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Fifty five patients with hormone-resistant prostate cancer were included in this retrospective controlled study. Chemotherapy with intravenous docetaxel (75 mg/m2 for 21 days) was performed in 30 patients, 25 patients received metronomic oral therapy with cyclophosphamide (50 mg/day). The central objective of this study was the comparison of overall survival in these groups. Pain management effectiveness, quality of life and PSA level were also compared. In docetaxel group the median overall survival was 15.9 +/- 1.7 months, in cyclophosphamide group 15.4 +/- 2.2 months (p = 0.5). Frequency of PSA level decrease was 76.7% and 44%, PSA response to therapy was observed in 46.7% and 12% of patients (p = 0.04 and p = 0.02). In docetaxel group pain reduction was achieved in 42.9% and in cyclophosphamide group in 31.3% of cases (p = 0.60). Grade III-IV hematological toxicity was observed only in docetaxel group (33% of patients), in 16.7% of patients receiving docetaxel the therapy had to be ceased due to adverse effect. Quality of live was improved in 26.7% of patients receiving docetaxel and in 16% of patients receiving cyclophosphamide.

36 cases of cancer of the prostate, diagnosed at the histological study of the tissue removed during adenomectomy, have been studied. The most common from is a highly differentiated adenocarcinoma with a well developed parenchyma. Elastic consistency and smooth surface of the tumors make difficult their clinical, diagnosis. As compared to other forms of prostatic cancer, these tumors are characterized by a more favourable clinical course and prognosis.

The predictive value of aspiration and trepan biopsy is analysed in 247 cases of prostatic cancer. The diagnostic value of trepan biopsy is 90.1%; it is not determined by the degree of tumor differentiation. The value of aspiration biopsy varies with different degree of differentiation; it is 42.1% for well-differentiated cancer, 81.2%--for moderately- and 97.4%--for poorly-differentiated tumors. Aspiration biopsy is a safe procedure, while trepan biopsy may be followed by severe complications.

The results of a macro- and microscopic study of aspirate obtained from prostatic cancer patients in 253 needle biopsies are presented. In well-differentiated cancer, it was abundant, blood-stained, with large layers of the prostatic epithelium and insignificant atypia and polymorphism of tumor cells. Aspirate from moderately-differentiated tumors was scarce, generally blood-free, with small layers of the epithelium and considerable levels of isolated moderately polymorphous cells. In poorly-differentiated tumors, aspirate was also abundant but usually blood-free and contained isolated sharply polymorphous tumor cells.

Karyometric and cytophotometric parameters of the prostate epithelium are examined on the pattern of aspiration biopsy under benign hyperplasia and carcinoma of different grades of differentiation. The results obtained suggest that the distribution of the nuclei, according to their volume and DNA values, and the calculated index of DNA accumulation per cell may be used for differential diagnostics of the prostate cancer and for making the morphological type of tumor more precise.