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1984～1990年の間に市町村で55歳以上の男子に施行した.排尿に関する質問, 前立腺触診, 経腹的超音波断層法, 及び血中腫瘍マーカー測定より成る第1次検診は1232例に行われ, 55歳以上の男子住民の17.7%に相当した.前立腺癌の疑100例及び良性前立腺肥大の疑169例が第2次検診の対象になったが, 92例のみが受診し, 3例が前立腺癌と組織学的に診断され, 56例で良性前立腺肥大の診断が確立し泌尿器科医に紹介された, Between 1984 and 1990, a mass screening for prostatic diseases was carried out on men over 55 years old in cities, towns and villages in Toyama Prefecture, Japan. The total number of subjects examined in the primary study was 1, 232, which was 17.7% of the males over 55 years old in these areas. The primary study consisted of inquiry concerning urination, digital examination of the prostate, transabdominal ultrasonography, and determination of tumor markers. A secondary study was indicated for 100 subjects (8.9%) suspected to have prostatic cancer and 169 (15%) suspected to have benign prostatic hypertrophy, but only 92 (35%) of them were actually examined. Prostatic cancer was histologically diagnosed in 3 subjects (0.3%), and benign prostatic hypertrophy was established in 56 subjects (4.5%), who were referred to urologists. Though a high percentage of the population was covered by the primary study the percentage of subjects who received the secondary study among those in whom it was indicated was low. This probably was a reason for the low detection rate of prostatic cancer. An improved system is considered to be needed to increase the efficiency of mass screening for prostatic diseases.