosophy) ,Persia ,Context (language use) ,History of medicine ,medicine.disease ,History, Medieval ,language.human_language ,Diagnosis, Differential ,History and Philosophy of Science ,Seizures ,medicine ,language ,Humans ,Neurology (clinical) ,Psychology ,Psychiatry ,Persian - Abstract
Although hysteria is associated largely with the nineteenth century, we find the subject treated in a tenth-century Persian medical text, the Hidayat al-Muta`allemin Fi al-Tibb [A Guide to Medical Learners] by al-Akhawayni Bukhari (d. 983 AD), a prominent physician in the Persian history of medicine. In this article, we discuss al-Akhawayni's views on seizure and hysteria and his differentiation between the two conditions, and we place it in a historical context.
- Published
- 2014
41. Parental Abuse Towards Their Children with ADHD in Iran
- Author
-
Parisa Yazdanshenas, Hassan Farrashbandi, Ali Firoozabadi, Masoud Mousavi Nasab, and Ahmad Ghanizadeh
- Subjects
Child abuse ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Sociology and Political Science ,business.industry ,Poison control ,Impulsivity ,Mental health ,Suicide prevention ,Clinical Psychology ,Physical abuse ,Injury prevention ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,Psychological abuse ,business ,Psychiatry ,Law ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
This study assesses whether or not the three different forms of child abuse, parental “Nonviolence discipline”, “psychological abuse” and “physical abuse”, are associated with ADHD symptoms. The parents of a clinical sample of 108 ADHD children and 102 mothers of school children reported their behaviors using Parent–child Conflict Tactics Scales (CTSPC). The age range of children was from 6 to 15 years old. The mean scores of all the three types of abuse in the ADHD group were statistically higher than those in the comparison group. Inattentiveness and hyperactivity/impulsivity scores are not associated with the scores of abuse in ADHD children. Parental abuse occurs in a cluster of different types of abuse. Mental health professionals can be involved for all the three types of prevention of parental abuse.
- Published
- 2014
42. Aripiprazole Versus Risperidone for Treating Children and Adolescents with Tic Disorder: A Randomized Double Blind Clinical Trial
- Author
-
Ahmad Ghanizadeh and Alireza Haghighi
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,Tic disorder ,Adolescent ,Aripiprazole ,Quinolones ,Piperazines ,law.invention ,Double blind ,Double-Blind Method ,Quality of life ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Humans ,Child ,Psychiatry ,Adverse effect ,Risperidone ,medicine.disease ,Clinical trial ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Treatment Outcome ,Tic Disorders ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Quality of Life ,Female ,Psychology ,Antipsychotic Agents ,medicine.drug - Abstract
There are some uncontrolled studies about the efficacy and safety of both aripiprazole and risperidone for treating tic disorder. Moreover, the efficacy of these medications has never been compared. This is the first double blind randomized clinical trial comparing the safety and efficacy of aripiprazole and risperidone for treating patients with tic disorder. Sixty children and adolescents with tic disorder were randomly allocated into one of the two groups to receive either aripiprazole or risperidone for 2 months. The primary outcome measure was the score of Yale Global Tic Severity Scale. In addition, health related quality of life and adverse events were assessed. Both aripiprazole and risperidone decreased the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale score during this trial. Moreover, both medications increased the health related quality of life score. Both aripiprazole and risperidone were tolerated well. Aripiprazole [3.22 (1.9) mg/day] decreased tic score as much as risperidone [0.6 (0.2) mg/day]. Their adverse effects and their effects on health related quality of life were comparable. However, risperidone increased the patients' social functioning more than aripiprazole in short term.
- Published
- 2013
43. Social factors in Iranian medical students' drug use
- Author
-
Hamid Ashkani, Hossein Sanaei-Zadeh, Mohammad Ali Ghanizadeh‐Zarchi, and Ahmad Ghanizadeh
- Subjects
Drug ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health (social science) ,Variables ,biology ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,education ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,biology.organism_classification ,Social control theory ,Heroin ,medicine ,Cannabis ,Psychiatry ,business ,Association (psychology) ,Social learning theory ,media_common ,Clinical psychology ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background: There is an increasing concern about youth drug use in Iran.Aim: This survey investigated the association between variables in social control theory and social learning theory (having a drug‐using friend) with students' self‐reported drug use.Design: Self‐reporting of the use of cigarettes, cannabis, alcohol and opioids (opiate, heroin). Students responded to the question: “If you have ever used the drug, when was the last time?” The dependent (drug‐using) and independent variables were examined in an association model.Participants: One hundred and seventy‐three Shiraz Paramedical University Students were selected randomly and asked to complete a questionnaire.Finding: Although the model of drug use for each of the drugs was different, their similarities were more than their differences.Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between social learning theory variables and drug use. Some of social control theory variables had significant correlation with drug use, such as religious attach...
