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Among animals, natural selection has resulted in a broad array of behavioral strategies to maintain core body temperature in a relatively narrow range. These strategies include social thermoregulation, the use of con-specifics to warm the body through activities like huddling. We suspected that the same selection pressures that apply to other animals also apply to humans, producing individual differences in the tendency to socially thermoregulate that should shape other aspects of personality. We conducted an exploratory, hypothesis-generating cross-sectional project to examine associations between thermoregulation and personality. We used conditional random forests in a training segment of our dataset to identify clusters of variables most likely to be shaped by individual differences to thermoregulate. We used the resulting clusters to fit hypothesis-generating mediation models. We will test the replicability of these models in both a test segment of our dataset and in a new replication dataset of 439 French students [concluding sentence to be added when the new data are analyzed. Concluding sentence will be modest on causal inferences and include “Constraints on Generality”]

We conducted preregistered replications of 28 classic and contemporary published findings with protocols that were peer reviewed in advance to examine variation in effect magnitudes across sample and setting. Each protocol was administered to approximately half of 125 samples and 15,305 total participants from 36 countries and territories. Using conventional statistical significance (p < .05), fifteen (54%) of the replications provided evidence in the same direction and statistically significant as the original finding. With a strict significance criterion (p < .0001), fourteen (50%) provide such evidence reflecting the extremely high powered design. Seven (25%) of the replications had effect sizes larger than the original finding and 21 (75%) had effect sizes smaller than the original finding. The median comparable Cohen’s d effect sizes for original findings was 0.60 and for replications was 0.15. Sixteen replications (57%) had small effect sizes (< .20) and 9 (32%) were in the opposite direction from the original finding. Across settings, 11 (39%) showed significant heterogeneity using the Q statistic and most of those were among the findings eliciting the largest overall effect sizes; only one effect that was near zero in the aggregate showed significant heterogeneity. Only one effect showed a Tau > 0.20 indicating moderate heterogeneity. Nine others had a Tau near or slightly above 0.10 indicating slight heterogeneity. In moderation tests, very little heterogeneity was attributable to task order, administration in lab versus online, and exploratory WEIRD versus less WEIRD culture comparisons. Cumulatively, variability in observed effect sizes was more attributable to the effect being studied than the sample or setting in which it was studied.\ud \ud Data, materials and code available at: https://osf.io/8cd4r/

Body temperature regulation is of crucial importance for nonhuman and human animals. Because other animals are crucial in helping to regulate body temperature, temperature differences likely determine how humans think about their social environment. Since 2008, the psychological literature on social thermoregulation has flourished with approximately 80 reports, ranging from economic decision-making to self-regulation. However, questions have arisen over its robustness and about underlying mechanisms, particularly in relation to differences in past relationship experiences. In this report, the authors used an inductive approach, exploring individual differences to identify items that alter the temperature-social thought relationship in a pilot (Study 1), and confirming the effects in Study 2 (total N for 1 and 2 = 366), both of which were not pre-registered. After a first review with the present journal, we preregistered our replication and successfully replicated our effects in a French sample (N = 350). Coldness (vs. warmth) makes people think about closer others when past relationship experiences were positive, while the reverse is true for negative past relationship experiences. These robust results provide future directions for the field of social thermoregulation.Keywords: social thermoregulation, close relationships, interpersonal relationships, temperature

The present article reports the results of a meta-analysis of nine student replication projects of Elliot et al.’s (2010) findings from Experiment 3, that women were more attracted to photographs of men with red borders (total n = 640). The eight student projects were part of the Collaborative Replication and Education Project (CREP; https://osf.io/wfc6u/), a research crowdsourcing project for undergraduate students. All replications were reviewed by experts to ensure high quality data, and were pre-registered prior to data collection. Results of this meta-analysis showed no effect of red on attractiveness ratings for either perceived attractiveness (mean ratings difference = –0.07, 95% CI [–0.31, 0.16]) or sexual attractiveness (mean ratings difference = –0.06, 95% CI [–0.36, 0.24]); this null result held with and without Elliot et al.’s (2010) data included in analyses. Exploratory analyses examining whether being in a relationship moderated the effect of color on attractiveness ratings also produced null results.

