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Paracineta saifulae (Mereschkowsky, 1877) Report as epibiont on bryozoans: This species was reported as epibiont on bryozoan Triticella sp attached to crab from Mandovi-Zuari River mouth, Goa, West coast of India, Arabian Sea (Chatterjee et al. 2020c). Report as epibiont on other hosts/substrata: The species was described by Mereschkowsky (1877) from Bay of Onega and the shore of Terski in White Sea near the Rem (Russia) on the hydroid Leptoscyphus grigoriewi Mereschkowsky, 1877 and on gravel and shells, under the name Acineta saifulae. The same species was independently described by Fraipont (1878) on the hydroid Campanularia volubilis (Linnaeus, 1758) from Belgian coast of the Northern Sea near Ostend as Acineta crenata. The species was mentioned by Collin (1912) in the name combination Paracineta crenata, as found on hydroid Leuckartiara octona (Fleming, 1823) and polychaete Aphrodite aculeata Linnaeus, 1761 from French coast of the Mediterranean Sea near Sète. The species was also found in the Black Sea near Bulgarian coast and at Russian coast near Gelendzhik at the artificial substrates (glass slides) (Dovgal 2013)., Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas & Dovgal, Igor, 2020, A checklist of ciliate epibionts (Ciliophora) found on bryozoans, pp. 547-559 in Zootaxa 4896 (4) on page 550, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4387921, {"references":["Mereschkowsky, C. (1877) Studies on the Protozoa of Northern Russia. Travaux de la Societe des Naturalistses a St. Petersburg, 8 (3), 203 - 385. [in Russian]","Fraipont, J. (1878) Recherches sur les Acinetiens de la cote d'Ostende. P. 3. Bulletins de l'Academie royale des sciences, des letters et des beaux-arts de Belgique, 45, 287 - 297.","Collin, B. (1912) Etudes monographiques sur les Acinetiens. 2. Morphologie, Physiologie, Systematique. Archives de zoologie experimentale et generale, 51, 1 - 457.","Dovgal, I. V. (2013) Fauna of Ukraine: in 40 Vols. Vol. 36. Ciliates-Ciliophora. Issue 1. Class Suctorea. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 267 pp. [in Russian with English summary]"]}

Paracineta jorisi (Sand, 1895) Report as epibiont on bryozoans: The species was observed as epibiont on bryozoans Bowerbankia sp. (named Vesicularia sp.) in the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean (Kahl 1934). Report as epibiont on other hosts: The species was also found in the same localities of the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean on Sertularia sp. (Kahl 1934)., Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas & Dovgal, Igor, 2020, A checklist of ciliate epibionts (Ciliophora) found on bryozoans, pp. 547-559 in Zootaxa 4896 (4) on pages 549-550, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4387921, {"references":["Kahl, A. (1934) Suctoria. In: Grimpe, G. & Wagler, E. (Eds.), Die Tierwelt der Nord- und Ostsee, 26, uun 184 - 226."]}

A compilation of the ciliate (Ciliophora) species found on marine and fresh water bryozoans as epibionts has been carried out based on published records. The checklist includes the taxonomic position of each species of epibiontic ciliate, the species of basibiont bryozoans, localities and the bibliographic references. Altogether 40 ciliate species from classes Spirotrichea (two species); Suctorea (sixteen species); Oligohymenophorea, subclass Peritrichia (sixteen species) and Heterotrichea, family Folliculinidae (six species) were listed. Among registered species, six were reported on bryozoans only. Only one species of peritrich ciliate Ellobiophrya conviva adapted to inhabit on tentacles of bryozoans with special adhesive organelle (cinctum or adhesive ring) indicate a possible specific to bryozoan host.

