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Metabolism, a manifestation specific to life, represents the set of physical and chemical processes through which living matter achieves continuous renewal to function and organize the specific activity. The physical-chemical composition of goat milk is conditioned by breed, individuality, area, and age. This study analyzes the physical-chemical composition of milk from a population of Carpathian goat breed, in the first seven postpartum days (first, third, and seventh day) according to age (primiparous and multiparous) to observe the physical-chemical changes from colostrum to milk. The physical-chemical parameters analyzed were: fat (g/100 g); protein (g/100 g); casein (g/100 g); lactose (g/100 g); solid non-fat - SNF (g/100 g); total dry matter (g/100 g); pH; freezing point (FP); urea mg/dl; somatic cells count - SCC/ml x 1000; total bacteria count - TBC/ml x 1000. Results highlight the intense changes that occur at the physico-chemical level of goat's milk to cover the nutritional requirements of the newborn goat and indicate the health status of the mammary gland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Donkey milk is used as an alternative source in the diet of young children and newborns due to the similar composition to breast milk. The donkey milk is considered to be a functional food by the chemical composition it presents, thus being beneficial in the nutrition of people suffering from food allergies. The chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of the donkey milk are significantly influenced by lactation and also by the lactation period. Donkey milk has a low fat content compared to other species and high lactose content. These parameters are influenced by the variables such as: lactation, animal age, and feeding. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of lactation on the antioxidant capacity and physicochemical compounds in the donkey milk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Donkey milk is considered a substitute for breast milk. Because of its nutritional and compositional properties it is very close to breast milk. Equine asinus can be considered suitable for feeding newborns, against cow's milk, which can cause intolerance. We determined the physico-chemical parameters of donkey milk with CombiFoss FT. The total germ count (TNG) was analyzed by BactoScan and the total number of somatic cells (TNS) by Fossomatic FC. Determination of heavy metals in milk was performed by mass spectrometry to identify Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn. Heavy metals are present in the environment but also in food and can cause serious health problems to the consumer. For the consumer, the main source of cadmium exposure is the food they consume, water and smoking. Cd contamination of dairy milk may also be due to the use of Cd-based chemicals, fertilizers, feed and waste water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our trial was conducted with the aim of emphasizing the influence of environmental factors acting as potential stressors upon donkey milk nutritional traits, within specific climatic conditions of North-West Romania. Milk from fifty jennies from four private farms, in different stages of lactation, from first up to the fifth, weekly collected during a three months period, February-April 2016, was qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated. In experimental areal, temperature, humidity, and wind velocity, were daily recorded. The average temperature of the experimental period (4.95°C±0.19°C) is with 0.8°C bigger compared to the average temperature of the experimental areal in 2010, suggesting the increase of the heat stress upon donkey milk production traits. Donkey milk content in lactose and fat, together with milk pH, increase from first to fifth lactation, while water and protein content decrease. We may consider the lack of correlations between donkey milk pH and fat content, and also between fat and lactose. Positive significant moderate correlations are identified between donkey milk lactose and protein, and also between lactose, protein, and donkey milk pH. Between fat and donkey milk water content, negative significant moderate correlation is identified. Temperature, humidity, and wind velocity have strong influence upon donkey milk fat, protein and water content, and moderate on donkey milk pH, and lactose. This study emphasizes the necessity of adopting suitable managerial practices in donkey rearing facilities, where the farmer is interested in valuating donkey milk. This assertion is based on the increasing of the temperature in the experimental areal, compared to the same period of the previous years, taking into account the negative influence of the heat stress on donkey milk quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meat is an important food in the human diet. The chemical composition of meat is influenced by many factors. An important factor is represented by species. In this study was analyzed for protein content, water, minerals and fatty acids in pork and beef. Minerals ranged from 0.95 ± 0.02 (%) in pig meat and 1.12 ± 0.02 (%) in beef. The protein varied between: 19.20 ± 0.14 (%) in pork and 20.31 ± 0.25 (%) in beef. The highest average values are for the following fatty acids: C16: 0 (palmitic), C18: 0 (stearic acid) and C18: 1 (oleic acid) in both pork and beef. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrates and nitrites are mainly used in meat products for shelf life extension, to improve flavor and for color fixation. High content of nitrite and nitrate in food can raise concern regarding its undesirable effects on consumer health. In our study the lowest value for N03' content was found in pork sausages, with values ranging from 35.16 mg/kg to 39.82 mg/kg and the lowest value for NO2- content was evidenced in summer sausages, with values between 1.3 mg/kg and 1.42 mg/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Milk quality is influenced by many factors including rank lactation This study aims to present the evolution of the main quality parameters of milk as the fat, protein, lactose, dry matter and the number of somatic cells for the first five lactations in Bălţată Românească breed during twelve official controls, starting in June 2015 until the month of April 2016. The biological material studied was represented by three herds of dairy cows in three farms from Sălaj County (Crasna, Marin and Bodia villages). Analyzing qualitative parameters of milk obtained from the herds in lactation 1 during the 12 controls, there was a percent of 3.58% fat, 3.05% protein, 4.49% lactose and 8.48% dry substance and less than 100,000 cells/mL for SCC. in Crasna farm. These parameters varied over the five lactations, the highest values being ranked in lactation five. Herd from Marin farm presented a fat content of 4.44% in lactation 2, while the lowest percentage of fat was recorded in lactation 3 (3.66%). Regarding the protein, the highest percentage was obtained in lactation 2 (3.70%) and the lowest in lactation 1 (3.39%). In the farm from Bodia the values were intermediate between the two other farms. Lactation rank affects milk quality, so in lactation 1 there were recorded the lowest values of quality parameters of milk. Somatic cell count was under 100,000 for all three farms, suggesting a good health status of the herds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the main milk components function of lactation. The following components were analyzed: fat, protein, lactose, non-lipid dry matter, density, and pH. In our study these components are influenced by the specific reference seasonal conditions. The average fat percent in milk frames within: 7.23-8.89%; protein 5.17-5.42% and lactose 4.19-4.94%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]