Tearful crying is a ubiquitous and mainly human phenomenon. The persistence of this behavior throughout adulthood has fascinated and puzzled many researchers. Scholars have argued that emotional tears serve an attachment function: Tears are thought to act as a social glue that binds individuals together and triggers social support intentions. Initial experimental studies supported this proposition across several methodologies, but these were typically conducted only across Western participants, resulting in limited generalizability. The present study examines this effect across 36 countries spanning all populated continents, providing the most comprehensive investigation of the social effects of tearful crying to-date. Next to testing possible mediating factors, we also examine a number of moderating factors, including the crier’s gender and group membership, the situational valence (positive or negative situations), the social context (in private or public settings), the perceived appropriateness of crying, and trait empathy of the observer. The current work can inform theories on crying across the social sciences.

Zwaan et al. integrated previous articles to promote making replications mainstream. We wholeheartedly agree. We extend their discussion by highlighting several existing initiatives – the Replication Recipe and the Collaborative Education and Research Project (CREP) - which aim to make replications mainstream. We hope this exchange further stimulates making replications mainstream.

Social thermoregulation theory posits that modern human relationships are pleisiomorphically organized around body temperature regulation. In two studies (N = 1755) designed to test the principles from this theory, we used supervised machine learning to identify social and non-social factors that relate to core body temperature. This data-driven analysis found that complex social integration (CSI), defined as the number of high-contact roles one engages in, is a critical predictor of core body temperature. We further used a cross-validation approach to show that colder climates relate to higher levels of CSI, which in turn relates to higher CBT (when climates get colder). These results suggest that despite modern affordances for regulating body temperature, people still rely on social warmth to buffer their bodies against the cold. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Replication is one key component towards a robust cumulative knowledge base. It plays a critical function in assessing the stability of the scientific literature. Replication involves closely repeating the procedure of a study and determining if the results are similar to the original. For decades, behavioral scientists were reluctant to publish replications. Reasons were epistemic and pragmatic. First of all, original studies were viewed as conclusive in most cases, and failures to replicate were often attributed to mistakes by the replicating researcher. In addition, failures to replicate may be caused by numerous factors. This inherent ambiguity made replications less desirable to journals. On the other hand, replication successes were expected and considered to contribute little beyond what was already known. Finally, editorial policies did not encourage the publication of replications, leaving the robustness of scientific findings largely unreported. A series of events ultimately led the research community to reconsider replication and research practices at large: the discovery of several cases of large-scale scientific misconduct (i.e., fraud), the invention and/or application of new statistical tools to assess strength of evidence, high-profile publications suggesting that some common practices may be less robust than previously assumed, failure to replicate some major findings of the field, and the creation of new, online tools aimed to promote transparency in the field. To deal with what is often regarded as the crisis of confidence, initiatives have been developed to increase the transparency of research practices, including (but not limited to) pre-registration of studies, effect size predictions and sample size/power estimation, and, of course, replications. Replication projects themselves evolved in quality: From replications that were originally as small in sample as problematically small original studies to large-scale “Many Labs” collaborative projects. Ultimately, the development of higher quality replication projects and open science tools has led (and will continue to lead) to a clearer understanding of human behavior and cognition and have contributed to a clearer distinction between exploratory and confirmatory behavioral science. The current bibliography gives an overview of the history of replications, of the development of tools and guidelines, and of review papers discussing theoretical implications of replications.

In this chapter, we compare deep learning and classical approaches for detection of baby cry sounds in various domestic environments under challenging signal-to-noise ratio conditions. Automatic cry detection has applications in commercial products (such as baby remote monitors) as well as in medical and psycho-social research. We design and evaluate several convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures for baby cry detection, and compare their performance to that of classical machine-learning approaches, such as logistic regression and support vector machines. In addition to feed-forward CNNs, we analyze the performance of recurrent neural network (RNN) architectures, which are able to capture temporal behavior of acoustic events. We show that by carefully designing CNN architectures with specialized non-symmetric kernels, better results are obtained compared to common CNN architectures.

Attachment theory was built around the idea that infants rely on others to survive, and it is often forgotten that survival hinged on coping with environmental demands. Adult attachment reports have instead been organized around people's subjective experience of safety and security in relationships. To resolve the gap between infant's physical needs and adult attachment experiences, we made a first step by developing the Social Thermoregulation and Risk Avoidance Questionnaire (STRAQ-1) in 12 countries (N = 1510), providing a complementary measure to identify biological drives formative to attachment. We conjectured that co-regulatory patterns of temperature and stress are foundational to attachment styles and on this basis used a naive bootstrapping method to find a robust solution, conducting seven exploratory factor analyses in an exploratory-confirmatory fashion. We identified 23 (out of 57) items in 4 subscales: Social Thermoregulation (Total Omega = .83), High Temperature Sensitivity (.83), Solitary Thermoregulation (.77), and Risk Avoidance (.57). In terms of external validity, we also found that the STRAQ-1 relates to emotion regulation strategies broadly and, importantly, relates to individual differences in attachment specifically, which in turn mediates the relationship with stress and health (making the scale face valid). Our approach provides a robust first effort in identifying biological mechanisms underlying attachment formation.