Paracineta patula (Claparède & Lachmann, 1861) Report as epibiont on bryozoans: The species was reported on bryozoans found at Pacific coast of Canada, British Columbia, Strait of Georgia (Kahl 1934; Wailes 1943; Mccauley & Hancock 1971). Report as epibiont on other hosts: Widely distributed epibiotic and periphytic species found on hydrozoans, algae etc. in the White Sea (Mereschkowsky 1877), North Sea, Mediterranean Sea and near the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of Northern America (Collin 1912; Kahl 1934; Wailes 1943; Mccauley & Hancock 1971; Dovgal 2013)., Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas & Dovgal, Igor, 2020, A checklist of ciliate epibionts (Ciliophora) found on bryozoans, pp. 547-559 in Zootaxa 4896 (4) on page 550, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4387921, {"references":["Kahl, A. (1934) Suctoria. In: Grimpe, G. & Wagler, E. (Eds.), Die Tierwelt der Nord- und Ostsee, 26, uun 184 - 226.","Wailes, G. H. (1943) Canadian Pacific fauna. 1. Protozoa. 1 f. Ciliata. 1 g. Suctoria. University of Toronto Press, Toronro, 46 pp.","Mccauley, J. E. & Hancock, D. R. (1971) Appendix 8. Annotated checklist of plants and animals. In: Oceanography of the Nearshore Coastal Waters of the Pacific Northwest. Vol. 2. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, pp. 165 - 744.","Mereschkowsky, C. (1877) Studies on the Protozoa of Northern Russia. Travaux de la Societe des Naturalistses a St. Petersburg, 8 (3), 203 - 385. [in Russian]","Collin, B. (1912) Etudes monographiques sur les Acinetiens. 2. Morphologie, Physiologie, Systematique. Archives de zoologie experimentale et generale, 51, 1 - 457.","Dovgal, I. V. (2013) Fauna of Ukraine: in 40 Vols. Vol. 36. Ciliates-Ciliophora. Issue 1. Class Suctorea. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 267 pp. [in Russian with English summary]"]}

Paracineta saifulae (Mereschkowsky, 1877) (Fig. 3C, 3 D-1, 4 A, B) Brief description: Marine, loricate suctorian with elongate, some asymmetric body, only the bottom half of which cover by stylotheca. The conical stylotheca grades into thin, long pseudostyle, which is 3���4 times the lorica length. The conical part of the stylotheca often have thickened walls, the peculiar bed for body forms as a result. Stylotheca surface crenulated with three to many transverse striations. Capitate tentacles sometimes retractile, evenly distributed at the anterior surface of body. Macronucleus spherical. There is one contractile vacuole. Measurements (in ��m, based on three individuals): Stylotheca length 20���56 (65 after Mereschkowsky 1877); stylotheca width 24���37 (up to 27 after Mereschkowsky 1877); pseudostyle length 59���269; pseudostyle diameter 3���5; body length 33���61; body width 23���26; macronucleus dimensions 11��16. Remarks: This species was described under name Acineta saifulae by Mereschkowsky (1877) from Onega Bay of the White Sea near the Rem (Russia) on the hydroid Opercularella grigoriewi (Mereschkowsky, 1878). Curds (1987) synonymized A. saifulae with Acineta crenata Fraipont 1878, a species independently described by Fraipont (1878) on the hydroid Campanula riavolubilis (Linnaeus, 1758) from Belgian coast of the Northern Sea near Ostend. On the basis that the name Acineta saifulae was published earlier (in 1877) than the name Acineta crenata (in 1878), Dovgal (2002) concluded that the Paracineta saifulae must be considered as senior synonym. The species was also early mentioned by Collin (1912) under name Paracineta crenata, reported from French coast of the Mediterranean Sea near S��te on hydroid Leuckartia raoctona (Fleming, 1823) and polychaete Aphrodite aculeata Linnaeus, 1761. Paracineta saifulae was also reported in