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Background: Few population-based studies have assessed the effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) in stage III colon cancer patients according to age. We sought to quantify the prevalence of ACT use and the absolute and relative survival benefit of ACT overall and by age in a population-based cohort., Methods: Stage III patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon identified by the Georgia Comprehensive Cancer Registry for the years 2000-07 were eligible (final N=3057). We utilized Poisson regression to obtain adjusted mortality rates (MR) and Cox proportional hazards models to obtain adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for 5-year overall survival. We evaluated control of confounding by comparing HRs obtained via multivariable modeling (MM), propensity score weighting (PSW), and propensity score matching (PSM)., Results: Just over one-third of colon cancer patients did not receive ACT, and the proportion increased with age. Overall, receipt of ACT conferred an absolute (MR difference [No ACT rate-ACT rate] 25.4 deaths/1000 person-years [py], 95% confidence interval [CI]: 19.1-32.7 deaths/1000 py) and relative (MM HR=0.67, 95% CI: 0.59-0.76) survival benefit. The survival benefit was demonstrated across age groups. MM and propensity score methods yielded highly similar HRs., Conclusion: Unless contraindicated, efforts to ensure receipt of ACT for stage III colon cancer patients up to 84 years of age are needed to improve the prognosis of patients with node-positive disease., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

• Lung cancer outcomes are related to neighborhood context. • Low segregation/high deprivation predicts receiving surgery for white patients. • High segregation/ low deprivation predicts receiving surgery for black patients. • Living in rural areas increased risk of death for black and white patients. • High Hispanic segregation/high deprivation increased risk of death for black patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between neighborhood environment and lung cancer outcomes among Florida residents younger than 65 years of age. This was a retrospective cohort study that included patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Florida from January 2005 to December 2014 (n = 22,750). Multi-level, mixed-effect logistic regression models were used for two outcomes: receipt of treatment and receipt of surgery. Survival analyses, using proportional subdistribution hazard models, were conducted to examine the impact of neighborhood characteristics on risk of death due to lung cancer with adjustment for individual-level variables. Neighborhood exposures of interest were census tract level black and Hispanic segregation combined with economic deprivation. White patients who lived in low black segregation/high deprivation areas had 15 % lower odds of receiving surgery (95 % CI: 0.76-0.93). However, the likelihood of receiving surgery for black patients who lived in high black segregation/low deprivation and high black segregation/high deprivation was lower than for black patients who lived in low black segregation/low deprivation neighborhoods (level 3 AOR = 0.56 [0.38-0.85]; level 4 AOR = 0.69 [0.54-0.88]). Living in suburban and rural areas increased the risk of lung cancer death for white patients by 14 % (95 % CI: 1.05–1.24) and 26 % (95 % CI: 1.08–1.46), respectively. Living in rural areas increased the risk of death for black patients by 54 % r (SHR = 1.54 [1.19–2.0]). Black patients who live in high Hispanic segregation/high deprivation had 36 % increased risk of death compared to black patients who lived in low Hispanic segregation/low deprivation areas. This study suggests that when investigating cancer disparities, merely adjusting for race/ethnicity does not provide sufficient explanation to understand survival and treatment variations. Lung cancer outcomes are impacted by neighborhood environments that are formed based on the distribution of race, ethnicity and class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]