Replication efforts in psychological science sometimes fail to replicate prior findings. If replications use methods that are unfaithful to the original study or ineffective in eliciting the phenomenon of interest, then a failure to replicate may be a failure of the replication protocol rather than a challenge to the original finding. Formal pre-data collection peer review by experts may address shortcomings and increase replicability rates. We selected 10 replications from the Reproducibility Project: Psychology (RP:P; Open Science Collaboration, 2015) in which the original authors had expressed concerns about the replication designs before data collection and only one of which was “statistically significant” (p < .05). Commenters on RP:P suggested that lack of adherence to expert review and low-powered tests were the reasons that most of these failed to replicate (Gilbert et al., 2016). We revised the replication protocols and received formal peer review prior to conducting new replications. We administered the RP:P and Revised replication protocols in multiple laboratories (Median number of laboratories per original study = XX; Range XX to YY; Median total sample = XX; Range XX to YY) for high-powered tests of each original finding with both protocols. Overall, XX of 10 RP:P protocols and XX of 10 Revised protocols showed significant evidence in the same direction as the original finding (p < .05), compared to an expected XX. The median effect size was [larger/smaller/similar] for Revised protocols (ES = .XX) compared to RP:P protocols (ES = .XX), and [larger/smaller/similar] compared to the original studies (ES = .XX) and [larger/smaller/similar] compared to the original RP:P replications (ES = .XX). Overall, Revised protocols produced [much larger/somewhat larger/similar] effect sizes compared to RP:P protocols (ES = .XX). We also elicited peer beliefs about the replications through prediction markets and surveys of a group of researchers in psychology. The peer researchers predicted that the Revised protocols would [decrease/not affect/increase] the replication rate, [consistent with/not consistent with] the observed replication results. The results suggest that the lack of replicability of these findings observed in RP:P was [partly/completely/not] due to discrepancies in the RP:P protocols that could be resolved with expert peer review.

Do colored backgrounds lead to polarized judgments? Zarkadi and Schnall (2012) found in their Study 1 that, indeed, exposing participants to a black-and-white (versus other colored) background polarized participants’ judgments in a moral dilemma task. This study supported a moral intuitionist model of moral judgment and lent further support to so-called Conceptual Metaphor Theories (Lakoff & Johnson, 1999). We replicated the effect in three high-powered preregistered studies (total N = 846). We successfully replicated the same result of ZS1 in one study (Study 2), but were unable to replicate the effect in two other studies (Studies 1 and 3). A meso-analysis including both our 3 replications and the original study showed no significant effect of background color on moral judgment. We infer that, based on the wide confidence interval of the original study and the lack of evidence in the replication studies, there is no relationship between color of background and polarized judgments. We call for highly-powered within-designs to study the relationship between color and moral judgment. Materials, data, and code available at https://osf.io/8ksqj/.

The psychological literature has shown that sharing one’s emotions with loved ones does not alleviate distress. We challenge this notion. In four studies (N=2581), participants were asked to recall an emotional episode (Studies 1a-2: sadness, fear, affection, joy, anger) and write about this episode. Not replicating prior work, participants shared emotions less frequently than in previous work and not all emotions were shared equally. In Study 3 (N=894), participants also answered relationship-relevant variables (communal strength and liking) and individual difference variables (comfort with touch); we found that people who are comfortable with touch by loved ones and who are in a high-quality relationship with their interaction partner reflect more and ruminate less about the episode and are less stressed. Findings about self-reported health were inconclusive. Our work shows that sharing one’s sad episodes can help, if one can “outsource” the emotion to a loved one.