the Black Sea near Bulgarian coast and in Russian coast near Gelendzhik on artificial substrates (glass slides) (Dovgal 2013). The ciliate Paracineta saifulae was attached on stalk (Fig. 3C) as well on zooidal dilatations (3D-1) of Triticella pedicellata. This is the first record of this species from the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean., Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas, Dovgal, Igor, Vieira, Leandro M., Dutta, Arpita & Nanajkar, Mandar, 2020, Report of ciliate-bryozoan-crustacean hyperepibiosis on crab (Decapoda Brachyura) from west coast of India, Arabian Sea, pp. 347-360 in Zootaxa 4890 (3) on pages 351-352, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4890.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/4306230, {"references":["Mereschkowsky, C. (1877) Studies on the Protozoa of Northern Russia. Travaux de la Societe des naturalistes de St. - Petersbourg, 8 (3), 203 - 385. [in Russian]","Curds, C. R. (1987) A revision of Suctoria (Ciliophora, Kinetofragminofora). 5. The Paracineta and Corynophrya problem. Bulletin of British Museum (Natural History). Zoology series, 52, 71 - 106.","Fraipont, J. (1878) Recherches sur les Acinetiens de la cote d'Ostende. Bulletin de l'Academie (r.) des sciences des lettres et des beaux arte de Belgique, 45, 247 - 297.","Dovgal, I. V. (2002) Evolution, phylogeny and classification of Suctorea (Ciliophora). Protistology, 24, 194 - 270.","Collin, B. (1912) Etudes monographiques sur les Acinetiens. 2. Morphologie, physiologie, systematique. Archives De Zoologie Experimentale Et Generale, 51, 1 - 457.","Dovgal, I. V. (2013) Fauna of Ukraine. Vol. 36. Ciliates-Ciliophora. Issue 1. Class Suctorea. Naukova dumka, Kiev, 267 pp."]}

Chatterjee, Tapas, Dovgal, Igor, Vieira, Leandro M., Dutta, Arpita, Nanajkar, Mandar (2020): Report of ciliate-bryozoan-crustacean hyperepibiosis on crab (Decapoda Brachyura) from west coast of India, Arabian Sea. Zootaxa 4890 (3): 347-360, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4890.3.3

Dovgal, Tapas Chatterjee ı Igor, Fernandez-Leborans, Gregorio (2019): A checklist of suctorian epibiont ciliates (Ciliophora) found on meiobenthic marine nematodes. Journal of Natural History 53 (33): 2133-2143, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2019.1692085

Thecacineta calix (Schröderı 1907) = Acineta calix Schröderı 1907 = Acineta crenata Moebiusı 1888 = Paracineta crenata (Moebiusı 1888) = Paracineta moebiusi Kahlı 1934 = Thecacineta desmodorae Schulzı 1931 = Thecacineta donsi Allgénı 1935 = Thecacineta subantarctica Allgénı 1949 = Thecacineta paradesmodorae Allgénı 1949 = Thecaineta oblonga Allgénı 1955 = Thecacineta laophontis Jankowskiı 1981 Report as epibiont on nematodes The species was described of Schröder (1907) from an unidentified nematode collected near Kerguelen Islandsı Antarctica. Thenı Schulz (1931) reported T. calix as epibiont on the nematode Desmodora sp. from Island of Heard (Kerguelen Islands)ı Antarctica under the name Thecacineta desmodorae Schulzı 1931. Steiner (1931) (cf. Matthes 1956) reported T calix (that was misidentified as a tintinnid ciliate) as epibiont on the nematode Mastodex kerguelensis Steinerı 1921 (= Desmodora stateni Allgénı 1953) (presently Mastodex kerguelensis kept as taxon inquirendum) from the type locality. Allgén (1935) reported this species (as Thecacineta donsi Allgénı 1935) as an epibiont on the nematode Desmodora sp. from Tarvaı Norway. Allgén (1949) reported the epibiont Thecacineta calix on Desmodora campbelli (Allgénı 1932) (at present taxon inquirendum) from Tierra Del Fuego (= Feuerland) and Falkland Islands as Thecacineta subantarctica. T. calix was reported as Thecacineta paradesmodorae Allgénı 