- Published
- 2005
44. AUGMENTATION OF FLUOXETINE WITH LOVASTATIN FOR TREATING MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, A RANDOMIZED DOUBLE-BLIND PLACEBO CONTROLLED-CLINICAL TRIAL
- Author
-
Arvin Hedayati and Ahmad Ghanizadeh
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Fluoxetine ,Statin ,medicine.drug_class ,medicine.disease ,Placebo ,Clinical trial ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Major depressive disorder ,Lovastatin ,Psychiatry ,Adverse effect ,Psychology ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Backgrounds There are contradictory evidence about the effect of statins on depression. This 6-week-randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial assessed the efficacy and safety of lovastatin as an adjuvant agent for treating major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods The participants were 68 patients with MDD according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. The sample was randomly allocated into fluoxetine (up to 40 mg/day) plus lovastatin (30 mg/day) group or fluoxetine plus placebo group. Hamilton Depression Rating scale was used to measure depression score at baseline, week 2, and week 6. Results Both groups showed a significant decrease of depression score on the Hamilton Depression scale. However, the treatment group decreased depression score more than placebo group [12.8(6.3) vs. 8.2(4.0), t = 3.4, df = 60, P < .001]. Any serious adverse effect was not found. Discussion These results suggest that lovastatin as an adjuvant treatment may be effective for treating patients with MDD.
- Published
- 2013
45. A Systematic Review of the Efficacy and Safety of Desipramine for Treating ADHD
- Author
-
Ahmad Ghanizadeh
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,MEDLINE ,Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic ,Toxicology ,Severity of Illness Index ,Desipramine ,mental disorders ,Severity of illness ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Child ,Psychiatry ,Adverse effect ,Pharmacology ,Clinical Trials as Topic ,business.industry ,Guideline ,medicine.disease ,Review article ,Clinical trial ,Treatment Outcome ,Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
This review article systematically and critically summarizes the current evidence regarding desipramine for treating children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). PRISMA guideline was used for gathering the data. The databases of PubMed/Medline and Google scholar were electronically searched. This review included controlled clinical trials investigating the efficacy of desipramine for treating children and adolescents with ADHD. The primary outcome measure was clinical improvement measured by valid and reliable objective instruments in order to assess the severity of ADHD clinical symptoms. Adverse effects were evaluated as well. Out of 267 titles under the study, thirty three articles mentioned desipramine for treating ADHD. Two trials met the inclusion criteria. Desipramine decreases ADHD clinical symptoms. However, there are many concerns about its safety and efficacy. In view of serious concerns about its safety and lack of enough well-controlled trials providing strong evidence about the efficacy of desipraimine, it should be prescribed for treating children with ADHD with a high precaution, and further well-controlled trials should be performed.
- Published
- 2013
46. A Head-to-Head Comparison of Aripiprazole and Risperidone for Safety and Treating Autistic Disorders, a Randomized Double Blind Clinical Trial
- Author
-
Michael Berk, Aliakbar Sahraeizadeh, and Ahmad Ghanizadeh
- Subjects
Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Aripiprazole ,Placebo-controlled study ,Quinolones ,Piperazines ,law.invention ,Double-Blind Method ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Humans ,Autistic Disorder ,Child ,Psychiatry ,Adverse effect ,Risperidone ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Body Weight ,medicine.disease ,Irritable Mood ,Clinical trial ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical equipoise ,Treatment Outcome ,Child, Preschool ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Autism ,Female ,Psychology ,Antipsychotic Agents ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Aripiprazole and risperidone are the only FDA approved medications for treating irritability in autistic disorder, however there are no head-to-head data comparing these agents. This is the first prospective randomized clinical trial comparing the safety and efficacy of these two medications in patients with autism spectrum disorders. Fifty nine children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders were randomized to receive either aripiprazole or risperidone for 2 months. The primary outcome measure was change in Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) scores. Adverse events were assessed. Aripiprazole as well as risperidone lowered ABC scores during 2 months. The rates of adverse effects were not significantly different between the two groups. The safety and efficacy of aripiprazole (mean dose 5.5 mg/day) and risperidone (mean dose 1.12 mg/day) were comparable. The choice between these two medications should be on the basis of clinical equipoise considering the patient's preference and clinical profile.
- Published
- 2013
47. Agreement between Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, and the proposed DSM-V attention deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnostic criteria: an exploratory study
- Author
-
Ahmad Ghanizadeh
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Psychometrics ,lcsh:RC435-571 ,MEDLINE ,Exploratory research ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,lcsh:Psychiatry ,Interview, Psychological ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Humans ,Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ,Child ,Psychiatry ,medicine.disease ,Predictive value ,Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ,Case-Control Studies ,Female ,Literature study ,Psychology ,Kappa ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Background There is no empirical literature about the American Psychiatry Association proposed new diagnostic criteria for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study examined the agreement between ADHD diagnosis derived from Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Fourth Edition ( DSM-IV ), and DSM-V diagnostic criteria. It also reports sensitivity, specificity, and agreement for ADHD diagnosis. Methods A clinical sample of 246 children and adolescents were interviewed face to face using both ADHD diagnostic criteria for DSM-V and DSM-IV by interviewing clinician. Comorbid psychiatric disorders were screened using DSM-IV criteria. Results The rate of ADHD diagnosis using DSM-V was significantly higher than the rate detected by using DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. The sensitivity of DSM-V diagnostic criteria was 100%, while its specificity was 71.1%. The kappa agreement between DSM-IV and DSM-V was 0.75. In addition, positive predictive value was 85.1%. All the four newly added symptoms to ADHD diagnostic criteria are statistically more common in the children with ADHD than those in the comparison group. However, these symptoms are also very common in the children without ADHD. Conclusion It is expected that the rate of ADHD would increase using the proposed ADHD DSM-V criteria. Moreover, the newly added symptoms have a low specificity for ADHD diagnosis.