The credibility of scientific claims depends upon the transparency of the research products upon which they are based (e.g. study protocols, data, materials, and analysis scripts). As psychology navigates a period of unprecedented introspection, user-friendly tools and services that support open science have flourished. However, the plethora of decisions and choices involved can be bewildering. Here we provide a practical guide to help researchers navigate the process of preparing and sharing the products of their research (e.g. choosing a repository, preparing their research products for sharing, structuring folders, etc.). Being an open scientist means adopting a few straightforward research management practices, which lead to less error prone, reproducible research workflows. Further, this adoption can be piecemeal – each incremental step towards complete transparency adds positive value. Transparent research practices not only improve the efficiency of individual researchers, they enhance the credibility of the knowledge generated by the scientific community., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

We report a replication and extension of a finding from Studies 1 and 2 of Van Lange et al .'s influential paper (Van Lange et al. 1997 J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 73 , 733–746. ( doi:10.1037/0022-3514.73.4.733 )), which showed an association between Social Value Orientation (SVO) and attachment security. We report a close replication but with measures of attachment that are considered superior in comparison to measures used by Van Lange et al ., due to subsequent psychometric improvements. Psychometric analyses indeed showed that our attachment measures were reliable and valid, demonstrating theoretically predicted associations with other outcomes. With a sample ( N = 879) sufficiently large to detect d = 0.19 (and larger than the original N = 573), we failed to replicate the effect. Based on the available evidence, we interpret as there being no evidence for the link between attachment security and Social Value Orientation, but further replication research that uses solid measures and large samples can provide more definite conclusions about the association between attachment and SVO.

In the present paper we will apply the Predictive And Reactive Control Systems (PARCS) theory as a framework that integrates competing theories of neural substrates of awareness by describing the “default mode network” (DMN) and anterior insula (AI) as parts of two different behavioral and homeostatic control systems. The DMN, a network that becomes active at rest when there is no external stimulation or task to perform, has been implicated in self-reflective awareness and prospection. By contrast, the AI is associated with awareness and task-related attention. This has led to competing theories stressing the role of the DMN in self-awareness versus the role of interoceptive and emotional information integration in the AI in awareness of the emotional moment. In PARCS, the respective function of the DMN and AI in a specific control system explains their association with different qualities of awareness, and how mental states can shift from one state (e.g., prospective self-reflection) to the other (e.g., awareness of the emotional moment) depending on the relative dominance of control systems. These shifts between reactive and predictive control are part of processes that enable the intake of novel information, integration of this novel information within existing knowledge structures, and the creation of a continuous personal context in which novel information can be integrated and understood. As such, PARCS can explain key characteristics of mental states, such as their temporal and spatial focus (e.g., a focus on the here and now vs. the future; a 1st person vs. a 3rd person perspective). PARCS further relates mental states to brain states and functions, such as activation of the DMN or hemispheric asymmetry in frontal cortical functions. Together, PARCS deepens the understanding of a broad range of mental states, including mindfulness, mind wandering, rumination, autobiographical memory, imagery, and the experience of self.This paper was published in Frontiers:Tops, M., Boksem, M. A., Quirin, M., IJzerman, H., & Koole, S. L. (2014). Internally directed cognition and mindfulness: An integrative perspective derived from predictive and reactive control systems theory. Frontiers in Psychology, 5.

In their target article Kalisch et al. provide an appraisal-based model to explain resilience from stress. Three cognitive classes shape their posited individual’s appraisal style: Positive situation classification, reappraisal, and interference inhibition. They posit that a positive appraisal style is “the primary pathway to resilience” and that their model provides new avenues for prevention. We concur with the authors that we need to rely on biosocial models to understand the development of resilience. However in our view the model misses an important component: The functional relevance of the agent’s relational experiences. We concur that stress, or, more broadly, emotions have adaptive functions. But for their model and for interventions it is crucial to know whether emotions should be reappraised or whether they can actually contribute to resilience. We think that for answering this question, we need to extend their biosocial model by adding the agent’s begin-state φ – a resilience factor they ponder about. Prevention interventions that are focused solely on individual facets and ignore the agent’s relational context (which are indeed non-independent) in some instances may well lead to alienation – and, we think – to greater stress, poorer resilience, and worse health instead.This paper was published in Behavioral and Brain Sciences:IJzerman, H., & Lindenberg, S. (2015). The self in its social context: Why resilience needs company. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 38.