1949 from the nematode Croconema stateni Allgénı 1928 (= Desmodora stateni) in the Falkland Islands. Allgén (1955) reported the epibiont T. calix on Croconema stateni (= Desmodora stateni) from Tierra Del Fuego (= Feuerland) as Thecacineta oblonga Allgénı 1955. Susetiono (2006) reported this species as epibiont on Paradesmodora sp. in sediments of Siladeu and Nias islands (Indonesia) Ingole et al. (2010) reported Thecacineta calix as epibiont on the nematodes Croconema sphaerica (Kreisı 1928) (= Desmodora sphaerica Kreisı 1928) and Desmodora pontica (Filipjevı 1922) (at presentı invalid species)ı associated with a deep-sea hexactinellid sponge Pheronema sp.ı from the upper slope of the Northern Seamount located off Nicobar Island (Andaman & Nicobar Islands)ı the Indian Ocean at a water depth of 1301 m. Panigrahi et al. (2015) reported T. calix from the intertidal region of Tamil Nadu coastı India (Southwest Bay of Bengal) as epibiont on nematodes Desmodorella schulzi (Gerlachı 1950) (= Desmodora schulzi Gerlachı 1950) and Desmodora communis (Butschliı 1874). Ansari et al. (2017) reported this species on the nematodes Croconema cinctum Cobbı 1920 and Desmodorella tenuispiculum Allgénı 1928 from Suvadiva atoll in the Maldives at 61–62 m depth. Chatterjee et al. (2019b) reported T. calix on a nematode from Angria Bankı Arabian Sea. Other Hosts T. calix has been reported as an epibiont on several species of halacaridsı copepodsı etc.ı from the Atlanticı Pacificı Antarctic and Indian Oceans (Moebius 1888; Wailes 1943; Matthes 1956; Martínez-Murillo 1997; Fernandez-Leborans and Tato-Porto 2000b; Jankowski 2007; Dovgal et al. 2008a; Chatterjee et al. 2012 ı 2014 aı 2014 bı 2019bı 2020). This species is known from intertidal to deep-sea areas. Remarks Details of basibionts and localities are given in Chatterjee et al. (2019b)., Published as part of Dovgal, Tapas Chatterjee ı Igor & Fernandez-Leborans, Gregorio, 2019, A checklist of suctorian epibiont ciliates (Ciliophora) found on meiobenthic marine nematodes, pp. 2133-2143 in Journal of Natural History 53 (33) on pages 2133-2143, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2019.1692085, http://zenodo.org/record/3654827, {"references":["Schroder O. 1907. Die Infusorien der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. In: von Drygalski Ei editor. Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. Bd. 9. Berlin: G. Reimer. p. 349 - 360.","Schulz E. 1931. Beitrage zur Kenntnis marinen suctorien I. Zool Anz. 96: 95 - 99.","Steiner G. 1931. Die Nematoden der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. In: von Drygalski Ei editor. Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. Bd. 20. Berlin: G. Reimer. p. 167 - 216.","Matthes D. 1956. Suktorienstudien VIII. Thecacineta calix (Schroderi 1907) (Thecacinetidae nov. fam.) und ihre Fortpflanzung durch Vermoid-Schwarmer. Arch Protistenk. 101: 477 - 528.","Allgen CA. 1935. Ueber eine neuei epizoischaufeiner Desmodora (Nematodes) leben de Art der Gattung Thecacineta Collini Th. donsi n. sp. Ausder Strandregionbei Tarva (Norwegen). Det Konglige Norske Videnskabers Selskab Forhandlinger. 8 (16): 51 - 53.","Allgen CA. 1949. Uber zwei neue subantarktische Suctorien. Ark Zool. 42 B (2): 1 - 6.","Allgen CA. 1955. Die Suctorien der schwedischen Sudpolar-Expedition (1901 - 1903). Zool Anz. 154: 36 - 48.","Susetiono P. 2006. Epibiosis Thecacineta calix (protozoai ciliophora) pada meio fauna Paradesmodora sp. (Nematodai Desmodoridae) dariperairan Indonesia. Oseana. 