- Published
- 2013
48. The effect of electroconvulsive therapy on blood glucose, creatinine levels, and lipid profile and its association with the type of psychiatric disorders
- Author
-
Ahmad Ghanizadeh, Motahhar Omrani Sigaroody, Mohammad Issaee, and Kamrooz Kaviani
- Subjects
Adult ,Blood Glucose ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Electroconvulsive therapy ,Internal medicine ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Humans ,Bipolar disorder ,Electroconvulsive Therapy ,Psychiatry ,Creatinine ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Triglyceride ,Cholesterol ,Mental Disorders ,Cell Biology ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Lipids ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Schizophrenia ,Major depressive disorder ,Female ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Lipid profile ,Psychology - Abstract
Although the mechanism of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is not clearly known, its effects on hormones have been widely studied. However, there are controversies about the effect of ECT on blood glucose level. In addition, the possible effects of ECT on the blood cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglyceride levels are ignored research areas. The present study was conducted on 99 patients with major depressive disorder, bipolar mood disorder, or schizophrenia. Overall, two blood samples were taken. The first of which was taken before administering ECT and the second one was taken during 20 min after taking ECT while the patients were on fasting. The blood glucose, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglyceride, and creatinine levels were measured. The blood glucose and cholesterol levels after taking ECT were statistically more than those of pre-ECT. However, no significant difference was found between pre- and post-ECT regarding the levels of LDL, HDL, triglyceride, and creatinine. Moreover, the type of psychiatric disorder, weight, height, age, and gender did not predict the post-ECT glucose level. ECT may immediately increase the blood glucose and total cholesterol levels, while it does not affect any of the other mentioned parameters. These increases seem to be independent of the type of psychiatric disorders.
- Published
- 2012
49. Celecoxib as adjunctive treatment to risperidone in children with autistic disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
- Author
-
Amirhossein Modabbernia, Ahmad Ghanizadeh, Shahin Akhondzadeh, Saeedeh Forghani, Mandana Ashrafi, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Mahtab Asadabadi, and Elmira Hassanzadeh
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Placebo-controlled study ,Irritability ,Placebo ,law.invention ,Lethargy ,Double-Blind Method ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Autistic Disorder ,Child ,Psychiatry ,Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ,Pharmacology ,Sulfonamides ,Risperidone ,Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Treatment Outcome ,Celecoxib ,Child, Preschool ,Adjunctive treatment ,Pyrazoles ,Drug Therapy, Combination ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Antipsychotic Agents ,Follow-Up Studies ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Autism is associated with activation of the inflammatory response system. This study aims to assess the efficacy of a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of autism In a 10-week randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study, 40 outpatient children with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, text revision clinical diagnosis of autism were randomly allocated to celecoxib plus risperidone or placebo plus risperidone. The dose of risperidone and celecoxib were titrated up to 3 and 300 mg/day, respectively. Patients were assessed at baseline and after 2, 4, 6, and 10 weeks of starting medication using the Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Community (ABC-C) Rating Scale. Primary outcome measure was the change in irritability subscale of ABC-C. Significant time × treatment interaction was observed for Irritability (F (1.658, 63.021) = 13.580, P
- Published
- 2012
50. Psychiatric problems and suicidal behaviour in incarcerated adolescents in the Islamic Republic of Iran
- Author
-
Ahmad Ghanizadeh, S Z Nouri, and S S Nabi
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Poison control ,Suicide, Attempted ,Iran ,Suicide prevention ,Young Adult ,Prevalence of mental disorders ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Risk Factors ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Humans ,Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ,Psychiatry ,Depressive Disorder ,business.industry ,Prisoners ,Reproducibility of Results ,Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Anxiety Disorders ,Suicide ,Logistic Models ,Adolescent Behavior ,Conduct disorder ,Schizophrenia ,Juvenile Delinquency ,Major depressive disorder ,business - Abstract
Data are lacking about the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and suicidal behaviour in incarcerated adolescents in Asia. This cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and the prediction of suicidal attempts in 100 incarcerated males aged 12-19 years in Shiraz. Data were collected in face-to-face interview using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (Farsi version). The mean age was 16.8 (SD 1.3) years and mean age at first imprisonment was 16.0 (SD 1.5) years. Nearly 70% of the adolescents had at least one current psychiatric disorder, the commonest being: conduct disorder (55%), oppositional defiant disorder (48%) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (33%); 11% had major depressive disorder and 2% schizophrenia. In all, 20% had self-harmed without intent to kill themselves and 12% had attempted suicide, 50% of whom had tried more than once. In logistic regression analysis only self-harming behaviour and major depressive disorder were significant predictors of attempted suicide.
- Published
- 2012
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.