Classical theories on interpersonal relations have long suggested that social interactions are influenced by sensation, like the experience of warmth. Past empirical work now confirms that perceived differences in temperature impact how people form thoughts about relationships. The present work first integrates our knowledge database on brand research with this idea of “grounded social cognition”. It then leverages a large sample (total N = 2,552) toward elucidating links between estimates of temperature and positive versus negative evaluations of communal brands. In five studies, the authors have found that thinking about positively (vs. negatively) perceived communal brands leads to heightened temperature estimates. A meta-analysis of the five studies shows a small but consistent effect in this noisy environment, r = .11, 95% CI, .05, .18. Exploratory analyses in Studies 1a and b further suggest that temperature perceptions mediate the (significant) relationship between perceived communality and willingness to purchase from the brand. The authors discuss implications for theory and practice, and consider the effects from a Social Baseline Perspective.This paper was published in PloS one: IJzerman, H., Janssen, J. A., & Coan, J. A. (2015). Maintaining warm, trusting relationships with brands: increased temperature perceptions after thinking of communal brands. PloS one, 10(4), e0125194.

Attachment theory (Bowlby, 1969/1982) posits the existence of internal working models as a foundational feature of human bonds. Radical embodied approaches instead suggest that cognition requires no computation or representation, favoring a cognition situated in a body in an environmental context with affordances for action (Barrett, 2011; Chemero, 2009; Wilson & Golonka, 2013). We explore whether embodied approaches to social soothing, interpersonal warmth, separation distress, and support seeking could replace representational constructs such as internal working models with a view of relationship cognition anchored in the resources afforded to the individual by their brain, body, and environment in interaction.We review the neurobiological bases for social attachments and relationships and attempt to delineate how these systems overlap or don’t with more basic physiological systems in ways that support or contradict a radical embodied explanation. We suggest that many effects might be the result of the fact that relationship cognition depends on and emerges out of the action of neural systems that regulate several clearly physically grounded systems. For example, the neuropeptide oxytocin appears to be central to attachment and pair-bond behavior (Carter & Keverne, 2002) and is implicated in social thermoregulation more broadly, being necessary for maintaining a warm body temperature as has been discovered in rats (Kasahara et al., 2007) and humans (Beck et al., 1979).Finally, we discuss the most challenging issues around taking a radically embodied perspective on social relationships. We find the most crucial challenge in individual differences in support seeking and responses to social contact, which have long been thought to be a function of representational structures in the mind (e.g., Baldwin, 1995). Together we entertain the thought to explain such individual differences without mediating representations or computations.This paper was published in Frontiers:Beckes, L., IJzerman, H., & Tops, M. (2015). Toward a radically embodied neuroscience of attachment and relationships. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 9.

Linguistic category priming is a novel paradigm to examine automatic influences of language on cognition (Semin, 2008). An initial article reported that priming abstract linguistic categories (adjectives) led to more global perceptual processing, whereas priming concrete linguistic categories (verbs) led to more local perceptual processing (Stapel & Semin, 2007). However, this report was compromised by data fabrication by the first author, so that it remains unclear whether or not linguistic category priming influences perceptual processing. To fill this gap in the literature, the present article reports 12 studies among Dutch and US samples examining the perceptual effects of linguistic category priming. The results yielded no evidence of linguistic category priming effects. These findings are discussed in relation to other research showing cultural variations in linguistic category priming effects (IJzerman, Saddlemyer, & Koole, 2014a). The authors conclude by highlighting the importance of conducting and publishing replication research for achieving scientific progress.This paper was published in Acta Psychologica:IJzerman, H., Regenberg, N. F., Saddlemyer, J., & Koole, S. L. (2015). Perceptual effects of linguistic category priming: The Stapel and Semin (2007) paradigm revisited in twelve experiments. Acta Psychologica, 157, 23-29.

In this article, we comment on the replication attempt by Ebersole and colleagues (2015) on the effect that communal (vs. agentic) priming leads to estimates of higher ambient temperature. We conclude that the probability that the effect is true is considerable, but only at lower ambient temperatures. We comment on “hidden moderators”, data quality, and theoretical and methodological consequences of replication studies.This paper was published in Journal of Experimental Social Psychology:IJzerman, H., Szymkow, A., & Parzuchowski, M. (2016). Warmer hearts, and warmer, but noisier rooms: Communality does elicit warmth, but only for those in colder ambient temperatures—Commentary on Ebersole et al.(2016). Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 67, 88-90.