31: 41 - 49.","Ingole Bi Singh Ri Sautya Si Dovgal Ii Chatterjee T. 2010. Report of epibiont Thecacineta calix (Ciliophora: Suctorea) on deep-sea Desmodora (Nematoda) from the Andaman Seai Indian Ocean. Mar Biodivers Rec. 3: e 46 i 1. doi: 10.1017 / S 1755267209990777.","Panigrahi Si Bindu VKi Bramha SNi Samantara MKi Mohanty AKi Satpathy KKi Dovgal I. 2015. Report of Thecacineta calix (Ciliophora: Suctoria) on nematode Desmodora from the intertidal sediments of Southwest Bay of Bengal. Indian J Geo-Mar Sci. 43 (12): 1840 - 1843.","Ansari KGMTi Guidi Li Dovgal Ii Balsamo Mi Semprucci F. 2017. Some epibiont suctorian ciliates from meiofaunal organisms of Maldivian archipelago with description of a new ciliate species. Zootaxa. 4258 (4): 375 - 387. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4258.4.","Chatterjee Ti Nanajkar Mi Dovgal Ii Sergeeva Ni Bhabe S. 2019 b. New records of epibiont Thecacineta calix (Ciliophorai Suctorea) from the Caspian Sea and Angria Banki Arabian Sea. Cah Biol Mar. 60 (5): 445 - 451.","Moebius K. 1888. Bruchstuckeeiner Infusorien fauna der Kieler Bucht. Arch Naturgesch. 54: 81 - 116.","Wailes GH. 1943. Protozoa et Suctoria. Can Pac Fauna. 1: 1 - 46.","Martinez-Murillo ME. 1997. Ciliados asociados a la vegetacion sumergida y a la sraices de mangle en la Laguna de Tamiahuai Veracruzi Mexico [Ph. D. Thesis]. Mexico: Facultad de Cienciasi Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. 264 p.","Fernandez-Leborans Gi Tato-Porto ML. 2000 b. A review of the species of protozoan epibionts on crustaceans. II. Suctorian ciliates. Crustaceana. 73: 1205 - 1237. doi: 10.1163 / 156854000505209.","Jankowski AV. 2007. Review of taxa Phylum Ciliophora Dofleini 1901. In: Alimov AFi editor. Protista: handbook on zoology. Pt. 2. St. Petersburg: Nauka; p. 415 - 993.","Dovgal Ii Chatterjee Ti Ingole B. 2008 a. An overview of suctorian ciliates (Ciliophora: Suctorea) as epibionts of halacarid mites (Acarii Halacaridae). Zootaxa. 1810: 60 - 68. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1810.1.4.","Armenteros Mi Ruiz-Abierno Ai Decraemer W. 2014. Revision of Desmodorinae and Spiriniinae (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) with redescription of eight known species. Eur J Taxon. 96: 1 - 32."]}

Loricophrya scanica (Allgénı 1934) = Paracineta scanica Allgénı 1934 = Lissacineta scanica (Allgénı 1934) Report as epibiont on nematodes This species was recorded on Spirinia parasitifera (Bastianı 1865) from Southern Kattegatt (Denmark) (Allgén 1934). Remarks Chatterjee et al. (2019a) placed Paracineta scanica Allgénı 1934 into the genus Loricophrya., Published as part of Dovgal, Tapas Chatterjee ı Igor & Fernandez-Leborans, Gregorio, 2019, A checklist of suctorian epibiont ciliates (Ciliophora) found on meiobenthic marine nematodes, pp. 2133-2143 in Journal of Natural History 53 (33) on pages 2133-2143, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2019.1692085, http://zenodo.org/record/3654827, {"references":["Allgen CA. 1934. Die Suctorien der Spirina parasitifera (Bastian). Z Parasitenkd. 7 (1): 118 - 120.","Chatterjee Ti Nanajkar Mi Dovgal I. 2019 a. New record of Loricophrya stresemanni (Ciliophorai Suctorea) as epibiont on nematodes from the Indian Ocean and notes on the genus Loricophrya. Cah Biol Mar. 60 (3): 283 - 288."]}

The article deals with the report of 5 suctorians viz. Lecanophryella satyanandani (Santhakumari, 1986), Paracineta karunakarani Santhakumari, 1986, Ephelota gemmipara (Hertwig, 1876), Acineta foetida Maupas, 1881 and Pelagacineta sp. on marine pelagic ostracods Cypridina dentata (Müller, 1906) from new localities of the Arabian Sea. Diagnostic characters of Paracineta karunakarani are emended. Ephelota gemmipara (Hertwig, 1876) and Acineta foetida Maupas, 1881 are reported here for the first time on planktonic marine ostracods. Pelagacineta sp. is reported for the first time as epibiont on ostracods and from the Indian Ocean.

Paracineta karunakarani Santhakumari, 1986 (Fig. 2A, B) Material examined: Several specimens on pelagic ostracods Cypridina dentata (Müller, 1906) from stations 14 and 16. Brief Description: Suctorian ciliate with conical thecostyle, which cover only one third of the cell body and accrete to the substrate by rounded attaching disc. The body is more or less square to rectangular in shape. Clavate tentacles are evenly distributed at the apical body surface. The macronucleus is allantoidal, some irregular, but might look rounded depending upon the viewpoint on the individual. Reproduction by external (exogemmic) budding with formation of single, ellipsoid protomite on the apical body surface (Fig. 2B). Measurements from present find (in μm): (measurements taken from 2 ciliate individuals) body height 57– 78; body width 41–40; thecostyle length 37–123; width of the upper thecostyle part 17–31; width of the basal thecostyle part 11–16; width of the attaching disc 7–11; length of the tentacles 6–21; size of macronucleus 32–71×6–11; size of protomite 31×41. Host and substrate specificity: Cypridina dentata (Müller, 1906) —a pelagic ostracod (Santhakumari 1986 b, Padmakumar et al. 2015, present find). Distribution: West coast of India, the Arabian Sea. Remarks: This species was first reported by Santhakumari (1986b) from southwest coast of India on an ostracod Cypridina dentata (Müller, 1906). It was also reported from North Eastern Arabian Sea, 21°59’84” N; 65°59’52”E, on same ostracod (Padmakumar et al. 2015). The epibiosis of the species on other pelagic ostracod, Euconchoecia aculeata (Scott, 1894) was not observed in investigations of Santhakumari (1986a) and Padmakumar et al. (2015)., Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas, Dovgal, Igor, Nanajkar, Mandar & Fernandes, Veronica, 2019, Report of epibiont ciliates (Cilliophora: Suctorea) on pelagic ostracods (Crustacea: Ostracoda) from the Arabian Sea, pp. 378-384 in Zootaxa 4695 (4) on pages 379-380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4695.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/3534816, {"references":["Santhakumari, V. (1986 b) Two new species of suctorians, Acineta satyanandani sp. nov. and Paracineta karunakarani sp. nov. epizoic on ostracods. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 33 (4), 471 - 475.","Padmakumar, K. B., Lathika, C. T., Anilkumar, V. & Sanjeevan, V. N. (2015) Occurrence of epibiontic suctorian protozoans on marine ostracod Cypridina dentata (Muller, 1906) in the North Eastern Arabian Sea. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, 44 (6), 874 - 878.","Santhakumari, V. (1986 a) Epizoic and ectoparasitic protozoans from crab larvae. Mahasagar-Bulletin of the National Institute of Oceanography, 19 (1), 65 - 67."]}