Shackelford and colleagues (2004) found that men, compared to women, are more distressed by sexual than emotional infidelity, and this sex difference continued into older age. We conducted four high-powered replications (total N = 1,952) of this effect and found different results. A meta-analysis of original and replication studies finds the sex difference in younger samples (though with a smaller effect size), and no effect among older samples. Furthermore, we found attitude toward uncommitted sex to be a mediator (although not consistently in the same direction) between participant sex and relative distress between sexual and emotional infidelity. We hypothesize that the discrepancies between the original and replication studies may be due to changing cultural attitudes about sex across time. Confirming this speculative interpretation requires further investigation.This paper was published in Social Psychology:Ijzerman, H., Blanken, I., Brandt, M. J., Oerlemans, H., van den Hoogenhof, M., Franken, S., & Oerlemans, M. (2014). Sex differences in distress from infidelity in early adulthood and in later life: A replication and meta-analysis of Shackelford et al.(2004). Social Psychology, 45(3), 202-208.

Open Science Collaboration (in press). Maximizing the reproducibility of your research. In S. O. Lilienfeld & I. D. Waldman (Eds.), Psychological Science Under Scrutiny: Recent Challenges and Proposed Solutions. New York, NY: Wiley.

With the changing of modal research practices in psychology, the grounded cognition perspective (sometimes categorized under the more popular term of “social priming”) has become heavily criticized. Specifically, LeBel and Campbell (2013) reported a failed replication of a study involving what some would call ‘social priming’. We sought to replicate a study from our own lab (IJzerman & Semin, 2009), to investigate the reproducibility of the reported effect that physical warmth leads to a greater focus on perceptual relations. We also improved our methods to reduce potential experimenter’s bias (cf. Doyen, Klein, Pichon, & Cleeremans, 2012). We successfully replicated the finding that a simple cue of physical warmth makes people more likely to adopt a relational focus.This paper was published in PLoS one:Schilder, J. D., IJzerman, H., & Denissen, J. J. (2014). Physical warmth and perceptual focus: A replication of IJzerman and Semin (2009). PloS one, 9(11), e112772.

Automatic detection of a baby cry in audio signals is an essential step in applications such as remote baby monitoring. It is also important for researchers, who study the relation between baby cry patterns and various health or developmental parameters. In this paper, we propose two machine-learning algorithms for automatic detection of baby cry in audio recordings. The first algorithm is a low-complexity logistic regression classifier, used as a reference. To train this classifier, we extract features such as Mel-frequency cepstrum coefficients, pitch and formants from the recordings. The second algorithm uses a dedicated convolutional neural network (CNN), operating on log Mel-filter bank representation of the recordings. Performance evaluation of the algorithms is carried out using an annotated database containing recordings of babies (0-6 months old) in domestic environments. In addition to baby cry, these recordings contain various types of domestic sounds, such as parents talking and door opening. The CNN classifier is shown to yield considerably better results compared to the logistic regression classifier, demonstrating the power of deep learning when applied to audio processing.This paper was published in IEEE International Conference on the Science of Electrical Engineering:Lavner, Y., Cohen, R., Ruinskiy, D., & IJzerman, H. (2016, November). Baby cry detection in domestic environment using deep learning. In Science of Electrical Engineering (ICSEE), IEEE International Conference on the Science of Electrical Engineering (pp. 1-5). IEEE.

House brokers typically intuit that any type of warmth cause people to buy houses more frequently. Is this empirical reality? The authors investigated this through people’s attachment towards advertised houses. A wealth of research has now linked thermoregulation to relationships (cf. IJzerman et al., 2015), and here the authors purport that this extends to people’s relationships with house as a more novel solution to an ancient problem: Shielding from the cold. The present package tests a preregistered idea that colder temperatures increase people’s need to affiliate and, in turn, increase people’s estimations of how homely a house is (measured through communality). The hypotheses of the first two studies were partly right: The authors only found that actual lower temperatures (not motivation and through a cup and outside temperature) induced people to find a house more communal, predicted by their need to affiliate. Importantly, this even predicts whether people find the house more attractive, and increases their willingness to pay for the house (Studies 1 and Study 2). The third study did not pan out as predicted, but still affected people’s need to affiliate. The authors reason that this was caused by a methodological shortcoming (namely not directly being affected by temperature). The present work provides novel insights into how a house becomes a home.This paper was published in Journal of Experimental Social Psychology: Van Acker, B. B., Kerselaers, K., Pantophlet, J., & IJzerman, H. (2016). Homelike thermoregulation: How physical coldness makes an advertised house a home. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 67, 20-27.